TheTheWar of the War of the RebellionRebellion

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

TheTheWar of the War of the RebellionRebellion

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)

Cause and Issues of the Civil WarCause and Issues of the Civil War

Slavery – Abolitionists movement 1830s –written Slavery – Abolitionists movement 1830s –written protest of slavery, 1840s – underground railroad, protest of slavery, 1840s – underground railroad, 1850s – Para-military and political (Rep. Party), 1850s – Para-military and political (Rep. Party), as well as written documents (Uncle Tom’s as well as written documents (Uncle Tom’s Cabin)Cabin)Struggle for power (Internal Improvements) Struggle for power (Internal Improvements) Western ExpansionWestern ExpansionEconomics – control for the future of the Economics – control for the future of the economy – agriculture v. industryeconomy – agriculture v. industryTariffs – high taxes on importsTariffs – high taxes on imports

Events leading to Civil WarEvents leading to Civil War

Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri Compromise (1820)Western Expansion (1783 – 1853)Western Expansion (1783 – 1853)Nashville Convention (1850)Nashville Convention (1850)Compromise of 1850 (1850)Compromise of 1850 (1850)Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Bleeding Kansas (1856)Bleeding Kansas (1856)Dredd Scott Case (1857)Dredd Scott Case (1857)John Brown’s Raid (1859)John Brown’s Raid (1859)Election of Abe. Lincoln (1860)Election of Abe. Lincoln (1860)

The Confederacy is FormedThe Confederacy is Formed

SC leaves the US Dec. 1860SC leaves the US Dec. 1860

By Feb. 7, 1861 – six other states join By Feb. 7, 1861 – six other states join South Carolina (Florida, Alabama, South Carolina (Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana and Georgia)Georgia)

Jefferson Davis appointed PresidentJefferson Davis appointed President

Montgomery becomes capital of CSAMontgomery becomes capital of CSA

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

The Leaders of the The Leaders of the ConfederacyConfederacy

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

Fort SumterFort Sumter

The Union abandons most federal forts in The Union abandons most federal forts in the South (deal between Pres. James the South (deal between Pres. James Buchanan and Pres. Jefferson Davis.Buchanan and Pres. Jefferson Davis.South fires upon Ft. Sumter while Union South fires upon Ft. Sumter while Union tries re-supply the forttries re-supply the fort4:00 Am on April 12, 1861 – Citadel 4:00 Am on April 12, 1861 – Citadel students and the SC militia fire upon fort students and the SC militia fire upon fort (Lincoln did not take the Presidency until (Lincoln did not take the Presidency until March 5, 1861)March 5, 1861)

Lincoln calls for volunteersLincoln calls for volunteers

Calls for 75,000 volunteers to put down Calls for 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion, 200,000 join US forcesthe rebellion, 200,000 join US forces

Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas and Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas and Tennessee join the ConfederacyTennessee join the Confederacy

Border States – Kentucky, Delaware, Border States – Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland and MissouriMaryland and Missouri

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Fighting the Civil WarFighting the Civil War

Most people did not think that the war would last Most people did not think that the war would last a long time.a long time.

Most people from the North assumed that they Most people from the North assumed that they could crush the “Southern Rebellion” in one could crush the “Southern Rebellion” in one battlebattle

People from the South assumed that they could People from the South assumed that they could gain their “Independence” in one major battle.gain their “Independence” in one major battle.

England and France were anxious to see the England and France were anxious to see the war because it weakened the US.war because it weakened the US.

North & South North & South comparedcompared

North & South North & South comparedcompared

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources ComparedResources ComparedResources ComparedResources Compared

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ OccupationsOccupations

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ OccupationsOccupations

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

The Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate SealThe Confederate Seal

MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”MOTTO MOTTO “With God As Our Vindicator” “With God As Our Vindicator”

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

Objectives and plans for fighting Objectives and plans for fighting the Warthe War

North-North- 1.) Blockade the Southern Coast, 2.) 1.) Blockade the Southern Coast, 2.) Divide the Confederacy by conquering the Divide the Confederacy by conquering the Mississippi River and 3.) Capture the Southern Mississippi River and 3.) Capture the Southern Capital (which was moved to Richmond, VA). Capital (which was moved to Richmond, VA). Overall objective was to preserve the Union, not Overall objective was to preserve the Union, not free slaves.free slaves.SouthSouth – 1.) Fight a defensive war (make the – 1.) Fight a defensive war (make the North attack the South), 2.) Enlist the support of North attack the South), 2.) Enlist the support of the Europeans (England and France). the Europeans (England and France). Overall Overall objective was to gain independence from the objective was to gain independence from the Union.Union.

OvervieOverviewwofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy

::

AnacondAnacondaPlanaPlan

OvervieOverviewwofof

the the North’sNorth’s

Civil WarCivil WarStrategyStrategy

::

AnacondAnacondaPlanaPlan

The “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” PlanThe “Anaconda” Plan

Lincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s GeneralsLincoln’s Generals

Irwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowellIrwin McDowell

Winfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield ScottWinfield Scott

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellan,George McClellan,Again!Again!

George McClellanMcClellanGeorge McClellanMcClellan

Ambrose BurnsideAmbrose Burnside

Joseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph HookerJoseph Hooker

George MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeGeorge MeadeUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

The Confederate The Confederate GeneralsGenerals

Jeb StuartJeb StuartJeb StuartJeb Stuart

James LongstreetJames LongstreetJames LongstreetJames Longstreet

George PickettGeorge PickettGeorge PickettGeorge Pickett

““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson““Stonewall” JacksonStonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Nathan Bedford Nathan Bedford ForrestForrest

Robert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Called Granny Lee at the beginning of the Called Granny Lee at the beginning of the war because he was over cautious.war because he was over cautious.Eventually well loved and admired by his Eventually well loved and admired by his men.men.He was a religious man (pious) he was not He was a religious man (pious) he was not overwhelmed with love for himself, but overwhelmed with love for himself, but rather was disciplined and humble.rather was disciplined and humble.Led the Confederacy’s Army of Northern Led the Confederacy’s Army of Northern Virginia from May 1862 – April 1865. Virginia from May 1862 – April 1865.

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run (1(1stst Manassas) Manassas)

July, 1861July, 1861

Battle of Bull RunBattle of Bull Run

The first major land battle of the Civil War took place at a The first major land battle of the Civil War took place at a railroad junction in Northern Virginia called Manassas railroad junction in Northern Virginia called Manassas Junction. A stream named Bull Run ran through the Junction. A stream named Bull Run ran through the area, thus the name Bull Run.area, thus the name Bull Run.The battle took place in July 1861. 30,000 Northern The battle took place in July 1861. 30,000 Northern troops marched south from Washington, DC and headed troops marched south from Washington, DC and headed towards Richmond, VA. The troops were very poorly towards Richmond, VA. The troops were very poorly trained, but the newspapers and the citizens of the Union trained, but the newspapers and the citizens of the Union wanted to fight so the chant “On to Richmond” prevailed wanted to fight so the chant “On to Richmond” prevailed – the Union Army marched south. Congressman, women – the Union Army marched south. Congressman, women and children, as well as elders followed the army as they and children, as well as elders followed the army as they marched south. Many people wanted to see the great marched south. Many people wanted to see the great battle that would “destroy the rebellion.” battle that would “destroy the rebellion.”

Bull Run ContinuedBull Run Continued

The Confederate Army waited for the Union Army at The Confederate Army waited for the Union Army at Manassas. 22,000 Confederate troops, not well trained Manassas. 22,000 Confederate troops, not well trained but waiting on the high ground, waited for the Union but waiting on the high ground, waited for the Union advance. advance. General Thomas J. Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, held General Thomas J. Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, held the line for the Confederates at the most desperate time the line for the Confederates at the most desperate time of the battle, the Union troops were defeated.of the battle, the Union troops were defeated.In the confusion, many Union Troops simply dropped In the confusion, many Union Troops simply dropped their guns and ran back to Washington, DC. The Union their guns and ran back to Washington, DC. The Union Army withdrew from Virginia in disgrace, they did not Army withdrew from Virginia in disgrace, they did not withdraw in good order and the South could probably withdraw in good order and the South could probably have won the war that day if they would have moved have won the war that day if they would have moved north, but they were fighting a defensive war.north, but they were fighting a defensive war.

George B. McClellanGeorge B. McClellan

After the union loss at Bull Run, Abe. Lincoln After the union loss at Bull Run, Abe. Lincoln appointed George B. McClellan to be Supreme appointed George B. McClellan to be Supreme commander of the Union Army.commander of the Union Army.

McClellan was fascinated by himself, we can McClellan was fascinated by himself, we can easily say that he had a messiah complex; he easily say that he had a messiah complex; he thought that he could save the Union by himself. thought that he could save the Union by himself. Although he was loved by his men, he openly Although he was loved by his men, he openly called Lincoln a fool and incompetent. called Lincoln a fool and incompetent.

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

McClellan: McClellan: I Can Do It I Can Do It All!All!

