The sun allows life on earth to exist

Photosynthesis

–Is the process that uses solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy (Carbohydrates –sugars and starches)

Figure 10.1

- Because they have the ability to make their own food.

2 Types of producers or autotrophs

1. Photosynthesis

2. Chemosynthesis- bacteria

Plants are autotrophs Or producers

Photosynthesis Occurs in

1. Plants

2. Algae – Phytoplankton

3. Protist- Single cell organisms living in pond water

4. Prokaryotes - Bacteria

Heterotrophs

–Obtain their energy from other organisms by eating them

–Are the consumers of the biosphere

• Three things are need by plants for photosynthesis

1.Water

2.Carbon dioxide

3.Sunlight

Chloroplasts: Are the Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants

Vein

Leaf cross section

Mesophyll

CO2 O2Stomata

Chloroplast

Mesophyll

5 µm

Outermembrane

Intermembranespace

Innermembrane

Thylakoidspace

Thylakoid

GranumStroma

1 µm

Structure of the chloroplasts

• Thylakoids- disk shaped structure

- Chlorophyll is found here

Chlorophyll- this absorbs the light

- acts like a solar panel

- two types a and b

Photosynthesis Equation

6 CO212 H2O

Reactants:

Products: C6H12O66 H2O 6 O2

Figure 10.4

The energy comes from the sun

–light energy is used to power chemical reactions that combine water with the air's carbon dioxide to form starchy carbohydrate

(written on board)

LIGHT

–Is a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves

Wavelength

Is the distance between the

crests of waves

Wavelength is important

• Because it determines the type of

electromagnetic energy

The electromagnetic spectrum

Gammarays X-rays UV Infrared

Micro-waves

Radiowaves

10–5 nm 10–3 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm1 m

106 nm 103 m

380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm

Visible light

Shorter wavelength

Higher energy

Longer wavelength

Lower energyFigure 10.6

The visible light spectrum

- Includes the colors of light we can see

ROY G BIV

–Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

Pigments

● Are substances that absorb visible light

• Chlorophyll is the main pigment that absorbs certain wavelengths of light

Light Absorption by Chlorophyll a and b

Light

ReflectedLight

Chloroplast

Absorbedlight

Granum

Transmittedlight

Figure 10.7

What does that graph tell you?

• Chlorophyll a and b absorbs

• 1. Blue

• 2. Violet

• 3. Red

WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?1. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

2. Endocytosis

3. Exocytosis

Animation from:

• 4. Synthesis of biomolecules

•

• 5. Reproduction

• 6. Movement

CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY

Adenosine triphosphate

ATP = __________________________Adenosine triphosphate

____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS

3

ATP can change into ADP

ADP = __________________________Adenosine diphosphate

____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS

2

ATP → ____ + ____ +

http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html

ATP releases energy stored in a high energychemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP

ADP

ADP + ___ + ________ → ___

The energy to do this comes from

____________ like _____________

Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP.

ATP

It’s like recharging the battery !

STORE

FOODS GLUCOSE