The Tobacco Atlas_3rd Edition

8/8/2019 The Tobacco Atlas_3rd Edition

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In memory of

JudIth d. WIlkenfeld (19432007) and ronald m. davIs (19562008)

for theIr lIfetIme achIevements In battlIng the tobacco pandemIc

the tobacco atlast h I r d e d I t I o n


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a l s o p u b l I s h e d b y t h e

a m e r I c a n c a n c e r s o c I e t y


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d r . o m a r s h a f e y

d r . m I c h a e l e r I k s e n

d r . h a n a r o s s

d r . J u d I t h m a c k a y

the tobacco atlast h I r d e d I t I o n


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publIshed by the amerIcan cancer socIety250 Wii sa, gi 30303 usawww..

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contents

Forordsl a, ci f, l a fimi b, m, ci nw yJ si, ceo, ai c si, p bii, ceo, W l fi

Rvis

Prfac

Ackoldgms

Phoo Crdis

Abo h Ahors

Glossary

PARt One: PReVALenCe AnD HeALtH

Chapr 1 types of tobacco use

di i , .., i, i,ii, .

Chapr 2 male smokIngsi . t i i.t w i i, 2008.

Chapr 3 female smokIngsi w. t i i.t w i i, 2008.

Chapr 4 health professIonalssi i. si i - iii. mi ii i i.

Chapr 5 boys tobacco usesi . t w i. ci wi i i 1315, 20012007.

Chapr 6 gIrls tobacco usesi i. t w i. c w i. ciw i 1315 i, 20002007.

Chapr 7 cIgarette consumptIonp i i i. t i i-i i, 2007. g i ii i 18802010. s w i i i, 2007.

Chapr 8 health rIskshw . h i i i . d i.

Chapr 9 secondhand smokIng

h . y . n i i e ui, 2002.

Chapr 10 deathspi i i w. d , 2015 ji. pj -i , , 2015 i i. ci - , wwi, 20052030.

8

10

11

12

14

15

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38


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contents

PARt twO: tHe COStS OF tOBACCO

Chapr 11 costs to the economydi ii i i . t i gdp i- i-i i. c i i, i.

Chapr 12 costs to the smokerc 20 m i qi , 2007. pi i i i bi m, 2007. pi i i i, 2007.

PARt tHRee: tHe tOBACCO tRADe

Chapr 13 groWIng tobaccol wi , 20042007. g i i,2007. li , 2007.

Chapr 14 tobacco companIesli , , 2006. g i , 2007.t i, 2006.

Chapr 15 tobacco tradea i , 20042007. t i i i ii i, 2006. t i, 2006.ci , j i i, 19752005. t , j i i, 19852005.

Chapr 16 Illegal cIgarettess i, i i , .siz i i u.k. , 20022007. ri i i. ei . siz iii i i 100,000i, i, 2006.

PARt FOuR: PROMOtIOn

Chapr 17 marketIngt-i i . u.s. i i i . t-i i , i ii. ci ii , usa, 2005.

Chapr 18 buyIng Influencet i i . t i i i,i, i, usa. u.s. i i.

Chapr 19 tobacco Industry documentsn . t i i, i l W i i , 2008. Q i .

PARt FIVe: tAKInG ACtIOn

Chapr 20 researchr ii w. nIh i wi . pi mi. r pm w, 2008.

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42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

62

64

66


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contents

Chapr 21 capacIty buIldIngci . ci wi i i i .oizi i . ri i .

Chapr 22 Who frameWork conventIon on tobacco controlsii i Who fctc. mi ii Who fctc. t i .Iii ii.Chapr 23 smoke-free areass- , 2008. ri i ii wi i i .

si i i, 2007. n i cii.

Chapr 24 marketIng bansdi ii ii , 2007. pi-- ii i. di i ii ii i h k.

Chapr 25 product labelIngsiz wi i. p i/i w i iiii i/i i, c, 2003. p i i wi w iii ii i, 2007.

Chapr 26 publIc health campaIgnsa i W n t d. r . y i : ei ii .

Chapr 27 QuIttIng smokIngQii i , 2008. pj i. r qiii, u.k., 2007.

Chapr 28 tobacco prIces and taxest i i i. si w i , m, 19652000. t i , s ai, 19822008.

