The Renaissance Respectfully submitted C. Stephen Ingraham CSI09

The Renaissance

Respectfully submitted

C. Stephen Ingraham

CSI09

CSI09

This is How Mullen This is How Mullen Students Roll:Students Roll:

We are always on time for class,We come prepared to learn,We always allow other students to learn,We respect the personal space of others!

Sing to the Tune “Row, Row, Row your boat”.

A Little Quiz1. ____ An effect of the Crusades on Europe was

a). The Holy Land was freed from the Seljuk Turks

b) People moved away from the towns & cities

c) The towns & cities became crowded with people

d) The Eastern & Western parts of the old Roman Empire were united.

2. ____ Another effect of the Crusades on Europe was

a). The Holy Land was not freed from the Seljuk Turks

b) People returned back to their former tenant farms

c) The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches were united

3.____ An effect of the Bubonic Plague on Europe was

a). The Holy Land was freed from the Seljuk Turks

b) People moved away from the towns & cities

c) New knowledge of medical practices evolved

d) 75% of the people in Europe died.

4.______ An other effect of the Bubonic Plague on Europe was

a). The knowledge of the Greeks & Roman was discovered

b) People moved into the towns & cities

c) The rat population was finally controlled

d) The power of the Nobles and the Church decreased.CSI09

A Little Quiz5. ____ The Christian Church Divided because of

a). The Holy Land was freed from the Selkic Turks

b) disagreements over the Crusades

c) disputes over holy pictures of Jesus and the saints

d) The serfs’ problems with the Feudal system.

6. ___ The Magna Carta was important because it said

a) The King was above the laws and didn’t have to obey them

b) The King also had to obey the laws

c) The Feudal System was supported by the Christian Church

d) The Christian Church was established as the official Church

7. ___ The people who were tied to the land during the Middle Ages were

a) the Kings b) The Nobles c) the Knights d) the Serfs.

8. ___ A large block of land made up of meadows, forests, farmland, a village, and a church owned by a noble was called.

a) a manor b) a Nation-State c) a City-State d) a Feudal State.

9. ___ The document that first limited the power of the Kings in England was

a) the Constitution b) Common Sense c) the Magna Carta

d) The Justinian Code.

10. ___ The Emperor Justinian was ruler of

a) The Holy Land b) Byzantium c) France d) England

11. ___ Charlemagne, The Holy Roman Emperor was ruler of

a) the Holy Land b) Byzantium c) France d) EnglandCSI09

A Little Quiz12. ____ The Christian leader in Constantinople

a) Priest b) Caliph c) Pope d) Patriarch.

13. ___ The Christian Church leader in Rome


14. ___ The Muslim Leader and successor to Muhammad


15. ___ The Muslims who stayed loyal to the descendants of the fourth caliph are called

a) Sunni b) Orthodox c) Shiite d) Abbasid or Umayyad.

Please Rate how you think you did:

State the number of questions out of 15 you think you got correct _______________________

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Renaissance Table of Contents

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1. Renaissance Definition2. Vocabulary Terms3. Renaissance Song4. The Mediterranean & the Black Sea5. Italian City-States Map-6. Guild7. The Rise of the Italian City-States8. Merchants in Europe Unite9. New Ideas in the Renaissance10. The Renaissance11.Learning About the World12. Changes in Art13. The Spread of Ideas14. Revolution in Science15. Nation-State16. Map17. Life in Europe18. Weakened Church & Reformation19. Art, Literature, & Religion Change

Directions:

Skip to pages.

(either front and back

or two facing pages)

What Does What Does RenaissanceRenaissance

Mean?Mean?CSI09

What Does RenaissanceMean?

The rebirth or rediscovery of Knowledge in Europe after the

bubonic plague and the dark ages.

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The Renaissance Song sung to Teen Titans

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It first had beginnings in Italy. RenaissanceVenice, Naples, Milan, Florence & Genoa you see. RenaissanceMerchants bring ideas & technology.The city-state of Venice ruled the sea.Banking families became very wealthy.It’s the Renaissance!!!

Learning & knowledge is valued you see. RenaissancePatrons paid painters, sculptors, & scholars money. RenaissancePerspective adds realism to their work.People want to know how all things work.Using math Isaac Newton explains gravity.It’s the Renaissance!!!