Spring 1862 - Peninsula CampaignSpring 1862 - Peninsula Campaign

He was over cautious. His great plan was to capture Richmond, Va. He was over cautious. His great plan was to capture Richmond, Va. but not by marching south. McClellan planned to have the US Navy but not by marching south. McClellan planned to have the US Navy move his army south to the Peninsula. When getting off the boats, move his army south to the Peninsula. When getting off the boats, the Union Army was only 25 miles from Richmond, VA. With over the Union Army was only 25 miles from Richmond, VA. With over 110,000 men, delayed his attack and asked Lincoln for more men. 110,000 men, delayed his attack and asked Lincoln for more men. A swift move on to Richmond probably would have won the war for A swift move on to Richmond probably would have won the war for the North, but by the time McClellan struck, the Confederacy had re-the North, but by the time McClellan struck, the Confederacy had re-enforced Richmond. On May 31, 1862, when McClellan did attack, enforced Richmond. On May 31, 1862, when McClellan did attack, he found that the Confederates were attacking him and his army he found that the Confederates were attacking him and his army was divided by the many rivers in the area. During the battle the was divided by the many rivers in the area. During the battle the Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston was severely injured and Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston was severely injured and had to give up his command to Robert E. Lee. Lee continued to had to give up his command to Robert E. Lee. Lee continued to push McClellan, who retreated, meanwhile, Lee sent General push McClellan, who retreated, meanwhile, Lee sent General Jackson northwest to attack other Union brigades, giving McClellan Jackson northwest to attack other Union brigades, giving McClellan the idea that the Confederacy was about to attack Washington, DC. the idea that the Confederacy was about to attack Washington, DC. McClellan left the Virginia Peninsula and sailed back to Washington.McClellan left the Virginia Peninsula and sailed back to Washington.

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862

The Battle of the The Battle of the Ironclads,Ironclads,

March, 1862March, 1862The Monitor

vs.the Merrimac

The Monitor vs.

the Merrimac

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

Damage on the Deck of the Damage on the Deck of the MonitorMonitor

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

War in the East: 1861-War in the East: 1861-18621862

The Battle of AntietamThe Battle of Antietam

September 17, 1862 – Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862 – Battle of Antietam, Maryland. General Lee (South) fought with Maryland. General Lee (South) fought with McClellan (North). Lee had lost his plans while McClellan (North). Lee had lost his plans while moving north and the Union found them. Even moving north and the Union found them. Even with the plans, the North could not score a with the plans, the North could not score a decisive victory. decisive victory. After an all day battle, 13,000 Confederate and After an all day battle, 13,000 Confederate and 12,000 Union men lay casualties of war. 12,000 Union men lay casualties of war. However, it was the South who withdrew from However, it was the South who withdrew from the battlefield so technically the north won the the battlefield so technically the north won the battle. The north had finally won a battle.battle. The north had finally won a battle.

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the “Bloodiest Single Day of the

War”War”

25,000 25,000 casualtiescasualties

25,000 25,000 casualtiescasualties

September 17, September 17, 18621862September 17, September 17, 18621862

The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation

The E. P. said that all slaves in the areas The E. P. said that all slaves in the areas now in now in rebellionrebellion to the United States are to be set free. Lincoln to the United States are to be set free. Lincoln never said all slaves in the US because he was afraid of never said all slaves in the US because he was afraid of pushing the border states into the Confederacy.pushing the border states into the Confederacy.The Emancipation Proclamation went into effect Jan. 1, The Emancipation Proclamation went into effect Jan. 1, 1863.1863.Lincoln waited for an American victory to issue the E. P. Lincoln waited for an American victory to issue the E. P. because without a victory no one would take it seriously.because without a victory no one would take it seriously.The E.P. changed the war. England and France no The E.P. changed the war. England and France no longer thought of helping the South because if they did it longer thought of helping the South because if they did it would appear that they were fighting to preserve slavery.would appear that they were fighting to preserve slavery.

Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863Emancipation in 1863

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

TheTheEmancipatiEmancipati

ononProclamatioProclamatio

nn

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

The Southern View of The Southern View of EmancipationEmancipation

Free BlacksFree Blacks

When the war began blacks were not allowed to When the war began blacks were not allowed to fight.fight.Frederick Douglas, an abolitionist from Frederick Douglas, an abolitionist from Massachusetts, was able to convince Abe. Massachusetts, was able to convince Abe. Lincoln that the black man would fight to free Lincoln that the black man would fight to free other blacks, eventually 180,000 blacks served other blacks, eventually 180,000 blacks served in the Union Army and another 20,000 served in in the Union Army and another 20,000 served in the Union Navy.the Union Navy.Sixteen African-Americans won the Medal of Sixteen African-Americans won the Medal of Honor for bravery.Honor for bravery.

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

African-American Recruiting African-American Recruiting PosterPoster

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

The Famous 54The Famous 54thth MassachusettsMassachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

August Saint-Gaudens August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Memorial to Col. Robert

Gould ShawGould Shaw

African-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War BattlesAfrican-AmericansAfrican-Americansin Civil War Battlesin Civil War Battles

Black Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing SlavesBlack Troops Freeing Slaves

Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed

Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress

Extensive Legislation Extensive Legislation PassedPassed

Without the South in Without the South in CongressCongress

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)

1863 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – National Bank Act

1861 – Morrill Tariff Act

1862 – Homestead Act

1862 – Legal Tender Act

1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)

1863 – Pacific Railway Act

1863 – National Bank Act

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

The Road to The Road to Gettysburg: 1863Gettysburg: 1863

Fredericksburg and Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, VA.Chancellorsville, VA.