Chapr 29 lItIgatIonl i i i . c i i i.

Chapr 30 relIgIonmji i ii. W ii i. Q ii . mj iiiw .

Chapr 31 the futureeii, , i, i, i , 20002050.

Chapr 32 hIstory of tobaccohii ii, , i i.

PARt SIX: wORLD tABLeS

tabl A: the demographIcs of tobacco

tabl B: the busIness of tobaccoSorcsusfl Coacs

Idx

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

96

98

106114126

127


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Monitortobaccouseandpreventionpolicies

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Enforcebansontobaccoadvertising,promotion,andsponsorship

Raisetaxesontobacco

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10


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preface

the Tobacco Atlasi i i i

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ti i ii The Tobacco Atlas

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si i ii The Tobacco Atlas w

i i 2006, iii i . t , 162

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h r, ai c si, a, usa

Ji m, W l fi, h k, sar ci

11


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acknoWledgments

si ai c si W l fi i ii i ii The Tobacco Atlas. ti i i i i i i 2009. a i i i i i www.ta.. m

i i i . fi, w i w i ii : d n. c. n,Ii ai d, ai c si; si si, eii si r,ai c si; li J. f, d ei, ki eiz bw, s s, Ii ai

d, ai c si; ai ew m r, Ii pi h, gi suii; ei r, W l fi.W w i w iw ii i i ii

The Tobacco Atlas: c bi, ni c Ii; k l, l s hi timii; p c. g, hi - si Ii pi h; mi rw, uii ni;lw o. gi, gw uii; ei lg, a-mi pi, t f Iiii, Who;mji ezzi, h uii; a n-ai, J hi b s pi h; rk, r Ii t c, Ii d r c, c; nl, diii c pi c, c di c pi; s b l,nwi c si; d y, pic; hii tj, nwi c si; e gi,

mm uii; p ti hi, vInacosh si oi, mii h, vi; hi ci, ni h fi, ti; t fi, k hi, Ji ei, n p,b Iiii r t u.

aii w W h oizi ii mpoWer (2008) i .

W w ii i ii i i ii, i W h oizi, i i ii The Tobacco Atlas; mi eii, i ii; i w i ii.

W w i wi ai c si i, ii, i- i i ii: g gi, c cii; ci J, Ii ai d;

ri s, c cii; c W, Ii ai d. W w i wi W l fi i i i i, ii, w, iii, i i ii: J a, y c, s hi, a k, m li, s mi.

W w i b g, I., ii r li, r p, Ji di, b l,t d fi, i , ii i i, w w i ii . si ii s f, b g i i, w i ii wi wi . a i , s i ,, ii i iii .

f i i i j, ww i wi iii:1 typs of tobacco us

si a, c di c pi, usa

p g, hi - si Ii pih, mi, Ii

2 Mal Smokig

mi t, d eii si r, ai c si

yi mizi-ki, J mii h W

3 Fmal Smokigmi t, d eii

si r, ai c siyi mizi-ki, J mii

h W

5 Boys tobacco us ad 6 Girls

tobacco usWi W vi l, oi si

h, c di c pi,usa

12


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8 Halh Risksmi t eiz W, d

eii si r,ai c si

10 Dahsci fizi, t f Iiii,

W h oizimji ezzi, d g h

pi, h s pi h, usat-wi h, uii cii b, usa

11 Coss o h ecoomyh s, eii si r,

ai c si

16 Illgal Cigarsl J, Ii ui ai c

(uIcc)

17 Markigf c, uii Iii ci

21 Capaciy Bildigpi vi, ash ti

22 FCtCd b, t f Iiii, W

h oizi

23 Smok-Fr Arast g s pi://www.i.

24 Markig Basdi f, t f Iiii, W

h oizi

25 warig Lablsr ci, ci c sihi ci, t ni h fi,

ti

g f, d p, uii W, c

26 Pblic Halh Campaigsti c, c Ii, nw s W,

ais mi, W l fimi Wi, t c ci vii,

ai

29 Liigaiori a. d, n uii s

lw, usam gi ew l. sw J., t

c r c, t pliii pj, usa

30 Rligior. f. gi, c di c

pi, usa

31 th Frdi f, t f Iiii, W

h oizici m, ei Ii pi,

W h oizi

32 th Hisoryof tobaccoJ bi, Ii nw tw

sf hi, ukg bi, t nw Ii,

://www..J c mi t,

sf ei si, I.,://www..

