THE TORAH.doc

8/20/2019 THE TORAH.doc

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THE TORAH

From Proto-Hebrew (Phoenician) to English

Script from Bet HaShem Midrash


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The Proto-Hebrew-Phoenician letters (above, on the left side), are the letters withwhich the Torah was first written (The s!"are bloc#, $haldean characters were

devised cent"ries later near the time of E%ra)

The more ancient Hebrew-Phoenician letters (above and below) were transformedinto the written lang"age of the &ree#s, and "sed b' the r"id scribes and Hebrew rohets of $entral and Eastern E"roe to embellish and interret the *aw Theseoracles were s"bse!"entl' bro"ght to Eg't in the cent"ries before the $hristian era

and translated into the +et"agint version of the ible (the Tanachor what iserroneously refered to as the Old Testamentt is ver' m"ch alive)


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with which the &osels were written before the' fo"nd their wa's into *atinandevent"all' into English and the .ing /ames 0ersion of the sacred +crit"res

A $ E F & H / . * 1 2 O P 3 R + T 4 0 5 6 7 8

From 99 letters to 9:

.ing /ames;...Behold, thou art wiser than Daniel; there is no secret they can hide from thee...

Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyrus, and say unto him, Thus

saith the Lord God; TH! S"#L"ST !$ TH" S!%, &!LL & '(SD% #)D

$"*&"+T () B"#!T

Thou hast -een in "den the garden of God...(E%e#iel 9, ?9,?>)

EA+T


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EE2, 2 THE 5E+T

Ten Sefirot and 22 pathways connecting them. These correspond to the 22 letters

of the ancient Hebrew alphabet, with which the Most High inscribed the Law

(Eod!s "2#$%,$&' and passed the neffable )ame down to the world.

*rom abo+e to below#

The i+ine )ame -HH (- / $0 H / % / & H / %' e1!als 2&. The *o!r

descending sefirot on the entral 3illar of the 4racle, $ 5 & 5 6 5 $0 / 2&. t

re1!ires the f!ll 2& letters of the English alphabet (the unknown tongue in the

time of hrist' to interpret the )ame in o!r time.

ear +hm"el,


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Orlando / +mith recommended 'o"r e@ertice to "s concerning the aleo HebrewAlef-bet The following message was forwarded to "s regarding the original te@t ofthe Torah f 'o" have information regarding the validit' of the following, wo"ld 'o"

lease enlighten "s Please e@c"se this intr"sion into 'o"r time, b"t we are tr"l'

see#ing The Tr"th and need assistance Todah Rabbah, +"san, 5illiam and arrell

Following is a segment of a m"ch more e@ha"stive aerThe most recent revision(B) ma' be fo"nd in its entiret' at htt=BBldolhinorgBbarr'chronhtml

THREE 1A2 0ER+O2+ FRO1 O2E OR&2A* TE6T=

From the time of E%ra and 2ehemiah (abo"t CCD $) "ntil the $o"ncil of /amnia(aro"nd ?DD A) there e@isted a 0orlage Te@t of the OT in Paleo-Hebrew This0orlage was essentiall' the original comlete Old Testament te@t 5ith time, the

0orlage gave rise to three recensions The first of these was the +amaritanPentate"ch (+P), again in Paleo-Hebrew, abo"t CD< $ Tobiah the Ammoniteallegedl' too# a co' of the *aw with him when he was cast o"t of the Temle b'

2ehemiah (?>=C - and E%ra C=? - C) And set " the rival s'stem of worshi in+amaria The +P was essentiall' a co' of the 0orlage Pentate"ch

The second recension was the +et"agint &ree# (*66) which was translated fromthe 0orlage Te@t abo"t 9D $ b' G9 /ewish scholars at Ale@andria This version

became necessar' beca"se of the n"mber of &ree#-sea#ing /ews that

were resident in Eg't "nder the favo"rable Ptolemaic 'nast' t has been noted b'most a"thorities that the *66 translation of the 0orlage Pentate"ch was artic"larl'caref"ll' done beca"se of its revered osition in the $anon

Finall', the 1asoretic Hebrew Te@t (1T) was re-written in s!"are modern Hebrewcharacters at the $o"ncil of /amnia aro"nd ?DD A, with the vowel oints addedaro"nd DD A n O"r ible and the Ancient man"scrits, C, (E're and+ottiswoode, *ondon), +ir Frederic# .en'on commented that this d"al roced"reco"ld easil' be one considerable so"rce of corr"tion in the 1T "t let "s "t thisall in its roer conte@t

The ead +ea +crolls And The $o"ncil Of /amnia

A ver' imortant article, that iminges on the !"estion of the best man"scrit to "sefor dating, was written b' +iegfried H Horn, Professor Emerit"s of Archaeolog' atAndrews 4niversit', errien +rings, 1ichigan t aeared in 1inistr' for

2ovember ?


