THE STONE AGE

Respectively Submitted ByC. Stephen Ingraham

9/26/05

Social Studies Block# ___ Your First & Last Name

Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date

The Stone Age Table of Contents

1. The Stone Age Song

2. Vocabulary

3. Hunters & Gathers

4. Early Cultures & Societies

5. Early Farmers

6. The Effects of Change CSI10

THE STONE AGE SONG by Mr. Ingraham 9/26/05 Let’s get together and unite in clansrelated groups of families.Spending all day hunting the landfor fruits, nuts, and any animal we see.We will migrate with the herds.Shh! Be Quiet! Pass the wordTogether (We might even see a mammoth)

Let’s spread through the world, Yeah, Yeah, Yeah.Traveling so we can eat is fun.Out of Africa where it is hotThe equator gets the direct rays of the sun.Some wander Europe which is fine,Others across Asia at the same time,but not together (‘tween glaciers slipping to America)

Forming cultures which uniquely set us apartLanguage, customs, beliefs, and art.Merging of twenty people clansCause more organized societies to start.Dividing up the jobsBest be doing what you canworking together (We can raise goats and pigs)

THE STONE AGE SONG by Mr. Ingraham 9/26/05

Hunting was fun, but not all the time.Domestication of animals is fine.Agriculture, or the raising of crops,Means less hunting and more free time.No longer nomads on the run,We can subsist and have some fun,Together (Growing barley, wheat, and maise)Together in the Stone Age!!! Yeah.

Sung to Disney’s “Let’s get Together”.

Social Studies Block# ___ Your First & Last Name

Mr. Ingraham & Mrs. Ross Today’s Date

The Stone Age Vocabulary

1. Clans - groups of related families (20)

2. migration - movement of (earliest) people

3. Ice Age - long periods of cold-weather forming huge glaciers.

4. Tundra -large, treeless arctic plains

5. Culture - A human society’s traditions, behavior patterns, art, knowledge, and religious beliefs

6. Artifacts - discovered objects made by early peoples

7. Society - an organized group living & working under rules & traditions

8. Division of labor - different members doing different tasks

9. Domesticate - to control nature for peoples use

10. agriculture - the raising of domesticated plants and animals.

11.Environment - surroundings

12. subsist - to live, to survive CSI10

THE STONE AGEI. Hunters & Gathers A. Earliest Humans

1. Lived in Africa2. Moved in hunting groups & gathered food to survive3. Migration, or movement Slowly wandered into Asia, Europe, Australia, North & South America.

B. Getting Food1. Experience taught them the consequences, or effects of eating certain animals or plants.2. Clans – united groups of related families.3. Cooperated for basic needs of 20 people

a. food – hunted large animal: giant oxen, woolly rhinoceroses, & mammoth.b. clothingc. shelter – animal hides (movable) seasonal camps following animals & sources of plentiful food.

4. Migration, or movement from one place to the next meant the Clan would find enough to eat.

C. Spreading Through the World

Africa

200,000 years ago

Earliest Humans in the Rift Valley

100,000 years ago

Human Migration Begins

Middle East

60,000 years ago

EuropeAsia

50,000 years ago

Australia

40,000 years ago

NorthAmerica

25,000 years ago

1. The last Ice Age or long cold-weather period, lowers the Sea Level and humans cross the land bridge calledBeringia to North America.

NorthAmerica

25,000 years ago

2. Glaciers, or large moving ice sheets wore down the land intohuge areas of tundra, or large treeless plains in the Artic regions.

SouthAmerica

12,000 years ago

Humans have nowpopulated the entire Planet Earth.

Nile Valley

Tigris-Euphrates Valley

Indus Valley

Huang He Valley

Middle America

Andean

D. Early Cultures And Societies1. All were Hunters & Gathers2. People in different areas develop their own culture, or unique way of life.

a. different clothingb. different sheltersc. different artd. different beliefse. different customsf. different language

3. Artifacts- are objects early people made and left behind.4. These unique differences help early peoples become a society, or an organized group living and working under

an established set or rules and traditions.5. Clans merge and grow in size (50-100 members) and then begins the Division of Labor –different members do different

tasks based on their abilities and the needs of the clan.6. Clan members have a role, a part (or job) to do to help society.

A. Controlling Nature1. Larger (clans) societies could not depend on hunting &

gathering for their basic needs.2. About 10,000 years ago they began to shift from collecting

food to producing food.3. Domesticate or control nature for people’s use

a. Women (gathers) noticed seeds thrown away grew into plants the following year.b. they learned to scatter (plant) seeds.c. eventually stone age people became less dependent on wild plants and began to depend on the crops they grew.

4. Economy – The way people use resources to meet their needs,became based mainly on crops grown

a. Growing crops meant staying in one place.b. Hunting became less important as societies began raising livestock (domesticated cattle sheep, & pigs)c. Nomads – people who move with cattle from place to place to find pasture and water.

II. Early Farmers.

B. Effects of Change1. Agriculture – the raising of domesticated plants and animals.

Benefitsa. Reliable food source.b. increased production of food..c. more complex societies / division of labor.Problemsd. More food needed for the animal.e. drought & insects killed crops & livestock.f. wars – farmland needed protecting

2. Effects on Environment – surroundingsa. clearing pastures drove away the once

hunted wild animalsb. many wild plants disappeared.

Nile Valley

Tigris-Euphrates Valley

Indus Valley

Huang He Valley

Middle America

Andean

C. Diversity in Early Agriculture

1. Different places develop differently

a. Nile Valley (Egypt) grew wheat, barley, flax, & raised sheep, goats, & pigs

b. Tigris & Euphrates Valley grew wheat, barley, flax & raised sheep & goat

c. Indus & Huang He Valleys grew rice, millet, & raised pigs, chickens &

water buffalo

d. Andean & Bolivian grew beans, chili peppers, & potatoes

e. Central or Middle America grew squash, gourds, guavas, & maise (corn).

Subsist- live or survive.

a.

b. c.

c.

d.

e.

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Steps to CivilizationHunters

Gatherers

Farmers(agriculture)

5)

1) Nomads2) Band (clan)

3) culture4) tribe

CIVILIZATION: a culture that has well developed:

a) Governmentb) Religionc) Learning (Knowledge) d) Writing

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