A Renaissance genius was Leonardo da Vinci. RenaissanceA philosopher, scientist, engineer, inventor was he, Renaissancebut don’t forget MichelangeloHe painted the Sistine Chapel you know.And Gutenberg’s press prints history.It’s the Renaissance!!!

The Renaissance Song Part Two

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Copernicus says the Earth revolves around the sun RenaissanceGalileo’s telescope proves it & science has won. RenaissanceIndulgences are sold by the clergy.Martin Luther’s 95 Theses is heresy.Protestants start the Reformation in Germany.It’s the Renaissance!!!It’s the Renaissance!!!It’s the Renaissance!!!

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The Roman Empire

Rom

e *

The Mediterranean Sea

* Constantinople

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Barbaric Tribes

Byzantine Empire 622 CE(Eastern Part of the Roman Empire)

Byzantine Empire

EUROPE

AFRICA

ASIA

Mediterranean Sea

AtlanticOcean Black Sea

Barbaric Tribes

Western Part of the

Roman Empire

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Holy Roman Empire

Islam around 1096 CE

Byzantine Empire

EUROPE

AFRICA

ASIA

Mediterranean Sea


The Expansion of Islam 750 CE. CSI08

* Mecca

* Medina

Alexandria*

Carthage*

* Cord

oba

* Baghdad

AFRICA

ASIA

EUROPE

Spain

Persia

ArabiaThe Muslim Empire 1096 CE.

* Jerusalem

* Antioch

The Crusades

Syria

* Constantinople

Palestine

4

3

1

2

1) 1096-1099 CE.2) 1147-1149 CE.3) 1189-1192 CE.4) 1202-1204 CE.

The Expansion of Islam 750 CE. CSI08

* Mecca

* Medina

Alexandria*

Carthage*

* Cord

oba

* Baghdad

AFRICA

ASIA

EUROPE

Spain

Persia

ArabiaThe Muslim Empire 1096 CE.

* Jerusalem

* Antioch

The World

Syria

* Constantinople

Palestine

Italy

France

Germany

England Byzantine Empire

Vocabulary to Set the StageGreek Fire - A chemical mixture which catches fire when water

hits it.

doge - A leader of the Italian City-State of Venice.

saga - A Scandinavian (or Viking) adventure story.

Territorial expansion - The adding of new land through war fare.

Hansas - Groups of merchants working together sharing the cost

of trading (renting ships & paying guards).

Embargoes - Bans on trade to force a favorable trade agreement.

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Renaissance VocabularyRenaissance - A French word meaning rebirth.

Patron - A supporter of the Arts or artist.

Perspective - A technique which allows an artist to show the

difference from things that are close and things that

are far away.

Moveable type - single letters that can be arranged in trays to

form words and reused to form new words and

sentences.

Telescope - An instrument that can make faraway objects seem

closer developed by Galileo Galilei

Gravity - The force named by Isaac Newton which explains how

objects are held to the Earth and the attraction of the

planets.

Scientific Method - The concept that requires ideas to be tested

through observation and experimenting.

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*Constantinople

Naples*

*FlorenceGenoa*

*Milan

Mediterranean Sea

*Venice

Italian City-States

The Mediterranean & the Black Sea 12-2

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I A. Byzantine Trade1. Byzantine Emperor Justinian I controlled both the Mediterranean & the Black Sea. 2. Constantinople, his capital between both, was a center of trade. All trade goods which came through the city were taxed.3. Byzantine merchant ships traveled through the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean and journeyed up the Dnieper River.4. The Byzantine Navy used Greek Fire, or a chemical

mixture which caught fire when it hit water, to rule the sea.

B. Muslims in the Mediterranean1. In 649 CE. Muslims controlled the island of Cyprus and in 799 CE. They controlled Crete, Sicily, & other important

Mediterranean Islands.2. The Byzantine Empire took back Cyprus & Crete and ordered all merchants to stop sending ship building wood & iron to Muslim lands.3. The Italian City-States of Amalfi and Venice disregarded this order because they were far from the rest of the Byzantine Empire and they were growing rich by continued trade with the Muslims.