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mortantl', these two gro"s of scrolls show two distinct te@t t'es Those re-dating GD A have a te@t that agrees with both the *66 and the OT !"otations "sed

b' $hrist and the Aostles in o"r 2ew Testament (2T) These !"otes were essentiall'from the original Hebrew 0orlage Those ost-dating ?DD A have a te@t virt"all'

identical with the 1asoretic Te@t in o"r resent OT The dividing line between thetwo te@t t'es came somewhere between GD and ?DD A 5hat haened to changethe te@t t'e; Remember, the original Hebrew (0orlage) version e@isted from theda's of E%ra and 2ehemiah The 1asoretic Hebrew can be traced directl' to ?DD A

As Professor horn oints o"t, the answer is the $o"ncil of /amnia held aro"nd ?DDA He states that A "nified te@t s"ddenl' became the standard at the end of the firstcent"r' and Ithe factJ that not one co' of a divergent te@t s"rvived (e@cet the ead+ea scrolls that had alread' been hidden when /amnia convened), indicate clearl' thatthe $o"ncil of /amnia m"st have ta#en actions in this matter

Rabbi A#iba ben /oseh was this $o"ncils "ndis"ted leader, tho"gh its chairmanwas 7ohannan ben 8a##ai (/ohn, the son of 8achariah; 2o, a later 7ohannan, onewho came in the name of the first) n his later 'ears, A#iba endorsed the rebellion ofar .o#ba against Rome, and s"orted him with his wealth, even endorsing him asthe 1essiah A#iba was event"all' cat"red and ta#en to Rome where he wase@ec"ted in ?>G A at the age of


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2ote that, e@cet for the *66, all other versions in Origens He@ala were siml'variations on the 1T F"rthermore, +ir Frederic# noted that Origens efforts werenot directed towards the recover' of the original form of the *66, b"t at bringing itinto harmon' with the 1asoretic Hebrew Te@t then c"rrent, and to do this he

introd"ced alterations into it with the "tmost freedom Fort"natel', in the 'ear :?GA isho Pa"l"s of Tella in 1esootamia made a +'riac translation that detailedOrigens alterations, so that the form of the original *66 was reserved for "s and istoda' still in e@istence

5HAT 5A+ 2 THE 0OR*A&E TE6T;

The 0orlage Te@t is !"oted in the scrolls from 3"mran and 1asada written rior to/amnia After that $o"ncil, the /ews "sed the new 1T e@cl"sivel' and destro'ed allother versions "t $hrist, the Aostles, and /oseh"s all !"ote from the 0orlage and

its *66 translation, as did the $h"rch Fathers

From the time of E%ra and 2ehemiah (abo"t CCD $) "ntil the co"ncil of /amnia(aro"nd) ?DD A) there e@isted a 0orlage te@t of the scrit"res This 0orlage te@t inPaleo-Hebrew gave rise to the samaritan entate"ch in aleo-hebrew (abo"t CDD $),the +et"agint &ree# (abo"t 9D $), and the 1asoretic Hebrew with s!"aremodern characters (abo"t ?DD A) with vowel oints added abo"t DD A The0orlage te@t is !"oted in scrolls from 3"mran and 1asada written rior to /amniaAfter that the /ews "sed the 1asoretic e@cl"sivel' $hrist, the aostles, and /oseh"s

!"ote from the 0orlage as did the ch"rch fathers, from their writings, it is aarentthat the +et"agint te@t is largel' correct

+halom 5illiam L +"san,ve invited +hm"el to comment on the 0orlage, b"t wanted to oint 'o" bac# to m'comment abo"t histor' changing ersective The et Ha+hem Paleo-Hebrew Torahdiscards the 1asoretic vowells and h'heni%ations b"t otherwise retains 1T wordforms Tho"gh a virt"al ret"rn to the 0orlage te@t was within the technicalcaabilities of the H1 comiler, he decided that those changes o"ght rather to come

b' concens"s The 1idrash is oen to ideas The BHM 3aleo7Hebrew Torah !rl ishttp#88www.crowndiamond.org. Bora *inton, 9dministrator

5e see no corr"tion in the wor# of the rabbis in the first cent"r' esite therealit'--the fact that the' co"ld not see f"ll' into the hidden str"ct"re of the worldabove them--the' were nevertheless commanded to b"ild a fence aro"nd the Torah,and to get inside of that fence themselves The' were commanded to be g"ardians ofthe Torah so that the *aw wo"ld not get lost in its own "niversal meanings, as itaccomanied both srael and the &entiles to the ends of the age and the f"lness oftime


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&or ( would not, -rethren, that ye should -e ignorant of this mystery, lest ye should

-e wise in your own conceits; that -lindness () $#*T is happened to (srael, until the

fulness of the Gentiles -e come in...(Romans ??=9-9


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:ead the 22 letters from East to ;est. :ead the 2& letters from ;est to East. Theenter of the Mystery is hidden right there between them.

The ancient Paleo-Hebrew scrit has a definite connection to the shae andconfig"ration of those R"nes that have been in "se thro"gho"t E"roe for "ntoldcent"ries 5hether the R"nes grew o"t of the Phoenician scrit, or the Phoenicianscrit was a erfection and alteration of the more ancient R"nes, others will decideThe oint is that the' both emerged o"t of the same ancient Atlantean tradition=

ANCIENT RUNES

WHAT ARE RUNES

In the most mundane sense, runes are an alphabet much as our ownalphabet and others such as the Greek and Cr!ll!c alphabets" Each runerepresents a sound and was#!s used to wr!te words w!th" $ut that !s !n themost %UN&ANE o' senses"

Runes were used lon( be'ore the concept o' wr!t!n( was around" Each rune !san archetpe o' a 'orce" )eople had concepts 'or such th!n(s as *!re, Honour,$!rth, et"al" and each o' these concepts were (!+en names to make them


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eas!er 'or us to comprehend" In th!s wa, runes are +er s!m!lar to the Hebrewalphabet" Each letter not onl has a sound and a name, but !s a completeword w!th all assoc!ated concepts" Th!s s!m!lar!t w!th Hebrew e-tends e+en'arther" Each hebrew word !s made o' se+eral Hebrew letters, there'ore each