The South won one of its greatest victories in the The South won one of its greatest victories in the winter of 1862 at Fredericksburg where they winter of 1862 at Fredericksburg where they defeated Ambrose Burnside (the Next Union defeated Ambrose Burnside (the Next Union supreme commander).supreme commander).

At Chancellorsville, the South under Robert E. At Chancellorsville, the South under Robert E. Lee defeated Joe Hooker (the next supreme Lee defeated Joe Hooker (the next supreme Union commander). At this battle, Lee was Union commander). At this battle, Lee was outnumbered two to one but divided his forces outnumbered two to one but divided his forces and won the battle; however General stonewall and won the battle; however General stonewall Jackson died at this battle).Jackson died at this battle).

Gettysburg, PAGettysburg, PA

Gettysburg, PA.Gettysburg, PA.

Believing he could not lose, it was obvious that God was on his side Believing he could not lose, it was obvious that God was on his side (at least to him it was obvious) Lee took his army north into (at least to him it was obvious) Lee took his army north into Pennsylvania one month after his victory at Chancellorsville.Pennsylvania one month after his victory at Chancellorsville.

The Confederacy was convinced that if they defeated a Union Army The Confederacy was convinced that if they defeated a Union Army in the North, that the north would give up the will to fight.in the North, that the north would give up the will to fight.

General George Meade was now in charge of the Union troops. He General George Meade was now in charge of the Union troops. He rushed to intercept Lee’s Army. rushed to intercept Lee’s Army.

July 1 – 3, 1863 -During the three day battle, over 200,000 men July 1 – 3, 1863 -During the three day battle, over 200,000 men (between the two armies) clashed and over 50,000 men became (between the two armies) clashed and over 50,000 men became casualties of war. The countryside was littered with bodies, nearly casualties of war. The countryside was littered with bodies, nearly every structure was used as a field hospital, streams ran blood red every structure was used as a field hospital, streams ran blood red and it took until November to clean up the area and bury the dead.and it took until November to clean up the area and bury the dead.

The High Tide of the ConfederacyThe High Tide of the Confederacy

The Confederates won the first day by driving the Union troops from The Confederates won the first day by driving the Union troops from the town, but the Union troops reformed their lines on the high the town, but the Union troops reformed their lines on the high ground. On the second day the Confederates attempted to move ground. On the second day the Confederates attempted to move the Union troops from the high ground but failed. On the third day the Union troops from the high ground but failed. On the third day General Lee (South) ordered a concentrated attack upon on General Lee (South) ordered a concentrated attack upon on segment of the Union line. The charge is remembered as Pickett’s segment of the Union line. The charge is remembered as Pickett’s Charge for the man who led the attack. 15,000 troops marched Charge for the man who led the attack. 15,000 troops marched across an open field over a mile long. As soon as they emerged across an open field over a mile long. As soon as they emerged from the safety of the trees they were under artillery fire, as they got from the safety of the trees they were under artillery fire, as they got closer the Union used their rifles to pick off the charging closer the Union used their rifles to pick off the charging Confederates. Very few Confederates reached the Union troops. Confederates. Very few Confederates reached the Union troops. The attack was a complete failure – Lee was not invincible – the The attack was a complete failure – Lee was not invincible – the Confederates retreated to Virginia.Confederates retreated to Virginia.

Gettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualtiesGettysburg Gettysburg CasualtiesCasualties

Confederate dead at GettysburgConfederate dead at Gettysburg

Gettysburg, PAGettysburg, PA

Confederate SharpshooterConfederate Sharpshooter

Same dead guy, different location. Same dead guy, different location.

The Gettysburg Address, The Gettysburg Address, Nov. 1863Nov. 1863

In November, President Lincoln came to In November, President Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate a small piece of Gettysburg to dedicate a small piece of the battlefield as a cemetery. He the battlefield as a cemetery. He delivered the Gettysburg Address which delivered the Gettysburg Address which has become known as the noblest has become known as the noblest expression of the purpose of the Civil expression of the purpose of the Civil War and the ideals of American War and the ideals of American democracy. democracy.

""Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.here, but it can never forget what they did here.

It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.perish from the earth." "

So, why are we fighting this war?So, why are we fighting this war?

To preserve the UnionTo preserve the Union

To bring forth a “new birth of freedom” by To bring forth a “new birth of freedom” by freeing the slavesfreeing the slaves

For all of those who gave theFor all of those who gave the “last full “last full measure of devotion.” So that all of measure of devotion.” So that all of those who died shall not have died in those who died shall not have died in vain. vain.