The Mediterranean & the Black Sea 12-2

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I C. The Rise of the Italian City-States1. Venice grew rich & powerful.

a) They exported wood, wool, & ironb) They imported silks, spices, & ivory which they sold in Europe

2. Other Italian City-States (Pisa & Genoa) formed strong ties with Muslim ports in North Africa.3. In the late 1000 CE. Venice helped the Byzantines by fighting the

Norman invaders and were rewarded by not having to pay taxes on their good traveling through Constantinople.

4. In 1204 CE. the doge, or leader of Venice, told the crusaders to attack Constantinople and after the city fell Venice took control of most of

the Byzantine lands along the eastern Mediterranean.5. The Italian City-States of Genoa, Milan, Florence under the leadership of Venice held a trade monopoly for 200 years.6. In 1453 Ottoman Turks closed Constantinople to all trade and the jealousy of the Italian City-states would cause others to look for another route to Asia beginning the Age of Exploration.

The Northern Seas 12-3

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II C. Merchants In Europe Unite

1. European Merchants face many problems:a) bandits on landb) pirates at seac) paid taxes at every port.

2. In 1200 CE. Merchants form Hansas, or groups to share the costs of trading, such as renting ships and paying guards for trade caravans.

3. By 1300 CE. Over 200 northern European towns join the Hanseatic League.The members agree to protect each other’s merchants and their

trading rights.

4. The League had its own navy, but more often used its economic power. Embargoes, or bans on trade, worked as well as war for gaining trade agreements.

5. This gave them a monopoly on northern sea trade.

The Rebirth of Ideas in Europe 13-1

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I A. The Renaissance Begins In Italy1. The Italian cities of Venice, Naples, Milan, Florence, & Genoa become trading centers. Merchants bring not only goods, but ideas about philosophy, science, geography, and technology.2. Wealthy merchant and banking families took over their city-state’s government.3. These new leaders:

a) valued learningb) appreciated the Greek’s love of beautyc) respected the Roman’s practical ideas of governmentd) became patrons, or supporters of scholars and artists.

4. One family of Florence, de’ Medici, encouraged artist & thinkers paying them.

B. Learning About The World1. Middle Age thinking which focused on God and religion shifted to the importance of the individual.2. People needed to understand how things worked.3. Renaissance scholars studied Greek & Roman ideas preserved by Muslim scholars, however writers wrote in their own language.

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New Ideas in Renaissance Thinking1) The focus changes from God & Heaven (The afterlife) to

Humanity and the Earth (The here & now)

2) The desire to discover how things work (Math & Science)

3) HumanismA doctrine or way of life that developed during the Renaissance which

centered on human interests or values and human capabilities. (Instead of the Divine)

4) IndividualismA Renaissance doctrine that the interests of the individual are of primary

importance and that the individual has political and economic rights. It is concerned with an individual’s accomplishments.

5) SecularismA change of concentration during the Renaissance from the struggle to

attain Heaven to ones earthly existence (One’s position on Earth

which is indifferent or excludes religion)


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I C. Changes in Art1. During the Middle Ages art looked formal & stiff being mostly religious subjects.2. Renaissance Art, includes nonreligious subjects, is more lifelike, faces show emotion and backgrounds look realistic.3. Perspective is the technique allowing the artist to show a difference between things close up or far away.4. Artists are thought of as craftworkers, and form groups of artists, or guilds, which controlled both who worked and the subject.5. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 CE.) was a scientist, engineer, inventor, philosopher, writer and artist. He sketched plants, animals, bones & muscles

and painted the Mona Lisa.6. Michelangelo Buonarroti was a painter, sculpture, and architect. Since his

patron was Pope Julius II most of this work is religious in nature. He did sculptures of David & Moses and painted the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling.

D. The Spread of Ideas1. Johannes Gutenberg uses a printing press with movable type, of interchangeable single letters of the alphabet. More people now have books because printing becomes easier and books become cheaper & affordable.2. William Shakespeare writes poems & plays for royalty, nobles, and ordinary people who crowd London’s Globe Theater to see them.