si d, ash sm h, ni Ii pi

h, swh-gw s, ni c c, ri

kr I, globali,

://www.i.si J, Ii ui ai c

(uIcc)

13


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photo credItst i wi izi ii i :

Par O: Prvalc ad Halh d : ap I/l gii

Chapr 1: typs of tobacco us pi i ii: W l

fi t : t d fi

si: t d fi

Chapr 2: Mal Smokig li i ii w i

i: W l fi/g h

Chapr 3: Fmal Smokig b : W l fi/

si d

Chapr 8: Halh Risks a i: t d fi

Par For: Promoio p i m : W h

oizi/Ji h

Chapr 17: Markig l si: W l fi/

di s

Par Fiv: takig Acio d : W l fi/

si d

Chapr 21: Capaciy Bildig bi g: ai p/b mw

Chapr 25: Prodc Lablig pi i: t c ci

W aiChapr 26: Pblic Halh Campaigs

n-i i: nyc d h m hi

pi : Ii ni s pi

ooh : f y uii l

n : ni t cp, g Ii

Par Six: world tabls m wi i :

ap I/g b

14


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o sDr. Omar Shafey, i i iii, i i siii Iici, llc j g h e uii ri s pi

h i a, gi, usa. h i t c c pi 2003,

ii The Tobacco Atlas, i i w i si,

i i i bzi, i usa.

mi eiDr. MichaelEriksen i p i di Ii pi h gi suii. pi i ii, d. ei si ai W h

oizi i g w di cdc oi si h, i i i

i 1992 2000. d. ei i i i

wi i iii i i. h i ei-i-ci

h ei r i diii c s gi

c cii. h i ii Who ci m t h pii cii

mii si pi bi ci. h i p pi diii fw si

pi h ei, i ai pi h aii.

h rDr. HanaRoss i i si di Ii t c r

ai c si. s i d di Ii t ei nw

(Iten) j gi s uii e uii i a,

gi, usa. s i i i i

i j i w- i-i i, ii j

W h oizi, r fi, o si Ii, e

cii, b g Iiii. s iz i i

i w i i s e ai t c ai.

Ji mDr. Judith Longstaff Mackay i i i h k. s i si ai

W l fi, si pi ai W h oizi, di

ai c t c. s i ci a

pi mii i biji d ci mii uii

h k. s i fw r c pii ei l.

a i ii, i i . d. m

i ii w, ii Who ci m, r aw ui

ki Q eiz II ti ki bi aj, fi piz Ii h,

l t aw oi Iii li, Ii pi W h aw,

fi Ii ai aw ai pii aii c t,

lii ai aw Ii nw W ai t. I 2007, w Timezi 100 W m Ii p. s i w ii The Tobacco

Atlas , ii The Penguin Atlas of Human Sexual Behavior, The Atlas of Heart Disease

and Stroke, The State of Health Atlas, The Cancer Atlas.

about the authors

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glossaryAddiction pii i -

iz i

, i -i i,

, wiw , i, -i i. c ii

i , i, ii.

Advertising a i

i, ii i

-, , ;

i ; i

i iii;

.

BCE b c e

Billion 1,000 ii

Bupropion a i i

i i i. a ii

i iii w iii

i, i w i i

i i 1997.

Cancer a i i wi

ii . c i i

i . t

i iii i ii

i , i

i. t i

i wi , ,

, , i, i, , ,

.

Carcinogen a .

t i i i,

ii -ii ii (tsna),

i (pah), i

i (voc).

Chronic bronchitis Ii

i iz ,

i , i

i i, i wi i

ii i ii. si

i ii i ii i i i.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) a i i,

, i wi i w

. si i i copd

i i. s ci

ii.

Consumption t i i i

i i , i ii i. t i i i

i i i

i i . p

i i i iii

i i i

w 15 . si

ii i i.

Contraband s, i, wi

iii . s Iii i .

Coronary artery disease a w

i. t wi

i (

) i

( i- i [] q

ii i). t i

i ii i i.

