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The Study of LifeChapter 1What is biology?(Brainstorming)The Science of LIFEThe study of living things.Origins and history of lifeStructures of living thingsHow living things functionHow living things interact with each otherHow living things interact with the environment

Why is it important to study biology?(Brainstorming)What do biologists study?Diversity of lifeDiseasesDevelop technologyImprove agriculturePreserve the environmentWhat are some living things?What are NOT living things?The Characteristics of Life

Anthrax bacteria

Fiddle leaf morning glory

Florida manatee

Grizzly bear

Red wing blackbirdThe Characteristics of LifeWhat does it mean to be ALIVE?Characteristics of LifeMade of one or more cellsThe cell is the basic unit of lifeSome organisms are unicellular while others are multicellular

Epithelial Cells

Paramecium cells

2. Displays organizationCharacteristics of LifeCharacteristics of LifeGrow and DevelopGrowth results in increase in sizeDevelopment results in different abilities/stages

Characteristics of Life4. Reproduces

Characteristics of LifeResponds to stimuliReactions to internal and external stimuli are called responses

Characteristics of Life6. Requires energy

Characteristics of Life7. Maintains homeostasisAll organisms keep internal conditions stable

Characteristics of Life8. Adaptations evolve over timeAdaptations are inherited changes that occur over time that help the species survive.

16Review the pictures and diagrams representing the characteristics. Explain to the class how the characteristic of life is represented in the picture/diagram. Come up with another example that illustrates the characteristic of life. The Characteristics of LifeCELLS

ORGANIZATIONGROWTH/DEVELOPMENT

REPRODUCE

RESPOND TO STIMULUS

ENERGY

HOMEOSTASIS

ADAPTATION OVER TIME

Images gathered from :http://stephanierosebio156.blogspot.com/2008/06/cells-compendium.htmlhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/442957/6853/Paramecium-caudatumhttp://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/urinary/renal19.htmhttp://www.lattc.edu/dept/lattc/WED/GCIActivities.htmlhttp://www.zooborns.com/zooborns/2009/09/baby-chimp-zoe-oklahoma-city-zoo.htmlhttp://www.sparknotes.com/biology/plants/plantstructures/section1.htmlhttp://www.waterwatchadelaide.net.au/index.php?page=life-cyclehttp://frtim.wordpress.com/category/hingham/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Squirrel_eating_peanut_12u07.JPGhttp://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/charoflifenote.htmhttp://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/lifeforms/epiphytes/a0070Atx.htmlhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04deepscope/background/deeplight/media/fig3c.html

SQR Survey, Question, ReadSurveyRead all the headings and subheadingsSkim the introductory paragraphLook at the pictures and read the captions under the picturesRead the bold vocabulary wordsQuestionTurn the headings and subheadings into questionsReadRead the text ONE section at a timeReread the captions and look at the picturesLocate the answers to your questionsMonitor your reading reread any passages you did not understandChapter 1.2The Nature of Science

http://www.nda-analytics.com/pages/techniques/wet_chemistry.htmhttp://biology.usgs.gov/ecosystems/global_change/effects_land_use.html

What is science?Science body of knowledge based on study of nature; based in observations and experimentationRelies on evidenceTheory an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over timePseudoscience areas of study that try to imitate science (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPk9LM44mLA) Expands scientific knowledgeChallenges accepted theoriesQuestions resultsTest claimsUndergoes peer reviewUses the metric systemInternational System of Units (SI)

Science in Everyday LifeEthics set of moral principles or valuesScientists provide information about our expanding knowledge of the natural world and society decides how to use that knowledge

QUIZ TOMORROWWhat is biology?Characteristics of LifeCellsOrganizationGrowth/developmentReproductionResponse to stimulusEnergyHomeostasisAdaptations over timeNature of scienceScience/PseudoscienceTheoryPeer ReviewMetric systemEthics

Data Analysis Lab 1.1With a partner, complete the Data Analysis Lab 1.1 on p. 14Use graph paper to make a table and graph as instructed. Refer to pp. 1115-1118 for assistance in determining the best line and calculating slope. Answer question 4 in complete sentences. Chapter 1.3Methods of ScienceWhat is the difference between these two statements:The man is facing the cow. The man is scared of the cow.

34Methods of ScienceWe can learn about the world only through our observations.An observation is a direct method for obtaining information by using the senses.

InferenceAn inference is an assumption based on prior experienceCombine what you have learned with what you have observed; make logical assumptionCan lead to a hypothesisLook at the picture below and read the following statements.Which statements are observations? Which are inferences?

The cow is brown.The man is talking to the cow.The cow is confused.The man is wearing a blue pullover.The man is not afraid of the cow.This picture was taken at a farm.The cow has a tag in its left ear.

Can ask the students if the inferences are true or not? How would they verify the truthfulness of inferences?

37Whats happening in this picture?

A cowbird (at right) feeds from a blue-winged warbler.From Nature Conservancy, Sept-Oct 1994.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5aQX_MRKkU&feature=related Scientific MethodsA scientist uses a scientific method whenever he/she:attempts to explain observations about the natural world.test inferences based on observations.

Scientific MethodsScientific method

Scientific MethodsAsk a questionHypothesisCollect Data (Experiment)Analyze Data Report Conclusions

Ask A QuestionWhat factors increase the rate of mold growth on bread?What are your observations and inferences regarding this topic?What do you need to research?

HypothesisAn educated guess.Based on specific observations.Must be a statement.Must be stated in a way that allows it to be tested.Must be able to prove the hypothesis false.What are some good hypotheses?

