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The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan. Building the Mongol War Machine. Mounted warriors Tumens ,10,000 troops Messenger force Adopted gunpowder, cannons. First Assault on the Islamic World: Conquest in China. Kara Khitai defeated Mongolian Khwarazm , Muhammad Shah II defeated - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Building the Mongol War Machine
• Mounted warriors• Tumens,10,000
troops• Messenger force• Adopted gunpowder,
cannons
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
First Assault on the Islamic World: Conquest in China
• Kara Khitai defeated– Mongolian
• Khwarazm, Muhammad Shah II defeated• Return to China
– Xi-Xia kingdom and Jin Empire (Northern China) destroyed
• Harsh, tolerant• Chinggis Khan
– Capital at Karakorum– Shamanistic
Tolerated other religions– New administration
• Commerce thrives
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Life Under the Mongol Imperium
• Harsh, tolerant• Chinggis Khan
– Capital at Karakorum– Shamanistic
Tolerated other religions– New administration
• Commerce thrives
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Death of Chinggis Khan and the Division of the Empire
• 1227, division of empire– Three sons,
one grandson -Kubilai
– Ogedei, third son Elected great
khan
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Mongol Drive to the West
• Golden Horde– Khan's tent
• Russia in the 1200s– Many kingdoms– Mongols (Tartars) invade
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Mongol Drive to the West
• Batu, grandson of Chinggis Khan– 1236, begins conquest of Russia– 1240, Kiev taken and sacked– Novgorod spared
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Mongol Empire and the Global Exchange Network
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Russia in Bondage
• Russians in vassalage to Golden Horde• Commerce benefits• Moscow thrives
– Metropolitan head of Orthodox church– Leads Russian resistance to Mongol
• Kulikova, 1380– Golden Horde defeated
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Mongol Incursions and the Retreat from Europe
• Hungary, 1240 - Death of Ogedei– Batu retreatsHulegu– Grandson of Chinggis KhanIlkhan– West to Mesopotamia, North Africa– 1258, Baghdad sacked– 1260, stopped by Baibars– Egyptian Mamluks
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Mongol Assault on the Islamic Heartlands
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Mongol Interlude inChinese History
• Ogedei renews attack on China• Kubilai Khan
– Grandson of Chinggis Khan– Attacks Song– 1271, transformation to Yuan dynasty– Capital at Tatu (Beijing)
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Gender Roles and the Convergence of Mongol and Chinese Culture
• Mongol women retain liberties• Chabi, wife of Kubilai, influential
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Mongol Tolerance and Foreign Cultural Influence
• Mongol patronage– Attracts scholars, artists
• Religious toleration– Buddhists, Nestorians, Latin Christians,
Daoists, Muslims• Marco Polo
– Visits court
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Social Policies and Scholar-Gentry Resistance
• Ethnic Chinese resist– Especially scholar-gentry
• Kubilai– Protects peasant lands– Famine relief– Tax, labor burden lessened
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Fall of the House of Yuan
• Death of Kubilai– Dynasty already weakened– Song revolt
• 1274, 1280, Japan attacked– Failure
• By 1350s, territory lost• Ju Yanzhang
– Founds Ming dynasty
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Aftershock: The Brief Ride of Timur
• Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane)– Turkish– Base at Samarkand
• 1360s, conquests– Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, Russia– 1405, death– Empire dissolves
Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved.
World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Questions• Why did the Mongols rule end? What happened?• In conclusion, what can we say about the Mongols? …or rather
what did they say about the Mongols?• Evaluate the Mongols based on what people said about them at
the time.