Hebrew word !s made o' se+eral Hebrew words" (+"ch as the word Paradise,PR+ Psht, Rm%, rsh, +od)" The !n!t!al letters o' se+eral words !n a sentence,or o' the '!rst letters o' each sentence or para(raph ma be (athered to 'orma new word that !s used to help e-pla!n and e-pand upon what !s alreadwr!tten" The same can be done w!th runes"

Runes lend themsel+es read!l to numerolo(" The Run!c alphabet !s properlshown as three rows o' e!(ht letters" There'ore each letter can be !dent!'!edb row.column number" Add!t!onall, each rune has !ts se/uent!al number!dent!'!ed b !ts placement !n the alphabet" %uch l!ke us number!n( A as 0, $as 1, """ , and 2 as 13"

Each rune can be placed !n pos!t!on on a tree pattern much l!ke the trad!t!onal4abbalah" The ma represent the d!''erent worlds or paths o' the tree andcan be e-panded and e-pounded upon as much as the 4abbalah !tsel' !s" In'act, Run!c 4abbalah !s /u!te !ntr!(u!n( and does conta!n a l!'e o' stud 5as doall other 'acets o' Runework6" Runes can be used 'or 'ortunetell!n(" The canbe drawn and placed and read much l!ke tarot cards" The can be cast orstrewn and the relat!onsh!p o' (roup!n(s, d!stance and an(les and patterns

'ormed w!ll tell the caster what he w!shes to know"

Runes are also ent!t!es !n and o' themsel+es" %uch l!ke the an(els, pr!nces,demons, slphs, und!nes and watchtowers o' the ceremon!al ma(!c!an" Eachrune can be !n+oked or e+oked and the power harnessed to work ones w!ll toenl!(hten the !ntellect" The are a 'antast!c med!tat!on tool and w!ll alwas!ncrease ones knowled(e" %uch as the pr!mal elements o' Earth, Water, A!r,*!re and Sp!r!t, each rune also has !ts part !n the man!'estat!on o' all th!n(sman!'ested" Chaos, (rass, people, sunl!(ht, honour, dra(ons, hopes, and se-

are all replete w!th runes are could not e+er e-!st w!thout the run!c 'orce thatcreates, shapes, releases, destros and chan(es them" I ha+e e/uated runesto man other branches o' esoter!c, occult, phscolo(!cal and !ntellectualpursu!ts" Th!s !s !n the hopes that !' ou are alread 'am!l!ar or !nterested !none o' these, ou w!ll real!7e that runes are alread 'am!l!ar to ou or that ouare alread !nterested !n them and dont et real!7e !t"

%a ou approach the Well o' Wrd and ma our s!p there onl !ncreaseour th!rst"

8okr!en 9 The Sacred Gro+e


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The following is the wor# of ngrid Halvorsen at htt=BBs"nn'wa'comBr"nesB=

OR&2 OF THE R42E+

A reader directed me to a wonderf"l website called Omniglot, a g"ide to writings'stems, which ill"strates e@amles of vario"s alhabets of the world ' e@aminingsome of these we can begin to see the infl"ences which ma' have led to develomentof the &ermanicB2orse r"ne alhabets t is commonl' tho"ght that the Etr"scan and*atin alhabets were so"rces, b"t as 'o" will see below, there ma' have been others,also All of the data that follows are from the information and grahics from theOmniglot website

First, lets loo# at the maKor r"nic alhabets (called f"thar#s based "on the first si@s'mbols) There are man' other variants, b"t the Elder, Anglo-+a@on, and 7o"ngerF"thar#s are the most well-#nown

R"nes were "sed to write man' lang"ages incl"ding, &othic, &erman, Frisian,English, anish, +wedish, 2orwegian, celandic, *ith"anian, R"ssian, Hebrew andother +emitic lang"ages (d"e to trade relations with the .ha%ars, a +emitic tribe oftraders of the +il# Road)

The r"nes might be read from left to right or from right to left, even on the sameartifact Translation of r"nic inscritions is therefore e@tremel' diffic"lt, andcomlicated b' the fact that r"ne masters sometimes wrote cr'tic "%%les or insecret scrit

THE E*ER F4THAR.

The Elder F"thar# is tho"ght to be the oldest version of the r"nic alhabet, and was"sed in the arts of E"roe which were home to &ermanic eoles, incl"ding+candinavia Other versions robabl' develoed from it The names of the letters areshown in $ommon &ermanic, the reconstr"cted ancestor of all &ermanic lang"ages


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A2&*O-+A6O2 F4THAR.

A n"mber of e@tra letters were added to the r"nic alhabet to write Anglo-+a@onBOldEnglish R"nes were robabl' bo"ght to ritain in the th cent"r' b' the Angles,+a@ons, /"tes and Frisians (collectivel' #nown as the Anglo-+a@ons), and were "sed"ntil abo"t the ??th cent"r' R"nic inscritions are mostl' fo"nd on Kewelr',weaons, stones and other obKects 0er' few e@amles of r"nic writing onman"scrits have s"rvived IThe chart that follows is incomlete There are

additional A-+ r"nes, which 'o" can see hereJ

7O42&ER (OR +$A2A2A0A2) F4THAR.

