The Value of a High Quality Data

Digital Library

Ross WilkinsonAustralian National Data ServiceSeoul, December, 2015

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Outline The Value of Data The Value of a Data Library Trends The research data assets of Australia The challenges for Data Libraries The opportunities for Data Libraries Conclusions

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A growing Seoul: What data is needed to

research the best forms of growth for Seoul?

Data will come from government, environmental monitors, public transport data, research into urban design…

….just as most cities in the world

The data needs integration, protection, reliability

The data will need to be accessed through a single location

….an urban digital library3

What data environment is needed for: Understanding where and how

to build in bushfire prone areas Understanding the largest living

thing in Australia – the Great Barrier Reef

The effective use of Australia’s soil

?????

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Professor Peter Rathjen, VC of University of Tasmania:

“Why should Universities care about research data?”Reputation is very important to research institutions.Libraries can make a substantial contribution to that reputation.Libraries are known for their collections, so creating world class data collections can help a library build an institution’s reputation.

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What’s going on? Data is no longer a by-product of research Data is valuable Data practice is changing in many research

disciplines Funders and Government want more from their

research investments So do research institutional leadership

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Data Value Stronger research More efficient research Stronger partnerships More industry engagment – data as a trust builder

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The Value of Open Data ReportThe analysis in the report suggests that the value of data in Australia’s public research is at least $1.9 billion per annum and possibly up to $6 billion per annum – at 2012-13 levels of expenditure and activity.It is more valuable if it is available through appropriate research data infrastructuree.g. users of the British Atmospheric Data Centre report an average of 56% of their time working with data – that data is open and with appropriate tools.

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What if we could transform research effort..

By dramatically reducing the cost of gathering and publishing?? 10

Some Trends: Reproducible Science Open Science Open Data Data Citation Data Citation

Bibliometrics Data Journals

Data Repositories Trusted Data

Repositories FAIR Data Funded Fair Data

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Australian Research Data Activity Data Policy Capturing data valuable over long periods in

Marine, Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Ecosystems …for a wide range of research purposes

Supporting the storage of data Supporting the management of data Supporting the enhancement of data Building Institutional Research Data Capacity

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Research Data Policy ARC and NHMRC: Treat data as an asset Department of Environment: Requirement that

data is open, discoverable, and available Department of Education: The Australian Research

Data Infrastructure Strategy provides recommendations for coherent approach to research data and research data infrastructure

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Integrated Marine Observing System IMOS is designed to be a fully-

integrated, national system, observing at ocean-basin and regional scales, and covering physical, chemical and biological variables.

The IMOS Ocean Portal allows scientists to discover and explore data streams coming from the Facilities - some in near-real time, and all as delayed-mode, quality-controlled data. These data streams, long time-series that are 'under construction', represent the actual research infrastructure being created and developed by IMOS.

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Data is Transformative Governments are not investing in research data to

make life easier for researchers Investments in research data to enable societal

problems to be addressed This requires data to be in a form that allows a

wide variety of use

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AURIN – Urban data infrastructure How can I increase the value of my suburban

property development? How do I make it more “liveable” to attract more

buyers? Integrate data from developers, local government,

state government, federal government, mapping data, roads data, public transport maps….

Apply University of Melbourne developed “walkability” index 16

How do you develop suburbs that work for residents, developers and local government?

Along the Maribyrnong River, 10 km from Melbourne’s CBD, 128 ha of government land is ripe for redevelopment

It could accommodate 3000 dwellings and offices for 3000 people Planning a sustainable, liveable community integrated into its urban surrounds demands

information on transport, health services, environment, housing prices, recreation facilities and more

This comes from Federal and State government agencies, local councils, utilities and private companies

For Maribyrnong, data and 80 tools to manage it are being made available through the Australian Urban Research Intelligence Network (AURIN) and the Australian National Data Service (ANDS)

New tools—such as employment opportunities and walkability—are being added Similar projects can facilitate development across Australia’s cities and towns

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Australian National Data Service:

To make Australia’s research data assets more valuable for its researchers, research institutions and the nation

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So we need to transform:Data that are:

UnmanagedDisconnectedInvisibleSingle use

To Structured Collections that are:ManagedConnectedFindableReusable

so that researchers can easily publish, discover, access and use research data.

Value

Research Data Australia

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What worked well: Getting going Establish a “voice for data” Coherence of research data infrastructure Coordination of policy and infrastructure Establishing research institutions at the centre of research

data system Establishing a national system of infrastructure

complementing institutional and thematic infrastructure Establishing international cooperation

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Major Open Data Program Connecting mining data, to

research techniques, to industry exploration

Connecting twitter data to Jakarta map to analytics for managing flooding

Collecting tropical data to institutional strategy

Collecting ancient DNA for forming international partnerships for new results

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Achievements to Date: Australian Research Data Commons established 100,000 data collections are described and discoverable ANDS has formed partnerships with most Australian

universities and publicly funded research organisations Research Institutions have substantially greater research

data management capacity than 5 years ago Research data is on the agenda of DVC’s-R Jointly Australia has world leading research data

infrastructure Australia has a leading role in world research data

infrastructure through the Research Data Alliance23

Data Opportunities – and threats Data sharing is great for trust development Data openness challenges traditional business

models Data partners can be anywhere – EU is investing

€1.4B in open data to drive jobs and innovation

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From G. Boulton

Royal Society publishes “Science as an open enterprise” – written by Geoffrey Boulton

Influential in EU/UK

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FAIR Data – (FORCE 11)To be Findable:(meta)data are assigned a globally unique and eternally persistent identifier.data are described with rich metadata. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource.metadata specify the data identifier.To be Accessible: (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier the protocol is open, free, and universally implementablethe protocol allows for an authentication and authorization procedure, where necessary.metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available.