Costs mi i wi

.

Dirc coss: h i

; - ,

i i, ii i

i, ii , i

i, , i ;

i i iizi i.

Idirc coss: pii

- i ;

ii i.

toal coss: t i ii

-i i.

Cotinine nii j i. b

ii iii -i ii,ii i

. cii i i

, i, i.

Counterfeit tobacco products I

i i

wi

w. s Iii i .

Emphysema a i ii i i iz

i , i i i

i iii ii. I

ii i i

i w. si i j i

.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) s

s (shs).

Excess mortality t wi i i (.., )

i

(.., ).

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

t W h oizi (Who) fw

ci t c (Who fctc) i

i i i W h oizi. Who fctc i

ii i

i iii.

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) t

W h oizi (Who) c

di c pi (cdc)

gyts

i i

qii.

GNI g i i.

Harm reduction a i i

ii z i i-

i iii wi w-i

iii. I , i i

w w i

i . h

i

i i i

i wi i

i i

i , . t

i i

i , i

i i

i i.

Health professionals di, i

ii, i , i , ,

i, i i , i iii.

Health warnings g- i

i i

, i, i.

Illicit manufacturing I i

i i , ii,

ii w i

. s Iii i .

Illicit trade in tobacco products a i

ii w, i i,

i, i, i, iii, ,

, ii i

i ii ii. s

c, ci , Iii

i, si.

Ingredient e i w, ii i

ii, , i ,

ii, i, i, ii

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, i, i, i , i,

i i i

i ii i

.

Marketing a iii i i

i iii ,

ii ii, i, i i,

.

Nicotiana tabacum t . I

i i ii i

ii -i i, i

i (pah). t (i i, i, i), i

( ii wi ), i

( ). t

, w

, i, i.

Nicotine a ii, i i i

i . I i i i

i . nii i

iii. t

i 50.

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) a

i i i w

ii i i i

. nrt i i

, ii , ii ,

i.

Passive smoking Ii i, i,

i iii. s s (shs).

Polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) a

i z

i. pah, wi ii,

i ii , i

i i , i

. t i

.

Prevalence si i i i. a i

i i

15 .

Promotion si , i, i i,

, W i, i i iii,

iii, ii

i. a i

w i i i, w,

-i ,

i i i iii.

Retailer a i i i

.

Risk t ii ii i

i (.., i i

iii i i).

Secondhand smoke (SHS) s i

iii i i i.

shs i i (

) i ( i

i, i, i). s i

i i. a

w i (ets)

i i.

Smoke-free area a w i i i i, i, i i ii.

Smokeless tobacco s, wi ,

; i

i. s i ii

i, i , , i,

, , .

Smoker s w

i i i.

Smuggling t i ii .

s Iii i .

Larg-scal orgaizd smgglig of obacco

prodcs: i i, iii,

i i

.

Small-scal smgglig or boolggig:

iii

i w-i jiii i ii i,

i i-i jiii.

Stroke a ii i wi

i i i

i i . s

i i ii

/ . si iii i i

.

Tar t w ii-

.

Tar and nicotine yield t

ii i i, i i

i i i

. mi i i ii

i . s t

.

Tobacco attributable mortality t

i wii

ii i.

Tobacco control organization a i

izi wi i

i i

.

Tobacco industry documents pi

, i i w i

i i i i.

Tobacco product a

w i i

i, ii, wi, ii, i.

Tobacco production t

i, ii i

.

Tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) si

i ii i

i .

Tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSN or

TSNA) a i i

i . n-iii (nnn),

(4-ii)-1-(3-i)-1-(nnk), n-i, 4-(ii)-1-

(3-i n-i)-1- (nnal; i

nnk) ii.

Tobacco taxes t i

. t w i

i:

nomial or spcific axs: b

i (.., i) .

t ii i

(.., i .

i i, i . i).

Ad valorm axs: a

i ( ),

i i i

w i. t i

- (vat) w i.

Tobacco use t i

i, wi, ii,

ii.

Varenicline a i i i

i i i iii i

. I i ii i 2006.

Volatile organic compound (VOC) a i

(-ii)

. voc i iii i

i i i i.

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Documents

The Tobacco Atlas_3rd Edition