The Era of Good Feelings

The End of the Federalists

• War of 1812– 1814-Feds hold Hartford

Convention– Propose Amendments to

Constitution• Attempt to break the hold

of Virginia– Bad News

• War ends• Feds look bad• Party is virtually dead

James Monroe• Elected 1816• Ends the VP being loser• Federalist party dead

– Little opposition for Monroe

• First term is known as the “Era of Good Feelings”– A lot got done because

both houses and president worked together

Accomplishments

• Adams-Onis Treaty– America gains Florida

from Spain• Second Bank of the

United States (BUS)– Rechartered in 1816 for

20 years• 1st Seminole War– America victorious in

1819

The American System• Proposed by Henry Clay (S-

Kentucky)• 3 part system

– Tariff to protect and promote American industry

– National Bank to foster commerce

– federal subsides for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture

Monroe Doctrine• Introduced Dec. 2, 1823• S. American nations on

verge of independence from Spain– US wants Europe out

• The Doctrine– Europe stay out of affairs in

the Americas– US will stay out of affairs in

Europe and their colonies– Breaking it will be seen as act

of aggression

End of Good Feelings

• Missouri Compromise– Splits pro and anti slavery

factions• Pro: want Missouri as slave

state and all LP territory open for it

• Anti: Want slavery abolished in LP territories

– Compromise• Missouri comes in as slave

state• No slavery north of 36°30'

north

The Death Nail• Election of 1824

– JQA v. Andrew Jackson• Majority for AJ

– War hero & spoke to republicanism

– Against the BUS• The “Corrupt Bargain”

– Election goes to House– Clay hates AJ– Urges congress to vote JQA

• He becomes sec. of state

The Marshall Court• Fletcher v. Peck- 1810

– Supreme court ruled state law unconstitutional for the 1st time

– Involved land grants from Georgia

– Later session of the state legislature tried to invalidate land grants• Grants obtained through bribery

and fruad

• Ruling: Constitution forbade states to “impair the obligation of contracts”

• Dartmouth College v. Woodward-1819– Upheld sanctity of contracts– NH legislature tried to revise

college charter=public not private college

– Pres. Of university wanted it, trustees didn’t

– Original charter grated during colonial era

• Ruling: Contract could not be changed w/out consent of both parties

• McCulloch v. Maryland-1819– Upheld constitutionality of 2nd

BUS– Several states tried for force

branches of BUS out of business– State placed $15,000 tax on

Baltimore branch– 3 questions: did congress have

power to charter bank, could state tax a fed. Agency, who had supreme power state of fed. Gov’t

• Ruling: congress had implied powers, states could not tax the bank, fed. Gov’t supreme

• Johnson v. McIntosh-1823– Who has jurisdiction over indian

tribes– Tribes sold land to white settlers– Later, tribes sell land to fed

gov’t including some already sold

– US grants homestead rights on land already claimed

• Ruling: Only fed gov’t has right to purchase land from tribes not individual citizens or states

• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia- 1823– Cherokee Nation considered

themselves foreign nation so took case to SP

– Geogria passes law forbidding tibal legislature and courts

– Tribe was not foreign nation• Ruling: Tribes had special

status within nation, fed gov’t protects tribal welfare

• Gibbons v. Ogden-1824– Concerned the juridiction over

control of interstate commerce– NY awarded steamboat

company monopoly on passenger service across Hudson River across NJ

– States can only regulate commerce within own borders

– Allowed country to develop without retraints from states

• Ruling: Only fed gov’t has control over interstate commerce

• Worcester v. Georgia-1832– Most important tribal

decisions– Georgia said any US citizen

entering Cherokee territory had to have permission of governor

– Two missionaries sued– Tribes were sovereign entities

with authority• Ruling: Only federal gov’t

had ultimate authority over tribes