The Third Nine Weeks Benchmark Review 2009-

2010

What were the North’s advantages in the Civil War?

•More factories•More industry•More gold•More population•More railroads•More banks

How did the South have an advantage during the Civil War?

We had

Better

Generals

What were the South’s disadvantages in the Civil War?

• Smaller population than the North

• Less factories• Less industry• Only one foundry• Less railroads• Less gold• Less banks

Why was the Confederate defeat important at Vicksburg?

• Because it split the Confederacy right down the middle along the Mississippi river

How did Jim Crow laws come to be and what are they?

• They allow separate facilities based on race in the South

• They segregate• They became laws

because the South was angry at the Federal government’s reconstruction policies in the South

The Turning Point of the Civil War is?

Gettysburg

Why was the KKK created?

• As a vigilante

terrorist group they restricted the rights and lives of freedmen

People in the late 1800’s believed that Chinese

immigrants were keeping wages and salaries low or

down so they did what?

• Passed the Chinese exclusion Act which stopped Chinese immigration to America

Who did the Emancipation Proclamation apply to?

Slaves in Confederate states only

Why was Andrew Johnson really impeached?

• He was in a power struggle with Congress over how to handle reconstruction

What is the number one reason for the rise of Imperialism?

• The need for raw materials and new markets

• To have colonies

• To increase business opportunities

What did the Freedman’s Bureau do?

• Helped educate and provided assistance to newly freed slaves

What did the Supreme Court Dred Scott decision establish?

• That Congress had no right to make any laws in the territories and states about slaves because they were property

What is Thomas Edison known for?

• Inventing the light bulb, moving pictures, phonograph,

What exactly did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

• Freed the slaves in the Confederate states only

Who was the founder of the AFL ( American Federation of Labor)

Samuel Gompers

What muckraker exposed corruption in the Standard Oil

company?

Ida Tarbell

What is naturalization?

The process by which an immigrant becomes a citizen of a country

What did Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction call for?

10% of all southern voters to take an oath of

Allegiance to the Union

What is the place called Wounded Knee known for?

• A group of very old and very young Lakota Sioux Indians fled U.S. army soldiers after doing the Ghost dance because they were afraid of getting in trouble

• American soldiers followed and massacred them at a place called Wounded Knee

• End of Indian resistance to the USA

What did W.E. Du Bois want?

• Immediate equality for all African-Americans

What organization did W.E. Du Bois establish?

According to the Roosevelt Corollary, what area do other

nations need to stay out of or face the wrath of Teddy’s “Big Stick”?

Western

Hemisphere

What is popular sovereignty?

• The people rule

• They make the decisions BY VOTING

How did the Pullman Strike end in 1894?

• Federal troops were called in and ended the strike with force and arms

Who is John D. Rockefeller and what is he known for?

• Created Standard Oil Company which at one time owned 95% of all oil production in America

• Ida Tarbell, muckraker exposed his ruthless business practices

What 3 acts of the government worked to eliminate unfair

business practices in America?

• Interstate Commerce Act

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

When stronger nations try to control smaller or weaker nations and use their resources this is called what?

imperialism

What two railroads built the first Transcontinental Railroad?

• Union Pacific

• Central Pacific

The Meat Inspection Act was passed because who wrote a book

about what industry?

• Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle

What did William Seward buy for America?

Alaska

Who organized Hull House?

Jane Addams

What was popular sovereignty in the Kansas- Nebraska Act?

• The people were allowed to vote on if they wanted a slave state or a free state

What amendment abolished slavery?

13th

What does Lincoln’s second inaugural address hope for?

• “charity for all, malice towards none….Bind up the wounds of this nation and make a lasting peace among ourselves”

• America to be united once again as

one country

What do all immigrants have in common?

They come to America to do better economically and/or have freedom

What did the Interstate Commerce Act provide for?

Concerning Railroads they:

Forbade rebates and pools

Required rate schedulesFixed rates Enforced rates

How did American workers fight for better working

conditions in the 1800 and 1900’s?

Joined Unions

Why is the Panama Canal important to Americans?