This version of the r"nic alhabet was "sed soradicall' in +candinavia, in artic"lar in enmar# and +weden, "ntil abo"t the ?Gth cent"r' IThere are variantsof the 7o"nger F"thar# also, which 'o" can see hereJ


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The commonalit' of s'mbols of all of the following alhabets ma#es sense when oneconsiders the migration of ancient eoles from the east to the west The eole andlang"ages of northern E"roe are considered ndo-E"roean beca"se of thismigration ts not "nreasonable that c"stoms, lang"ages, alhabets, m'tholog', etcshare common origins +taggering, isnt itM

ETR4+$A2 A*PHAET+

The Etr"scan alhabet is tho"ght to have been develoed from the &ree# alhabet b' &ree# colonists in tal' The earliest #nown inscrition dates from the middle ofthe :th cent"r' $

1ore than ?D,DDD Etr"scan inscritions have been fo"nd on tombstones, vases,stat"es, mirrors and Kewelr' Fragments of a Etr"scan boo# made of linen have also

been fo"nd

1ost Etr"scan inscritions are written in hori%ontal lines from left to right, b"t someare bo"strohedon (r"nning alternatel' left to right then right to left)

4sed to write= Etr"scan, a lang"age so#en b' the Etr"scans, who lived in Etr"ria(T"scan' and 4mbria) between abo"t the


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The Old talic alhabets develoed from the west &ree# alhabet, which came total' via the &ree# colonies on +icil' and along the west coast of tal' The Etr"scansadated the &ree# alhabet to write Etr"scan sometime d"ring the :th cent"r' $, or

ossibl' earlier 1ost of the other alhabets "sed in tal' are tho"ght to have derived

from the Etr"scan alhabet

A2$E2T *AT2

The earliest #nown inscritions in the *atin alhabet date from the :th cent"r' $t was adated from the Etr"scan alhabet d"ring the Gth cent"r' $ The letters 7and 8 were ta#en from the &ree# alhabet to write &ree# loan words Other letterswere added from time to time as the *atin alhabet was adated for other lang"ages

FA*+$A2

1AR+A*A2A

1E++AP$

The 1essaic alhabet is tho"ght to have derived directl' from the &ree# alhabet,rather than develoing from the Etr"scan alhabet The onl' #nown inscritions inthe 1essaic alhabet date from the 9nd and ?st cent"ries $ The 1essaiclang"age was not related to other lang"ages of tal'


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1*E ARAT$ B +O4TH P$E2E

RO1A2 A*PHAET for *AT2

The Romans "sed K"st 9> letters to write *atin There were no lower case letters, and., 6, 7 and 8 "sed onl' for writing words of &ree# origin The letters /, 4 and 5were added to the alhabet at a later stage to write lang"ages other than *atin / is avariant of , 4 is a variant of 0, and 5 was introd"ced as a do"ble-v to ma#e adistinction between the so"nds we #now as v and w which was "nnecessar' in*atin

OTHER A*PHAET+

"t what other alhabets ma' have infl"enced r"nes; Remember that over themillennia there was a great migration of eole, sreading from the birthlace ofman#ind, in the middle east to what are now E"roe and northern Africa Ancient

eole did travel--a lot--and long before the 0i#ings became #nown as e@lorers andtraders

H42&ARA2 R42E+

H"ngarian r"nes (+%N#el' Rovsrs) are descended from the .Q# T"r#i scrit "sedin $entral Asia The' were "sed b' the +%N#ler 1ag'ars in H"ngar' before stvn,the first $hristian #ing of H"ngar', ordered all re-$hristian writings to be destro'edn remote arts of Trans'lvania however, the r"nes were still "sed " "ntil the ?


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T4R.+H R42E+

The "er r"ne rows are the Elder F"thar# variants The lower r"ne row shows theT"r#ish R"nes and their honetic e!"ivalents

+O4TH ARAA2 A*PHAET

The +o"th Arabian alhabet is #nown from inscritions fo"nd in so"thern Arabiadating from between :DD $ and :DD A ts origins are not #nown The +o"thArabian alhabet, li#e Arabic and Hebrew, incl"des onl' consonants t was writtenfrom right to left in hori%ontal lines The to row of letters are written in mon"mentalst'le, while the bottom row of letters are in c"rsive st'le

The +abaean or +abaic alhabet is one of the so"th Arabian alhabets The oldest#nown inscritions in this alhabet date from abo"t DD $ ts origins are not#nown, tho"gh one theor' is that it develoed from the 'blos alhabet The +abaeanalhabet, li#e Arabic and Hebrew, incl"des onl' consonants 4nli#e Arabic andHebrew, +abaean has no s'stem for vowel indication n most inscritions it is writtenfrom right to left, in some it is written in bo"strohedon st'le (alternating right to leftand left to right) t was "sed to write +abaean, an e@tinct +emitic lang"age so#en in+aba, the biblical +heba, in so"thwestern Arabia The +abaeans managed to "niteso"thern Arabia into a single state b' the >rd cent"r' A, b"t were con!"ered b' the

Ab'ssinians in 9 A


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%a(!cal Alphabets. Secrets : S!(n!'!cance ;' Anc!ent Scr!pts


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The r"nes of the Elder F"thar# are an ancient 2orse or Te"tonic s'stem of writing,and the' are also orac"lar devices which have been in "se in E"roe and celandsince abo"t CDD $E "ring the eriod from CDD $E to ?:DD $E the' also served as as'stem of comm"nications, a wa' of writing and rela'ing information There is a

wealth of r"nic inscritions s"rviving from ancient times, incl"ding man' inscritionsin 2orth America, and this lends s"ort to historical theories that it was the 0i#ingswho reall' discovered 2orth America, and that the' traveled widel' on this continentcent"ries before the arrival of $ol"mb"s on o"r shores