To be Interoperable:(meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation(meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data.To be Re-usable:meta(data) have a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes.(meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license(meta)data are associated with their provenance. (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards.

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EU Open Data “Pilot” 1.4B Euros as part of H2020 80% take up

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Data citation Data that is used

should be cited – just as other work is cited

Provides appropriate credit

Enables reproduction

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DataCite provides reliability

Agreed basic information: Creator (Publication year), Title, Publisher, Identifier

Suitably formatted DOI

Data citation works with.. ORCID – for people Crossref – for papers Fundref – for funders IGSN – for specimens … Can we measure the

value? Bibliometricians arise!

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Connection is key And the connections

should be machine operable

Research is more valuable if it is more connected

Data Journals

Geoscience Data Journal (Wiley)

Scientific Data (Nature) Journal of Open

Archaeology Data (Ubiquity)

Biodiversity Data Journal (Pensoft)

A means of describing the data – its formation, properties, usage

Enables recognition of a contribution

Enhances usage of the data

Enables “traditional” bibliometrics

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So data is more valuable if: It supports

Reproducible Science It supports Open

Science Is Open Is Citable Is published

Is reliably available Is available form a

reliable digital library Is FAIR It reliably uses the data

services that are discussed at ADLC 2015

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Advertisement: Research Data Alliance

- You may agree that data preservation is important- You may agree that international agreements are important- Using the Research Data Alliance working groups is a good way of getting wider agreement for issues that are important to you

Data Libraries (repositories):

Provide: Data storage Metadata storage Data access methods Data management

software Data analysis services? Data processing

services?

But also: Integrated approach

to content and metadata

Policies, processes, services, and people

Overall commitment to the stewardship of digital materials

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Trusted data repositories (libraries) Need for reliable data Trusted repositories:

Trusted Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) -ISO 16363 Data Seal of Approval e.g. Pacific and Regional Archive for

Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) Often required by publishers May be increasingly required (and funded) by

research funders

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The Opportunity Fully integrated publication of all outputs of a

scholarly endeavour with rich connection FAIR data in a trusted repository Fully explorable scholarly journals Researchers get much better exposure of their

research The outcomes are defensible New research and partners become available

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So that’s good… But a full function digital library has more to offer Where is the biggest saving in research? Where do the breakthroughs come from?

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From a bioinformatician – Matjaz Hren Biggest waste of time in research are: Meetings – need ELN integration Data entry – need automated data and metadata

capture tools Data search – need rich data catalogues

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Dan Steinberg, Salford Systems

In community of data miners and statistical modelers

Most working at major corporations supporting extensive analytical projects

Spend 80% of their effort in manipulating the data so that they can analyze it

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Ashley Buckle, Protein Chrystalographer Required to prepare rich descriptions of data for

associated publication Took he and a librarian a week of effort A tool that automated the capture of data from

the synchrotron, migrated it, added metadata, added project information, added DOI

Takes 15 minutes to prepare data

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Long Term Ecological Research NetworkFrom the report at http://knowledgeinfrastructures.org:

"Our call for methodological and collaborative innovation is best explained via an analogy in the natural sciences. Twenty years ago, the average ecologist worked on a patch of land no larger than a hectare, typically for a few months or a year, gathered data over a thirty-year career, published results, and then gradually lost the data. With the creation of the Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTER), the National Science Foundation began to change the nature of research. Today, at a number of sites nationally and in consonance with international projects, ecologists are able to look beyond the scale of a field and timeframe of a career: they now have the prospect of studying ecology and climate locally, nationally, globally, and over spans of time that more closely match those of ecological change.

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So research is changing More, and more complex data Its getting harder to wade through it Yet insight is often connecting the pieces, seeing

patterns, using new techniques…not being a poor information professional with

home grown data and tools

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A key role: A data library AND a data librarian can play a key

role in reducing both the cost of data capture, gathering, preparation, as well as data publication

Thus effort is transferred from researchers to information systems and information professionals

..to where it should be because it saves money, and adds reliability to research

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What’s needed of a digital repository? You can find the data you’ve generated or need You can open the data you’ve generated or need You understand what the data is and what it’s

about You can use or work with the data in the way you

need You trust the data is what is says it is

Managing Digital Continuity UK National Archives 2011

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So we really can change the picture:

By dramatically reducing the cost of gathering and publishing, through reliable data libraries and librarians

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Big data: Data size, complexity, reliability

Conclusions Research data is valuable It should be expected that the data underpinning

findings are available for scrutiny Far greater value is available, especially if it is

findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable This is helped if data is collected, used and

published with reliable data libraries

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48This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License

ANDS is supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).

Thank you!