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

The War The War in in

the West, the West, 1863:1863:

VicksburgVicksburg

Cutting the South in Two: General Cutting the South in Two: General Ulysses S. Grant is the ManUlysses S. Grant is the Man

The Union plan in the West was to take control of the Mississippi The Union plan in the West was to take control of the Mississippi River so as to divide the South into two parts. River so as to divide the South into two parts.

The Union general in the West was Ulysses S. Grant, a West Point The Union general in the West was Ulysses S. Grant, a West Point graduate with a poor record but a fine military record in the Mexican graduate with a poor record but a fine military record in the Mexican War. When the Mexican war ended, Grant quit the military and tried War. When the Mexican war ended, Grant quit the military and tried several different jobs; he also had problems with alcohol.several different jobs; he also had problems with alcohol.

Grant often did not wear his own uniform, but rather wore the Grant often did not wear his own uniform, but rather wore the uniform of a private because it was more comfortable. Grant also uniform of a private because it was more comfortable. Grant also did not stand erect like an officer should and he constantly chewed did not stand erect like an officer should and he constantly chewed and smoked cigars.and smoked cigars.

After his victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the After his victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Mississippi, Grant received the nickname “Unconditional Surrender” Mississippi, Grant received the nickname “Unconditional Surrender” Grant.Grant.

Vicksburg, MississippiVicksburg, Mississippi

In April 1862, the Union Navy under Capital David Farragut In April 1862, the Union Navy under Capital David Farragut captured New Orleans and Baton Rouge.captured New Orleans and Baton Rouge.

By fall 1862 only 250 miles of the Mississippi lay in the hands of the By fall 1862 only 250 miles of the Mississippi lay in the hands of the Confederates.Confederates.

General Grant decided to take Vicksburg, Mississippi – which was General Grant decided to take Vicksburg, Mississippi – which was situated on a bluff surrounded by swamps. Grant bombarded the situated on a bluff surrounded by swamps. Grant bombarded the Fort at Vicksburg but could not make a land attack upon the fort Fort at Vicksburg but could not make a land attack upon the fort because of the swamp so he land south of the fort and attacked it because of the swamp so he land south of the fort and attacked it from the other side. from the other side.

Grant lay a siege upon the city, nothing entered or exited the city. Grant lay a siege upon the city, nothing entered or exited the city. On July 4, 1863, one day after Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg, On July 4, 1863, one day after Lee’s defeat at Gettysburg, Vicksburg fell. The Union controlled the Mississippi River except for Vicksburg fell. The Union controlled the Mississippi River except for one small fort which soon after fell.one small fort which soon after fell.

The Northern Home frontThe Northern Home front

Everyone realized that the war was going to take Everyone realized that the war was going to take a long time to be won.a long time to be won.Some Northerners began to doubt the North’s Some Northerners began to doubt the North’s chances to win. chances to win. People who were called Copperheads (after the People who were called Copperheads (after the popular snake) were sympathetic to the South popular snake) were sympathetic to the South and wanted to either let them go their own way and wanted to either let them go their own way or re-form the Union and forget the slavery or re-form the Union and forget the slavery agitation. Some helped supply the south with agitation. Some helped supply the south with weapons. weapons.

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

The North The North Initiates Initiates

the Draft, the Draft, 18631863

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

Buy Your Way Out of Buy Your Way Out of Military ServiceMilitary Service

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Irish Immigrants Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYCin NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYCRecruiting Blacks in NYC

Draft Riots in the NorthDraft Riots in the North

Many northerners protested being drafted Many northerners protested being drafted into a war where they were expected to into a war where they were expected to fight in order to free slaves. America was fight in order to free slaves. America was a racist country, both north and south.a racist country, both north and south.Draft riots took place in July 1863.Draft riots took place in July 1863.The largest race riot in US history The largest race riot in US history happened in NYC where Irish immigrants happened in NYC where Irish immigrants race wild for days killing all the blacks they race wild for days killing all the blacks they could find.could find.

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

A “Pogrom” Against A “Pogrom” Against BlacksBlacks

Shortages in the SouthShortages in the South

Shortage of money – did not want to tax the southern Shortage of money – did not want to tax the southern states too heavily because taxes were one reason for states too heavily because taxes were one reason for the war.the war.Blockade stopped many deliveries from Europe and Blockade stopped many deliveries from Europe and Central America.Central America.Shortage of clothes and shortages of uniforms for Shortage of clothes and shortages of uniforms for soldiers so fought barefoot.soldiers so fought barefoot.Cotton Diplomacy failed – Before the war the South Cotton Diplomacy failed – Before the war the South believed that England and France would help the south believed that England and France would help the south because they needed cotton; this was not the case because they needed cotton; this was not the case because they had stock piled cotton because they knew because they had stock piled cotton because they knew the war was coming.the war was coming.Shortage of troops in the south led to the first draft in Shortage of troops in the south led to the first draft in America history. Planters were exempt from the draft.America history. Planters were exempt from the draft.

Inflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the SouthInflation in the South

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

Grant’s Campaign:Grant’s Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

Grant’s Campaign:Grant’s Campaign:1864-18651864-1865

Grant Takes Charge in the EastGrant Takes Charge in the East

Lincoln wanted Grant to fight Lee so he Lincoln wanted Grant to fight Lee so he replaced General George Meade with replaced General George Meade with General Ulysses S. Grant. General Grant General Ulysses S. Grant. General Grant was bestowed the highest military title of was bestowed the highest military title of anyone since Washington. Grant was anyone since Washington. Grant was named “general in chief” of all United named “general in chief” of all United States military forces. States military forces.

Spring 1864 Campaign: Spring 1864 Campaign: A War of AttritionA War of Attrition

Grant’s offensive for spring 1864 was two Grant’s offensive for spring 1864 was two pronged attack upon the South. He took pronged attack upon the South. He took the Army of the Potomac and fought the Army of the Potomac and fought Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. His good friend General William His good friend General William Tecumseh Sherman took control of the Tecumseh Sherman took control of the Western Union army and marched from Western Union army and marched from Chattanooga to Atlanta.Chattanooga to Atlanta.

Grant Versus leeGrant Versus lee

In May 1864, Grant headed South with over 100,000 In May 1864, Grant headed South with over 100,000 men where he met Lee with about 51,000 men and they men where he met Lee with about 51,000 men and they engaged in what was called the engaged in what was called the Battle of the wildernessBattle of the wilderness. . During the battle the Union troops suffered tremendous During the battle the Union troops suffered tremendous loses –18,000, far more than the Confederates.loses –18,000, far more than the Confederates.Most Union generals would have retreated, but Grant Most Union generals would have retreated, but Grant pushed on towards Richmond, Va. Grant and lee pushed on towards Richmond, Va. Grant and lee clashed again at clashed again at Spotsylvania Court HouseSpotsylvania Court House where where 12,000 Union troops fell in a single day. 12,000 Union troops fell in a single day. A few days later Grant attacked Lee again, this time at A few days later Grant attacked Lee again, this time at The Battle of Cold HarborThe Battle of Cold Harbor, Va. During the battle over , Va. During the battle over 7,000 Union soldiers died in less than an hour.7,000 Union soldiers died in less than an hour.

Grant versus Lee ContinuedGrant versus Lee Continued

After one month of fighting General Grant lost After one month of fighting General Grant lost 55,000 men, Lee lost 31,000. However, Grant 55,000 men, Lee lost 31,000. However, Grant kept pushing on because he could easily replace kept pushing on because he could easily replace his troops, Lee could not. Grant could not get to his troops, Lee could not. Grant could not get to Richmond because Lee managed to stay in Richmond because Lee managed to stay in between Richmond and Grant. between Richmond and Grant. In June 1864 Grant crossed the James River to In June 1864 Grant crossed the James River to strike at Petersburg, South of Richmond. For strike at Petersburg, South of Richmond. For nine months Grant lay siege to Petersburg. Both nine months Grant lay siege to Petersburg. Both armies built trenches around the city of armies built trenches around the city of Petersburg. Petersburg was important because Petersburg. Petersburg was important because it supplied Richmond with goods and supplies. it supplied Richmond with goods and supplies.

Trench Warfare at Petersburg, Trench Warfare at Petersburg, VirginiaVirginia

General Grant: The ButcherGeneral Grant: The Butcher

Many people in north did not like Grant Many people in north did not like Grant because so many of his men died. He was because so many of his men died. He was called “The Butcher” because it seemed as called “The Butcher” because it seemed as though he did not have any regard for human though he did not have any regard for human life – the fact is that Grant wanted to end the life – the fact is that Grant wanted to end the war, not drag it out so he kept attacking when war, not drag it out so he kept attacking when most generals would have retreated.most generals would have retreated.

Henry Adams on General GrantHenry Adams on General Grant

He had no right to exist. He should have been He had no right to exist. He should have been extinct for ages. The idea that, as society grew extinct for ages. The idea that, as society grew older, it grew one-sided, upset evolution, and older, it grew one-sided, upset evolution, and made of education a fraud. That, two thousand made of education a fraud. That, two thousand years after Alexander the Great and Julius years after Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, a man like Grant should be called—and Caesar, a man like Grant should be called—and should actually and truly be—the highest product should actually and truly be—the highest product of the most advanced evolution, made evolution of the most advanced evolution, made evolution ludicrous. The progress of evolution from ludicrous. The progress of evolution from President Washington to President Grant, was President Washington to President Grant, was alone evidence enough to upset Darwin. alone evidence enough to upset Darwin.