The word r"ne means vario"sl', tree, secret whiser, m'ster' or hidden,and it can be alied to a whole gro" of 2orse or Te"tonic alhabets which were

robabl' develoed for divination and magic - we #now that the r"nes have been"sed for arcane "roses since ancient times Each r"ne has a "ni!"e attern, anintrinsic meaning and characteristics above and be'ond its ordinar' significance K"stas one character in an alhabet +ingl' or in gro"s, the r"nic atterns are a wa' of"nloc#ing and "nderstanding the invisible or hidden realities of ones e@istence Eachr"nic name is a "ni!"e term embod'ing hilosohical concets which were of

rofo"nd imortance to the ancient eole who first "sed the r"nes The r"nesreresent elemental or f"ndamental forces of nat"re and of the sirit each r"ne withits own tale and its own association with a god of the 2orse or Te"tonic antheon

The m'thological origin of the r"nes is significant, and Te"tonic m'tholog' andfol#lore sea# of the sacrifice of Odin, highest of the Aesir, to ac!"ire them All

Father Odin "nderstood instinctivel' that tr"e wisdom and second sight ma' onl' beattained thro"gh sacrifice For nine nine da's and nine nights he h"ng on the worldtree (7ggdrasil), imaled on his own sear On the ninth da', a raven sent b' the three

2orns l"c#ed o"t one of his e'es, and he was transformed, seeing and ta#ing " ther"nes when the' were revealed to him l'ing at the bottom of the 5orld Tree n sodoing, he was gifted with tr"e wisdom and ower The cost of ac!"iring the#nowledge had been enormo"s s"ffering and h'sical death, b"t thro"gh the force ofhis will and the strength of his committment, Odin was reborn, ret"rning to life withthe #nowledge of the Other 5orld which the r"nes conve'ed Afterward, he

transmitted his #nowledge of the r"nes to the goddess Fre'Ka in ret"rn for learning themagical secrets of +eithr from her t was Hagal or Heimdall, the watcher god,eternal g"ardian of the Rainbow ridge, who later gifted h"manit' with the secrets of the r"nes

The Elder F"thar# is the oldest of the e@isting r"nic s'stems, and it consists oftwent'-fo"r characters The letters of the first si@ r"nes of the r"nic alhabet, (F)e",(4)r"%, (TH)"risa%, (A)ns", R)aido, and (.)ena% give the s'stem its name, F"thar# A

blan# twent'-fifth r"ne called 5'rd is often "sed toda' along with the r"nes of theElder F"thar#, b"t this is a fairl' new develoment 5'rd is a name which isassociated with the three 2orse sisters #nown collectivel' as the 2orns, andindivid"all' as 4rdhr (the ast), 0erhandi (the resent) and +#"l (the f"t"re) The


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three sisters are resonsible for tending the world tree 7ggdrasil, and the' are also theweavers at the loom of destin' Together the' reresent the so"rce of all #nowledgeand of all owers of divination On their loom, the 2orns see ever'thing whichtransires in the 2ine 5orlds, ast, resent and f"t"re, and with their considerable

vision and their formidable ower, the' co"ld certainl' meddle in the affairs of godsand h"manit', b"t the' allow the gods and h"manit' to follow their own aths andwor# o"t their own destinies

As the #nowledge and "se of the r"nes sread across E"roe, carried b' the invadingTe"tonic tribes, other r"nic s'stems began to develo from them 5hen the Angle,/"te and +a@on tribes invaded ritain in the fifth and si@th cent"ries, the' bro"ghttheir r"ne s'stem with them, and significant changes occ"rred to the r"nes after the'arrived in ritain +everal r"nes were changed to fit in with the ritish lang"age,secificall' the r"nes for ABO, $B., H, /, +, and 2g, and new r"nes were added toreresent different so"nds in the ritish tong"e The new alhabet, which wascomrised of thirt'-three characters rather than the original twent'-fo"r characters,was #nown thereafter as the Anglo-+a@on F"thar#

The Origin of the R"nes

There has been m"ch sec"lation abo"t the origin of the r"nes, b"t the r"nic alhabetis ancient indeed, and scholars have 'et to reach an agreement abo"t where it all

began t has been sec"lated that the r"nes originated in the &ree# alhabet of circa

:DD $E t has also been s"ggested that the r"nes were act"all' derived from anearl' *atin alhabet There is a theor' is that the r"nes originated in the ancientEtr"scan c"lt"re of tal', and this theor' was s"bstantiated somewhat b'archaeological discoveries at 2ega" in the earl' nineteenth cent"r' - the remar#able

bron%e helmets which weree "nearthed at 2ega" bore &ermanic inscritions whichhad been rendered in Etr"scan scrit, and the inscritions on the helmets areinvocations to the war god Harigast There is another theor' which holds that ther"nes evolved from the Hallristningar roc# ictograhs carved d"ring the later art ofthe +tone Age or earl' ron%e Age in E"roe E@amles of these ictograhs have

been discovered in +weden, &erman', tal', A"stria and other arts of mainlandE"roe 5hatever their origin, the r"nes and r"nic fol#ore were an imortant art ofthe ancestral inheritance of the northern Te"tonic tribes who originated in the+candinavian co"ntries and migrated so"thward *i#e the Hebrew lang"age, ther"nes were written from right to left, and this wo"ld seem to indicate that the r"nicalhabet is at least as ancient as the Hebrew lang"age