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I E. Revolution in Science1. The questioning spirit of the Renaissance lead scientist to explore how the physical world works. They used the scientific method which required ideas to be tested through observation & experimentation.2. In the 1500s CE. Nicolaus Copernicus calculated that the earth revolves around the sun, which disputed the church teachings that the earth was the center of the solar system.3. In the 1600s CE. Galileo Galilei proved Copernicus’s theory by using a telescope, an instrument which made faraway objects seem close.4. In 1687 Isaac Newton an English Mathematician wrote a book explaining that gravity, which held objects to the Earth, was the same force that keeps the planets circling the sun.

Famous Renaissance People

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Directions: Match the Person with the achievement1. ___ Johannes Gutenberg (1455)2. ___ Shakespeare3. ___ Nicolas Copernicus4. ___ Galileo Galilei5. ___ Isaac Newton6. ___ Leonardo da Vinci (1452 -1519)7. ___ Michelangelo Buonarroti

Directions: Number These Events in Their Proper Order

1. ___2. ___3. ___4. ___5. ___6. ___

a) Gravity

b) David & the Sistine Chapel

c) The Telescope

d) English Playwright

e) Printing Press & movable type

f) Perspective & the Mona Lisa

g) The Earth revolves around the Sun

a) The merchants of Venice do not have to pay taxes on goods traveling through Constantinople.b) Patrons support scholars and artists.c) The Bubonic Plague causes the knowledge of the Greeks to be lost.d) The 4th Crusade attacks Constantinople.e) Banking Merchant Families become very wealthy.f) The Ottoman Turks close Constantinople to all trade.

Changes in Europe 13-2

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II A. New Monarchies SPAIN1. In 1469 CE. King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile marry uniting their kingdoms. They begin Reconquista, or a plan to reconquer & unify Spain by making it an all Catholic country.

(One Religion & One Government)a) They drive out the Moors (Muslims from North Africa).b) They expel 200,000 Jews.

FRANCE 2) In 1461 CE. Louis XI became ruler of a divided France. Although France

had won a hundred year war with England the French people were tired of fighting for the Nobles.

a) He crushes the power of the warring Noblesb) He granted the middle merchants in every town special favors and gained their support. (and taxes to support him kingdom).

ENGLAND3) In 1485 CE. Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII after winning a battle. To

unite the country he marries the niece of the family he conquered. Then he moves against noble families who still oppose him.

a) he seizes their armies & their land.b) He chooses lesser nobles and people from the middle class to help

him govern England.

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Spain

Byzantine Empire

EUROPE

AFRICA

ASIA

Mediterranean Sea


France

Italy

EnglandP

ort

ug

al

The Rise of the Nation-StatesStrong Central Government, ruler, laws, full time army, common language, & customs.

Changes in Europe 13-2

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II B. Life In Europe1. By 1500 CE. Most people lived in small villages as tenant farmers for Noble land owners. The poor lived in wood huts with straw roofs.2. By 1550 CE. Landowners realized that raising sheep meant more profits that farming the land.3. Thousands of families were thrown off the land as farmer were turned over for pasture.4. Unable to find work uprooted people crowded into the towns and cities and the newcomers willing to work for almost nothing they displaced many who already had a job.

C. A Weaken Church & D. Reformation1. In 1513 CE. One of the de’Medici family became Pope Leo X.

a) He spent church money on himself & sold positions in the churchb) He sold indulgences, or pardons for sin, to raise money. However these pardons were for sins that might be committed in the future.

2. A German priest Martin Luther was shocked that money could buy forgiveness from God. He believed the Bible held all religious teachings.3. On Oct. 31, 1517 Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses listing complaints against the church.4. He as convicted of heresy, or denying the beliefs of the Catholic Church.5. His followers were called Lutherans and other Germans who protested against the church became known as Protestants.6. Many new churches were formed to reform the church and this movement is known as the Reformation.

Prepare for the Test 13

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Many changes occurred during the Renaissance. List all the changes between the Middle Ages & the RenaissanceART

____________________________________________________LITERATURE

____________________________________________________RELIGION

____________________________________________________

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Persuasive Writing Prewriting PlannerA. Introduction

a. Hook

b. Directly state the topic

c. Opinion statement

d. 3 Supporting Details: “To begin with,” “Furthermore,” & “Most importantly.

e. Bridge/Conclusion: “Allow me to further explain.”