• It made it much quicker to travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast

What is the court case Plessy v. Ferguson noted for establishing?

That “separate but equal” is legal and not a problem

What 2 movements wanted the government to address political and

economic problems in the later 1800’s?

• Progressive Party

• Populist Party

What are the strengths of reconstruction?

• The 3 Civil Rights amendments (13,14,15)

• The Freedman’s Bureau

• Public education starts in the South

What is the time of major reforms in the early 1900’s called?

• Progressive Era

What is a monopoly?

• When one business or company has complete control of an industry

Who was George Custer?

• American General killed at Little Big Horn by the Sioux Indians

Who are some of the major Indian resistance leaders of the late

1800’s?

• Sitting Bull

• Geronimo

• Chief Joseph

• Crazy Horse

What does a third party ,such as the Populist Party, offer to Americans?

A different choice than the major 2 political parties

What are the major results of the Spanish American War?

• Cuba is freed and becomes independent

• We get the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico

• The USA becomes a world power

What is friendly fire?

• When a soldier is killed by his own men accidentally

What Southern General was killed by friendly fire and where

did this happen?

• Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

• Chancellorsville

What are the benefits of a transcontinental railroad?

• Supplies, goods, mail, and people move more quickly across the country making the cost of goods cheaper and therefore creating wealth

Why did Teddy Roosevelt come up with a Corollary to the Monroe doctrine that said America might have to

sometimes act as a policeman?

• He said he had to make this corollary( addition) because wrong doing by international powers might necessitate the USA becoming an international police force in the Western Hemisphere

The treaty that ended the Spanish American war said what?

• Spain gives up Cuba and it becomes independent

• Guam, Philippines, and Puerto Rico are given to the USA

What did trusts do in order to increase profits?

They eliminate business competition by setting prices

Who gave America the right to build a canal in Panama?

Panama

Why was Ellis Island established?

• To address the increase of immigration to America in the late 1800’s

• Processing center for immigrants

Immigration changes in the later 1800’s

Early immigrants (1750-1850:

• From England and Ireland

• Mainly Northern Europe

Later Immigrants (1850 to 1930)

• From Russia, Italy, Slavic countries

• Mainly from Southern and Central Europe

How did our country change from the indirect election of senators to

direct election?

• A constitutional amendment (number 17) was passed by the people

Aims and goals of the Progressive party

To reform American politics by getting passed the recall, referendum , initiative and direct election of senators amendments to the constitution

Compromise of 1877

• There is a tie for the Presidency• Southern Democrat senators

tell candidate Rutherford Hayes in a “smoke filled room bargain” that they will make sure he wins if he agrees to end Reconstruction in the South

• Hayes does and becomes President

• Hayes withdraws all troops from South

Teddy Roosevelt and conservation

• Government’s role is to protect and preserve (conserve) the wild areas from being abused and destroyed

• Created national parks like Yellowstone

Key to getting map questions correct

• Read the legend and key

• http://www.mrnussbaum.com/civilwarpage2.htm

Two early civil rights activists are

Booker Washington• Wanted gradual

integration of Freedmen into white society

• Instrumental in starting vocational education and rehab in the south

W.E.B. du Bois• Wanted immediate

integration of freedmen into white society

• Founded the NAACP

How did state and local governments restrict freedoms

of African Americas ?

• Poll taxes

• Literacy tests

• KKK

• Jim Crow laws

• Black codes

What do poll taxes do?

• Make people pay money in order to vote or register to vote

How did the USA get the Panama Canal?

• Teddy Roosevelt and Congress helped Panama become an independent nation from Colombia

• Panama then gave the USA a lease to build the canal in their country and we did

What is the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum and direct election of senator?

• They reform the political and voting process

• They give the average American more power over the political process

Who began the practice of national parks in America?

• Teddy Roosevelt

What did Radical Republicans want regarding reconstruction in the South?

• To have a freedman’s bureau

• To have military control over the South

• To guarantee former slaves their rights

• To not allow former Confederate soldiers to participate in the government

Aren’t we glad that is over?