The e@ansion of the r"nes was one res"lt of the decline of merial Romes infl"encein E"roe and the ascendanc' of the Te"tonic tribes ' abo"t C?D $E, the 0isigothshad con!"ered Rome and arts of +ain, and the' had established an emire of their

own - their infl"ence in +ain wwo"ld end"re ""ntil the 1oorish con!"ests of theeighth cent"r' ' the end of the si@th cent"r' ritain had been invaded b' not one,


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b"t three seerate tribes, the /"tes, the Angles and the +a@ons, and several #ingdomse@isted in ritain, notabl' in 1ercia, 2orth"mbria and 5esse@ As the' movedwestward, the invading tribes too# their r"nes with them, and the "se of the r"nestoo# hold wherever the tribes settled

Earl' $hristianit' abhorred divination in general and the r"nes secificall' Thee@ansion of $hristianit' into mainland E"roe serio"sl' threatened the s"rvival ofthe r"nes in an' form and for an' "rose whatsoever, b"t the' managed to s"rvive,even in the twelfth cent"r' when the 0atican decreed them to be dangero"s and so"ldestro'ing devices and forbade their "se on ain of death The r"nes also s"rvived asecond aal decree in ?:>, and in fact, the' contin"ed in "se as an alhabet right ""ntil the nineteenth cent"r' +ome R"nic characters have been integrated into modern

2ordic lang"ages, b"t from the nineteenth cent"r' on, the r"nes (in their entiret'an'wa') have been in "se solel' as orac"lar devices The last #nown R"ne 1asters or r"nic shamans of formal affiliation were robabl' those in celand d"ring theseventeenth cent"r'

The real beginnings of the r"nes lie within the ancient heroic eics of the Aesir andthe dar# and ic' climes of northern E"roe Toda', the seemingl' random fall of thestones onto the r"ne cloth reresents the distilled essence of an ancient, magical and

owerf"l tradition

)ETER )ETTERS;N

The runes !n non In about 0?? A"&" the romanh!stor!an Tac!tus wrote !n h!s book German!a about the teuton!c peoples" Hetells us that the teutons used to cut $RANCHES ;** *RUIT $EARINGTREES, cut them !nto p!eces and car+e s!(ns on them" These p!eces werespread out on a p!ece o' cloth AN& *R;% THE )ATTERN THE@ *;R%E&;NE C;U8& REA& THE G;&S WI88" There !s no wa to know, thou(h, !'the s!(ns that the car+ed were runes" Accord!n( to Caesar the celts tooseem to ha+e used a s!m!lar d!+!nat!on method"

Hm!sk+!a !n the old !celand!c Edda sas that the (ods themsel+es Bshooktw!(sB and Blooked !nto bloodB to see who would be a su!table host 'or a part,but no s!(ns are ment!oned on the tw!(s" Elsewhere too draw!n( o' lots arement!oned when dec!s!ons must be made, but that can +er well be donew!thout s!(ns" ?? ears a'ter Tac!tus the poet and b!shop *ortunatus o')o!t!ers 5later S.t *ortunatus6 wrote to a 'r!end o' h!s that !' he wouldnt wr!teto h!m w!th roman letters, he could !n stead use pers!an, hebrew, (reek orteuton!c letters, wh!ch he sa!d were pa!nted on ash tree tablets"

In the Dth centur the 'rank!sh abbott Hrabanus#Rabanus %aurus o' *ulda !nGerman 5later b!shop o' %a!n76 sas that the heathens !n the north wrotepoems, spells and prophec!es w!th the!r letters"


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The runes !n scand!na+!an l!terature > A l!ttle later the scand!na+!ansthemsel+es tell us about the runes" In the edda, wh!ch was wr!tten !n the 0thcentur but !s bel!e+ed to ha+e been composed !n the 'our pre+!ous centur!es,the word rFn rune !s ment!oned !n se+eral places, 'or e-ample !n RFnatal !n

H+aml where we are told that d!nn sacr!'!ced h!msel' to h!msel' bhan(!n( h!msel' p!erced b a spear" He han(ed !n the tree @((dras!ll 'or n!nedas w!thout eat!n( and dr!nk!n(, and that wa he could Btake upB runes, w!thwh!ch he could cure sorrows and su''er!n(, heal wounds and cure d!seases,paralse enem!es and make the!r swords blunt and stop the!r arrows !n the!r'l!(ht, damp hatred, clam wa+es, make w!tches (et lost, make warr!ors!n+ulnerable, make the dead talk, a''ord success !n battle, knowled(e andstren(th, awaken and keep womens lo+e, and other th!n(s" S!m!lar /ual!t!esare ascr!bed to the runes that the +alkr!e S!(rdr'a 5$rnh!ldr6 tau(ht S!(urr

*'n!sban! !n the edd!c poem S!(rdr'uml" Here the word rune can hardlmean letter, but must ha+e kept !ts older mean!n( secret"In a stor !n wh!ch S!(urr !s one o' the ma!n characters < JKlsun(asa(a


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S!(urrs w!ddow GurFn car+es runes on a r!n( to warn her brothersGunnarr and HK(n! o' an ambush" The messen(er J!n(! chan(ed the runes,and the brothers were ambushed and captured" Here rune means letter"

