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The Third Coming of Hydropower
The History of Hydropower in South Bend
Hydraulics CE 40450 March 25, 2019
South Bend History
• 1842 - Fr. Sorin founds Notre Dame• 1844 – Dam along with East and West Races
completed to provide hydro power to industries on both sides of St. Joe River
• 1904 – Hydro power fades, East race used for cooling water at I&M Power Plant
• 1905 – Oliver Chilled Plow Co. covertly purchases west race property and builds a hydroelectric facility to power its Oliver Chilled Plow Works, the Oliver Opera House and the Oliver Hotel
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Stephenson Mills (on East Race)
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Oliver Hydroelectric Plt.(West Race)
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South Bend History
• By the 1950’s use of the hydro resources is abandoned and the East Race is filled in while the Oliver plant stands in ruin.
• In the 1980’s the East Race is restored as a whitewater course and the Century Center is built with the West Race retained as an amenity feature
• At some point Indiana Michigan Power sells South Bend Dam to the City of South Bend for $1 (not a good deal)
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South Bend History
• In 1984 during the East Race reconstruction the City a FERC Exemption for the possible construction of a 1.8 MW facility
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South Bend History
• Through the years South Bend is unable to find a third party to develop the project
• FERC intervenes in 2014 telling South Bend to “Use it or Lose it”
• As part of University’s Utilities Long Range Plan for carbon reduction strategies a 50 year lease agreement is signed between the SB Venues, Parks and Arts in 2016
• Lease begins time of project commercial operation
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Hence our Project Begins
• University engages key stakeholders most notably FERC, IDNR, IDEM USF&W, ACOE, SHPO as well as South Bend and local neighbors – Fish Migration (attraction flow to ladder)– Fish Passage (big fish upstream, little fish
downstream– Fish Mortality– Debris Management– Historic Preservations
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Hence our Project Begins
• Exemption requires preserving water rights for existing features; – East Race– West Race– Fish Ladder– Spillway– 580 cfs for above, other water resources can be
used for the facility• University seeks to amend exemption and
increase capacity to 2.5 MW
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Hence our Project Begins
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• FERC amendment approval an arduous task working with DC for administrative issues and Chicago Regional office for technical details, first approvals summer of 2018– Letters of support– Permitting– Historic Preservation Studies (SHPO/Tribes)– Impact Analysis
Hence our Project Begins
– Quality Control Implementation Plan (QCIP)
– Temporary Construction Emergency Action Plan (TCEAP)
– Potential Failure Modes Analysis (PFMA) performed in 2 day sheret with FERC, UND, Consultants & key stakeholders
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Hence our Project Begins
• Direct connection planned of power output via underground transmission line to campus grid
• South Bend asks I&M and Notre Dame to partner on route for hydro transmission line and new 69 kV transmission line needed to support South Bend growth
• Final FERC approvals expected imminently on dewatering and construction plans
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Once our Project is Complete
• Project schedule 14-18 months targeting completion by fall of 2020
• Post project requirements – Dissolved oxygen monitoring above and below
dam– Fish Mortality Study– Scouring impacts on river bottom at outlet– Regular FERC required reporting:
• Dam Safety Surveillance Monitoring Inspections• Emergency Action Plan Updates
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Seitz Park – Hydro Project Site
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Renewable Potential
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Hydroelectric PlantThe 2.5MW hydroelectric plant is estimated to produce 7% of campus’s current electrical energy usage and would offset nearly 9,710 tons of CO2 annually.
Overall Layout
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Inlet above Dam
Fish Ladder
East Race
Dam Turbines
Outlet below Dam
Sheeting, Tieback & Whaler Design
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Riprap extending at inlet and outlet for scouring protection
Inlet Section
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New Wall with large spaced grating to eliminate large debris.
Angled to deflect debris if possible.
Precast Box Culvert Sections provide three channels to turbines
Revetment Riprap on Geotextile
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Precast Cross Section
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Fish Ladder to left, East Race to Right 16’ x 14’ precast on setting slab
Middle Section and Fine Screen
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Precast sections continue to fine screen and start of cast in place construction.
Fine Screen placed at acute angle to water flow to divert small fish migrating downstream to bypass channel. Screen bars have ¾” spacing, with cleaner to sweep debris to north end.
Cast In Place Turbine Section
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Hydro Turbines, five across stacked two high, each with its own channel.
Control Building with Electrical Equipment and “Flex-Rake” to pull debris up and into bypass channel, with headroom for fish passage both up and down stream
Cast in Place section of project extending approx. 40’ below grade
Bypass Channel
Cross Section of Cast-In Place
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Fine Screen
Ramp to Create Head (nominally 13’)
Stacked Turbines
Draft Tubes
Precast mates to Cast-in Place
Stop Log position downstream of fine screen in each ramp section
Turbines have integral shutoff valve
Monthly Output by Turbine Count
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Led to 10 Unit Selection, Units operated in staged manner based on river head level to optimize production.
Shared T-Line Route
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From the former St. Joseph HS we head north and connect to the campus system by WNDU
The route to campus is approximately 2 miles in length
The turbines produce power at 480V 3 phase which is transformed up to 12.47 kV for transmission back to campus then stepped down to 4.16 kV to interface with our current operating system.
The turbines will be monitored and controlled remotely at the Utilities Department Control Center The units can stage on and off automatically as river flow conditions change.
Turbine Switchgear (for 5 units)
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