The burial crew at Cold Harbor, The burial crew at Cold Harbor, VirginiaVirginia

The unburied dead at Gaines Mill, The unburied dead at Gaines Mill, the same field as Cold harborthe same field as Cold harbor

Grant at Cold HarborGrant at Cold Harbor

Embalming Services in Embalming Services in the Union Campthe Union Camp

Lincoln and McClellan at the Lincoln and McClellan at the Peninsula CampaignPeninsula Campaign

Burnside’s Bridge: Antietam, MDBurnside’s Bridge: Antietam, MD

Bloody Lane, AntietamBloody Lane, Antietam

Fredericksburg’s sunken roadFredericksburg’s sunken road

Abe Lincoln’s 1Abe Lincoln’s 1stst Inaugural Address Inaugural Address in front of the unfinished capitalin front of the unfinished capital

Confederate flag waving over Confederate flag waving over Fort SumterFort Sumter

The Fall of AtlantaThe Fall of Atlanta

While General Lee and Petersburg were under While General Lee and Petersburg were under siege, Sherman advanced towards Atlanta. With siege, Sherman advanced towards Atlanta. With over 100,000 men, Sherman battled with over 100,000 men, Sherman battled with General Joseph Johnston who had less than General Joseph Johnston who had less than 60,000 men. Johnston refused to attack the 60,000 men. Johnston refused to attack the union Army head on so he was replaced by union Army head on so he was replaced by Jefferson Davis with General John B. Hood. Jefferson Davis with General John B. Hood.

Sherman marched into Atlanta on September 2, Sherman marched into Atlanta on September 2, 1864, when John B. Hood fled North into 1864, when John B. Hood fled North into Tennessee abandoning Atlanta.Tennessee abandoning Atlanta.

1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election1864 Election

Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R)Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

George McClellan George McClellan (D)(D)

The Presidential Election of 1864The Presidential Election of 1864

Abraham Lincoln thought that he was going to Abraham Lincoln thought that he was going to lose the election of 1864 because many people lose the election of 1864 because many people wanted the war to end. wanted the war to end. Lincoln’s main competition for president came Lincoln’s main competition for president came from the peace Democrat General George B. from the peace Democrat General George B. McClellan. If McClellan was elected he planned McClellan. If McClellan was elected he planned to make peace with the South and grant them to make peace with the South and grant them their independence.their independence.The work of Grant and Sherman was able to The work of Grant and Sherman was able to push the public sentiment in favor of Lincoln push the public sentiment in favor of Lincoln because it finally looked like the North was going because it finally looked like the North was going to win the war.to win the war.

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

The Peace Movement: The Peace Movement: CopperheadsCopperheads

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

Clement Clement VallandighamVallandigham

1864 1864 CopperheaCopperhea

d d Campaign Campaign

PosterPoster

1864 1864 CopperheaCopperhea

d d Campaign Campaign

PosterPoster

Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads

in 1864in 1864

Cartoon Lampoons Cartoon Lampoons Democratic Copperheads Democratic Copperheads

in 1864in 1864

Presidential Presidential Election Election Results:Results:

18641864

Presidential Presidential Election Election Results:Results:

18641864

Sherman’sSherman’s“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

Sherman’sSherman’s“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman’s March to the Sea “I will make Georgia howl”“I will make Georgia howl”

After Lincoln’s election, Sherman burned Atlanta and a 110 mile After Lincoln’s election, Sherman burned Atlanta and a 110 mile X 60 mile wide path from Atlanta to Savannah. X 60 mile wide path from Atlanta to Savannah. This was the concept of total war. Men, women, children, This was the concept of total war. Men, women, children, horses, chicken, cows and every other living thing was subject horses, chicken, cows and every other living thing was subject to war. Along the way Sherman burned every field, building and to war. Along the way Sherman burned every field, building and destroyed every piece of railroad for over 100 miles.destroyed every piece of railroad for over 100 miles.On December 21, 1864 Sherman entered Savannah, GA. The On December 21, 1864 Sherman entered Savannah, GA. The people of Savannah surrendered the city without a fight so people of Savannah surrendered the city without a fight so Sherman did not burn the city. After cutting his ties with Sherman did not burn the city. After cutting his ties with everyone for over a month, Sherman telegraphed Abe. Lincoln everyone for over a month, Sherman telegraphed Abe. Lincoln and offered him Savannah, GA as a Christmas present.and offered him Savannah, GA as a Christmas present.After Savannah, Sherman marched north through Columbia, After Savannah, Sherman marched north through Columbia, which he burned, and north into North Carolina. Gen. Joseph E. which he burned, and north into North Carolina. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered the Confederate Army of Tennessee to Johnston surrendered the Confederate Army of Tennessee to Sherman. Sherman.

William T. ShermanWilliam T. Sherman

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865Address, March 4, 1865

With malice toward none; with charity for With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow, and borne the battle, and for his widow, and his orphan – to do all which may achieve his orphan – to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations. among ourselves, and with all nations.