In Gesta &anorum the dan!sh 01th centur h!stor!an Sa-o Grammat!cuswr!tes that the anc!ent danes wrote down the deeds o' the!r 'ore'athers onrocks us!n( the letters o' the!r own lan(ua(e 5Bl!n(uae suae l!tter!sB6" Sa-oalso wrote down the stor about Amled 5whom Shakespeare called Hamlet6and sas that a messa(e 'rom Amleds uncle to the k!n( o' En(land wascar+ed on wood, wh!ch he sas was a +er common wr!t!n(mater!al !n anc!entt!mes 5Bl!tteras l!(no !nsculptas L nam !d celebre /uondam (enus chartarumeratB6"

)hs!cal rema!ns > %ost !nscr!pt!ons that ha+e been preser+ed, and those that

are most known, are the run!c stones" The are hardl ment!oned at all !n thecontemporar l!terature, thou(h, e+enthou(h there are thousands o' them, soone has to assume that the old scand!na+!ans wrote /u!te a lot o' poems andletters on wood" *or a lon( t!me there was no phs!cal e+!dence 'or th!se+erda rune car+!n(, but !n the ?s hundreds o' p!eces o' wood and bonew!th runes on them were 'ound at $r((en !n $er(en !n Norwa 5see the%E&IEJA8 RUNES pa(e6, and s!nce then p!eces o' wood and bone aree-am!nated more thorou(hl at archaeolo(!cal e-ca+at!ons, and lots o'!nscr!pt!ons on bone and wood o' an e+erda nature ha+e been 'ound !n

other places" $!rch The oldest runes were used !n the ent!re (erman!clan(ua(e area" The oldest 'ound !nscr!pt!on !s a spear head w!th the name 5O6Braun!=aRB car+ed !nto !t" Its bel!e+ed to be 'rom the late 1nd centur, and was'ound !n P+re Stabu !n southern Norwa" E+enthou(h most other !nscr!pt!ons'rom the 'ollow!n( centur!es are also 'rom Scand!na+!a, THIS &;ESNT%EAN THAT THE RUNES WERE CREATE& HEREM THE ;RIGIN ;* THERUNES IS SHR;U&E& IN *;G, AN& THERE ARE 8;TS ;* THE;RIES

A$;UT IT


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Se+eral o' the runes can be read w!th no certa!n pre+!ous knowled(e, 'ore-ample the r

Other scholars roose that the R"nes develoed from the Hallristningar roc#carvings The s'mbols were carved in the latter art of the +tone Age or earl' ron%eAge and have been discovered in arts of northern tal', A"stria, and so"thern&erman' these R"nes, their ictorial s'mbols, and associated song names and lore,were the ancestral inheritance of the 2orth &ermanic eoles migrating so"th from+candinavia

One historical fact is certain, that the earliest inscritions so far fo"nd were writtenfrom right to left, indicating an alhabet at least as old as Hebrew lang"age Theshae of the R"nic letters, based on vertical and diagonal stro#es, and avoidinghori%ontals and c"rves, s"ggests that this was an alhabet designed for carving in

wood 9THE)9


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The shapes and sounds assoc!ated w!th the letters we used toda stretchback ??? ears !nto the past" The d!rect l!nk !s to the Northern Sem!t!cwr!t!n( sstem that was spread throu(hout the )hoen!c!an trad!n( emp!re"

%ore than one Northern Sem!t!c Wr!t!n( sstem was !n+ented around 01??$"C" !n the land between the Akkad!an and E(pt!an emp!res, the two (reatemp!res o' the late bron7e a(e " $ 0??? $"C" the mar!t!me Canaan!tes or)hoen!c!ans were the lords o' the %ed!terranean sea routes and beond"The reached Ireland, the Atlant!c coast o' A'r!ca, and perhaps $ra7!l"

The )hoen!c!ans sh!pped lumber to E(pt and borrowed man aspects o'E(pt!an culture !nclud!n( bur!al pract!ces and the knowled(e o'h!ero(lph!cs" The wanted someth!n( s!mpler than the cumbersomeh!ero(lph!cs and when the 'ound !t, the shared !t w!th the world"

The 11 character consonant alphabet could be tau(ht !n a week to those !ne+er )hoen!c!an port o' call" W!th!n a 'ew ears s!m!lar alphabets reworkedto match the phonemes o' the nat!+e ton(ue appeared !n man o' the landswhere the )hoen!c!ans traded" The )hoen!c!an alphabet was an !mportantst!mulus to the de+elopment o' a wr!t!n( sstem su!ted to the Greek lan(ua(e"see 'rom phoen!c!an to anc!ent (reek to modern (reekV

The +tor' of 1an#ind b' Hendri# 0an *oon

THE PHOE2$A2+ (The Atlanteans 5ho &ave 4s O"r Alhabet)

THE Phoenicians, who were the neighbo"rs of the /ews, were a +emitic tribe5H$H AT A 0ER7 EAR*7 A&E HA +ETT*E A*O2& THE +HORE+ OFTHE 1ETERRA2EA2 The' had b"ilt themselves two well-fortified towns, T'reand +idon, and within a short time the' had gained a monool' of the trade of thewestern seas Their shis went reg"larl' to &reece and tal' and +ain and the' even

vent"red be'ond the straits of &ibraltar to visit the +cill' islands where the' co"ld b"' tin 5herever the' went, the' b"ilt themselves small trading stations, which the'called colonies 1an' of these were the origin of modern cities, s"ch as $adi% and1arseilles