B. Body Paragraphs 2 (Early Life), 3 (Adult Life), & 4 (Importance)a) State Idea

b) Evidence #1

c) Evidence #2

d) Bridge/Conclusion

C. Conclusion:a) Restate Topic

b) Restate opinion

c) Restate 3 ideas

d) Clincher/”Utopian” view

e) Thank audience.

Remember: A person admitted To the Renaissance Hall of Fameshould show knowledge oraccomplishments in several intellectual fields. You must Explain why your person should be included by using facts from your research.

Persuasive Writing Prewriting PlannerA. Introduction

a. Hook

b. Directly state the topic

c. Opinion statement

d. 3 Supporting Details: “To begin with,” “Furthermore,” & “Most importantly.

e. Bridge/Conclusion: “Allow me to further explain.”

Cosimo de’Medici is one of the most influencial people of the Italian Renaissance. He not only belongs in the Renaissance Hall of Fame, but should have a place of honor. To begin with the Medici family became important leaders of the Italian City-state of Florence under Cosimo’s leadership and guidance. Furthermore, the Medici’s family’s patronage of artists and scholars is well known. And most importantly their influence even extended to the Catholic Church. Allow me to further explain that during the Italian Renaissance the family of Cosimo de’Medici was the most powerful in all of Florence.


In Florence the Medici was one of the families involved in banking and commerce. Under Cosimo’s leadership he increased the family’s great wealth and influence acquired by his father Giovanni. He did not pursue luxury or excess, but rather government involvement which soon gave the family control of the city-state. They would become the ruling dukes of Florence by 1534, but the family was also interested in other things.


Cosimo de’Medici also encouraged his family’s cultural interests and patronage of artists and scholars. He invited Michelangelo to stay at the family house, where he sculpted one of his earliest works, a stone relief of a battle. The family would also come to support another great artist, inventor, and scientist in Florence, Leonardo da Vinci. He also sought to make his city-state the most beautiful on the Italian Peninsula by encouraging architects in the building of great libraries and marble buildings.However, the family power and influence extends much farther.


Although Cosimo de’Medici was more interested in the secular world around him, he did not neglect religion. He gave huge sums of money to the building of churches and chapels. In fact the Medici family chapel was one of the most beautiful in all of Florence. The family knew the leader of the Roman Catholic Church was the Pope and they eventually saw several of its members become Pope: Pope Leo X, Pope Clement VII, and Pope Leo XI. So the family’s power was felt not just in the Italian city-states, but throughout Europe.


Cosimo de’Medici lead the Medici the most important family of the Renaissance. He was a government leader in his city-state of Florence. He supported the artists Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Even though he died in 1464 CE. his family could eventually even count three Popes of the Roman Catholic Church among its members. In a time when learning and knowledge was highly valued and realistic art glorified the human body, individual Renaissance men, like Cosimo stand out. He deserves the place of honor to be the first elected into our Renaissance Hall of Fame. Thank you for your support and your kind attention.

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The Northern Seas 12-3

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II A. Viking Adventurers1. During the 700 CE. Scandinavia populations grew so quickly that the land could not feed all the people. 2. Sagas, or adventure stories, tell of how each summer Vikings traveled

in their fast, narrow, flat-bottom longboats to steal food and other items.3. Their boats were powered by a single sail and rowers so they could

attack at night or early morning. They killed all who fought and carried off women & children to sell as slaves.

4. Later Vikings began to settle on the lands they attacked. This territorial expansion, or adding of new lands, included Denmark, Iceland,

Greenland, and parts of Russia, England, France, Scotland, & Ireland.

B. The Rus1. Early in the Viking Age raiders settled on the Baltic shore of present day Latvia. They traveled inland to the Dnieper and Volga rivers in Russia and set up the trading centers of Kiev & Novgorod.2. Besides trading goods the Byzantine missionaries introduced them to Christianity.3. The Vikings (Rus) controlled North Seas trade until early 1200 CE.

when 200 Northern European towns formed Hansas, or cooperative trading groups. Using wars and embargoes, or bans on trade, they the

kind of trade agreements they wanted. Eventually one the Hanseatic League had the monopoly in the North Sea Trade

Documents

The Renaissance Respectfully submitted C. Stephen Ingraham CSI09