Abe. Lincoln’s 2Abe. Lincoln’s 2ndnd Inaugural AddressInaugural Address

The Civil War as a modern warThe Civil War as a modern war

Railroad to transport troops to the front linesRailroad to transport troops to the front linesTelegraph for field officers to communicate with Telegraph for field officers to communicate with generals and presidentgenerals and presidentPhotography brought the war to the home frontPhotography brought the war to the home frontTrench warfareTrench warfareField hospitals (beginning of the Red Cross)Field hospitals (beginning of the Red Cross)Draft forced individuals to fight the warDraft forced individuals to fight the warConcept of “total war” war against everyone and Concept of “total war” war against everyone and everything, not just individualseverything, not just individualsColored troops – blacks in the militaryColored troops – blacks in the militaryGrenades, land mines and sea minesGrenades, land mines and sea minesIronclad ships – armor platted ships Ironclad ships – armor platted ships Prisoner of war camps – to detain troopsPrisoner of war camps – to detain troops

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at Surrender at AppomattoxAppomattox

April 9, 1865April 9, 1865

Surrender at AppomattoxSurrender at Appomattox

After 9 months of siege at Petersburg, VA, Lee After 9 months of siege at Petersburg, VA, Lee finally broke out and headed west towards the finally broke out and headed west towards the Appalachian Mountains. Grant stopped him at Appalachian Mountains. Grant stopped him at Appomattox, VA and forced a battle. Lee led the Appomattox, VA and forced a battle. Lee led the last battle of the war on horseback in an attempt last battle of the war on horseback in an attempt to rally his troops. to rally his troops. After the battle, Lee realized that he needed to After the battle, Lee realized that he needed to surrender the rest of his troops.surrender the rest of his troops.At the surrender Lee looked like a gentleman –At the surrender Lee looked like a gentleman –Grant dressed in a dirty private’s uniform, Grant dressed in a dirty private’s uniform, chewed on a cigar and looked like a slob. chewed on a cigar and looked like a slob.

Appomattox Courthouse, VAAppomattox Courthouse, VA

Wilmer McLean House The Wilmer McLean House The surrender took place in this housesurrender took place in this house

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Casualties on Both Casualties on Both SidesSides

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War CasualtiesCivil War Casualtiesin Comparison to Other in Comparison to Other

WarsWars

Civil War TechnologyCivil War Technology

Single shot musket – (both sides had these basic weapons of Single shot musket – (both sides had these basic weapons of war)war)Rifle barreled gun – (The Union had most of these, they shot 3x Rifle barreled gun – (The Union had most of these, they shot 3x further and were much more accurate than the musket)further and were much more accurate than the musket)Breech loading rifle (7 shot) Union cavalry issueBreech loading rifle (7 shot) Union cavalry issueCannon (smooth bore) – (both sides had these basic cannons)Cannon (smooth bore) – (both sides had these basic cannons)Rifled cannon – (shot further than smooth bore cannon and much Rifled cannon – (shot further than smooth bore cannon and much more accurate) (Union had most of these)more accurate) (Union had most of these)Machine gun - (Gatling gun) (The Union had these but did not use Machine gun - (Gatling gun) (The Union had these but did not use them much because they often blew up)them much because they often blew up)Hot air balloon - (observation used by both sides)Hot air balloon - (observation used by both sides)Submarine - (Confederacy)Submarine - (Confederacy)Sea Mines – (Confederacy) used to break Union blockadeSea Mines – (Confederacy) used to break Union blockadeCalvary – spies and surprise attacksCalvary – spies and surprise attacks

The Lincoln AssassinationThe Lincoln Assassination

Why would anyone want to kill this man. The Why would anyone want to kill this man. The war is over……………………….. Right?????war is over……………………….. Right?????

There was a plan in place to kill the President, There was a plan in place to kill the President, Vice President and the Secretary of State that Vice President and the Secretary of State that night. Lincoln died and secretary of State night. Lincoln died and secretary of State William Seward was stabbed multiple times in William Seward was stabbed multiple times in his bed while he slept and was left for dead. The his bed while he slept and was left for dead. The assassin assigned to VP Johnson got drunk assassin assigned to VP Johnson got drunk instead of completing his job. instead of completing his job.

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater (April 14, (April 14, 1865)1865)

The AssassinThe AssassinThe AssassinThe Assassin

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

The AssassinationThe AssassinationThe AssassinationThe Assassination

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

WANTED~WANTED~~!!~!!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

Now He Belongs to the Now He Belongs to the Ages!Ages!

The ExecutionThe ExecutionThe ExecutionThe Execution

Grand Review of the Army in DCGrand Review of the Army in DC

Union Prisoner of WarUnion Prisoner of War

Execution of Captain Henry WertzExecution of Captain Henry Wertz