The' bo"ght and sold whatever romised to bring them a good rofit The' were nottro"bled b' a conscience f we are to believe all their neighbo"rs the' did not #nowwhat the words honest' or integrit' meant The' regarded a well-filled treas"re chestthe highest ideal of all good citi%ens ndeed the' were ver' "nleasant eole and

did not have a single friend 2evertheless the' have rendered all coming generationsone service of the greatest ossible val"e The' gave "s o"r alhabet


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(0an *oon has traced the Phoenician alhabet from the East 5e have t"rned it theother wa' aro"nd The Phoenicians bro"ght it into the 1editteranean area with them

2evertheless)

n d"e co"rse of time, this alhabet travelled across the AEgean +ea and entered&reece The &ree#s added a few letters of their own and carried the imroved s'stemto tal' The Romans modified the fig"res somewhat and in t"rn ta"ght them to thewild barbarians of western E"roe Those wild barbarians were o"r own ancestors,and that is the reason wh' this boo# is written in characters that are of Phoenicianorigin and not in the hierogl'hics of the Eg'tians or in the nail-scrit of the+"merians

The name >es!s (or Hes!s' in =ree?.

Th"s hilosoh', a science of the highest "tilit', flo"rished in anti!"it' among the barbarians, shedding its light over the nations, and afterward it came to &reece+tromata 60G?> Histor' and Religion of the r"ids, ?D:

Please contin"e=

$hater :

$hater G

The &ree# 1'ths, and the $hildren of an

The +traight Path, the 1'steries of E"roe

2otes From E"roe

The r"ids

http://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/Chapter6.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/Chapter7.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/GreekMyths.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/StraightPath.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/NotesFromEurope.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/DRUID.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/Chapter6.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/Chapter7.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/GreekMyths.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/StraightPath.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/NotesFromEurope.htmhttp://www.revelation2seven.org/WebPages/SideLinks/DRUID.htm


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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1a' 9, 9DDC

abel, a 2ew $aital for a 5ider $ontinent' A*A2 R2&

PAR+ S One lesson offered b' the oo# of &enesis is that when the whole earthwas of one lang"age and of one seech, things got done And when the *orddisaroved of the grandiosit' of the res"lting Tower of abel, his wa' of scatteringthose engaged in the roKect was to confo"nd their lang"age, that the' ma' not"nderstand one anothers seech

2ow, with ?D new members adding lang"ages to the E"roean 4nions e@isting ??,

abel is bac# in the headlines 5o"ld the 9-nation bloc be more effective wor#ing inone seech, or at least onl' in its three rincial lang"ages - English, French and&erman; 5ill the need to t"rn millions of doc"ments and tho"sands of voices into 9Dlang"ages become a abelian imediment to getting things done;

n r"ssels, these !"estions are not welcome The roblem of managing a cacohon'of tong"es is tho"ght far less da"nting than having to silence an' individ"al lang"ageAfter all, if "tch, &ree# and anish are "sed, wh' not Estonian, H"ngarian and1altese; The ??-member 4nited 2ations ma' tic# along K"st fine with si@

lang"ages, b"t in E"roe the right of officials and legislators to wor# in their ownlang"ages is now enshrined as a democratic imerative

As the "nions e@ec"tive commission "ts it= The citi%ens of E"roe sho"ld not haveto be reresented in r"ssels b' their best ling"ists - the' can send their best e@erts

Anticiating the "nions enlargement this wee#end, officials have scrambled to findtranslators and interreters able to wor# in the new lang"ages The n"mber oflang"age combinations for interretation - H"ngarian to *atvian, for e@amle - will

K"m to >


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1ondes Arna"d *earmentier wrote recentl' t has fo"nd the gift of tong"es= it isEnglish

t was not alwa's li#e this As the traditional tool of dilomac', French long

dominated E"roean affairs "t after +weden, Finland and A"stria Koined theE"roean 4nion in ?, the balance began to ti toward English 2ow, with a freshenlargement, English is increasingl' referred over French

The adotion of English as ever'ones second lang"age is of co"rse a global henomenon "t a loo# at lang"age teaching in E"roe also e@lains wh' Frenchand &erman officials often comm"nicate in English 5hile more than D ercent ofhigh school st"dents in E"roe are learning English, French is st"died b' onl' 9

ercent in &erman', 9G ercent in tal' and 9C ercent in +ain &erman is st"died b'onl' >? ercent in France, < ercent in tal' and ? ercent in +ain ($entral E"roe is

the e@cetion)

Th"s, having a voice in E"roe - tin' li#e *atvia or owerf"l li#e &erman' - does nota"tomaticall' mean that a co"ntr's lang"age will be more widel' st"died or so#enA lang"ages "se in r"ssels ma' imrove "blic ercetions of the E"roean 4nion,

b"t this accetance is more li#el' to infl"ence how a co"ntr' sees itself than how it isviewed b' others

A larger !"estion looms over E"roes minorit' lang"ages, which are so#en b' some

CD million eole, abo"t < ercent of the regions o"lation 5hile, sa', Fresian inthe 2etherlands and +ami in Finland reinforce c"lt"ral identities, man' s"chlang"ages are str"ggling to s"rvive Often rooted in r"ral areas and so#en b' older

eole, the' have been wea#ened b' migration to cities and the e@os"re of 'o"ngergenerations to national media

&overnments intent on defending national lang"ages often deem regional tong"escostl' n"isances The' robabl' deserve better Even more than the E"roean 4nions9D official lang"ages, the' offer sar#ling evidence of E"roes c"lt"ral diversit'

$o'right 9DDC The 2ew 7or# Times $oman' U Home U Privac' Polic' U +earch U$orrections U Hel U ac# to To

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