Which factors will affect mold growth? What do you think will happen? Can your statement be tested? Does it make a prediction? ExperimentA controlled experiment is any procedure created to test a hypothesis in a controlled setting.

experimental group the group receiving the factor being testedcontrol group the group not receiving the factor being tested (used for comparison)

Experimental DesignAny factor that can change in an experiment is called a variable.An independent variable is tested during an experiment. There is usually only one. Often called the experimental variable.

The dependent variable changes because of changes made to the independent variable.

Controlled ExperimentsA controlled experiment is one in which all of the variables are held constant except one.

These constant variables are calledcontrolled variables.

Collecting Datadata information gained from your observationsquantitative data collected as numbersqualitative data collected as descriptions of observations (i.e. color, behaviors, odors)

Experiment and Data CollectionWhat is your experimental group?What is your control group? What are the variables? Which variable is the dependent variable? Independent variable? How will you measure your results? How will you collect data? How will you present your data? Tables? Graphs?

Analyze DataWas your hypothesis supported?Are your results reliable? How does this contribute to the field of science? What further studies could be done to enhance this knowledge? What errors occurred in your experiment?Do you have multiple results thatexhibit the pattern?

Chapter ReviewTest format: Multiple choice, Fill In the Blank, Short AnswerChapter 1.1 Biology Characteristics of life Cells Organization Grows/develops Reproduction Responds to stimuli Energy Homeostasis Adaptations

Chapter 1.3 Observations Inferences Scientific methods

Hypothesis Experiment control group experimental group independent variable dependent variable dataquantitativequalitativeChapter 1.2 Science Theory Pseudoscience Peer review Metric system Ethics

Study StrategiesTest Taking SkillsD E S T R E S S

D dump any memorized materialE Enter your name, date, and periodS - Survey the testT - Time plan how you will spend your timeR Read the DIRECTIONS!E - Easy questions firstS See if questions on test provides clues to other itemsS - Make sure that you review the test to check all items QuestionsWill changing the water temperature affect how quickly Alka-Seltzer will dissolve?What is the best way to keep apples from turning brown after you cut them?What factors increase the rate of mold growth on bread?How many drops of water can fit on one penny?How can the life of fresh flowers be extended?What is the best recipe for making slime?

Experimental ApplesProblem: What is the best way to keep apple slices from turning brown after you cut them?Observations: Apples usually turn brown after you cut them or bite them. Sometimes apples turn brown when they have a bad spot. The brown color does not occur everywhere.Inferences: The brown color only occurs when the apple is damaged in someway.The brown color occurs when the inside of the apple comes in contact with the air.

Research: How Stuff Works Scientific American

With this information. Have the group come up with a hypothesis.56Hypothesis(Brainstorming)What would be a good hypothesis for this experiment?The Purpose of an ExperimentA controlled experiment is any procedure created to test a hypothesis in a controlled setting.

experimental group the group receiving the factor being testedcontrol group the group not receiving the factor being tested (used for comparison)

58Collect the DataAny factor that can change in an experiment is called a variable.An independent variable is tested during an experiment. There is usually only one. Often called the experimental variable.

The dependent variable changes because of changes made to the independent variable.

59Controlled ExperimentsA controlled experiment is one in which all of the variables are held constant except one.

These constant variables are called controlled variables.What are some of the controlled variables in todays experiment?60Collecting Datadata information gained from your observationsquantitative data collected as numbersqualitative data collected as descriptions of observations (i.e. color, behaviors, odors)

Will our apple experiment collect quantitative or qualitative data?61Effect of Various Substances on Apple BrowningTreatmentColor of Apple After Soaking then Air ExposureUntreated apple wedgeApple wedge submerged in boiling waterApple wedge submerged in lemon juiceApple wedge submerged in sugar water

62Analyze DataWas your hypothesis supported?

For Homework Identify the Controls and Variables with the Simpsons!Read the passages on the worksheet Complete the questions to the right of the passage using your notes from today.64Work CitedBiggs, Alton, and et. al.. Biology. New York: Glencoe McGraw-Hill, 2007. Unit 1 Resources - Ecology. New York: Glencoe McGraw-Hill, 2007.

65Scientific MethodsA scientist uses a scientific method whenever he/she:attempts to explain observations about the natural world.test inferences based on observations.

Scientific MethodsAsk a questionHypothesisCollect Data (Experiment)Analyze Data and Report Conclusions

Question/InferenceAn inference is an assumption based on prior experienceCombine what you have learned with what you have observed; make logical assumptionCan lead to a hypothesisHypothesisAn educated guess.Based on specific observations.Must be a statement.Must be stated in a way that allows it to be tested.Must be able to prove the hypothesis false.

The Purpose of an ExperimentA controlled experiment is any procedure created to test a hypothesis in a controlled setting.

experimental group the group receiving the factor being testedcontrol group the group not receiving the factor being tested (used for comparison)

70Collect the DataAny factor that can change in an experiment is called a variable.An independent variable is tested during an experiment. There is usually only one. Often called the experimental variable.

The dependent variable changes because of changes made to the independent variable.

71Controlled ExperimentsA controlled experiment is one in which all of the variables are held constant except one.

These constant variables are called controlled variables.What are some of the controlled variables in todays experiment?72Collecting Datadata information gained from your observationsquantitative data collected as numbersqualitative data collected as descriptions of observations (i.e. color, behaviors, odors)

Will our apple experiment collect quantitative or qualitative data?73Analyze DataReport ConclusionsWas your hypothesis supported?