The Spirit of Reform

Mr. Violanti Iroquois High School Spring 2013

1. Progressive Era: Call for Reform in US by 1900.2. Social Darwinism: “survival of the fittest” Adapt or

become extinct.3. Muckrakers: brought issues of reform to attention of

public through books, photos, news.4. Pure Food & Drug Act: 1906, called for inspection of

food plants due to unsanitary conditions.5. The Jungle: book which detailed unsanitary

conditions of the food industry.6. Upton Sinclair: Author of The Jungle.7. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives author. Exposed

conditions of tenement living.8. Jane Addams: Founded Hull House in Chicago as a

shelter for those without homes, and a way to provide skills.

9. Hull House: Chicago, provided help for poor immigrants.

10. WCTU: 1874, advocate of prohibition & end of alcohol.11. Lochner v. NY: forbid a NY Law limiting hours as

violation of employer contract.12. Suffrage: Right to vote13. Carrie Chapman Catt: started effort to bring suffrage

to Women through National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

14. Booker T. Washington: urged vocational training for African Americans to increase respect from society. (accommodation)

15. W.E.B. DuBois: Blacks should protest treatment and receive liberal education. Founded NAACP.

16. Marcus Garvey: wanted to separate African culture from whites. Urged emigration to Africa.

17. Initiative: allows voters to suggest laws.18. Referendum: voters decide if a law should be passed.

19. Theodore Roosevelt: “Trustbuster”, Square Deal, National Parks.

20. Trust Busting: Breaking up the monopolies and trusts of the Big Business Era.

21. Northern Securities Co. v. United States: Dissolved Northern Securities using the Sherman Anti-Trust act.

22. US v. EC Knight: Sherman Act could not be used to break up EC Knight due to intrastate commerce and manufacturing.

23. Yosemite National Park: First national park. 24. William Howard Taft: followed Roosevelt. Continues

reform of big business.25. Standard Oil v. US: dissolves Oil Monopoly.

“reasonable vs. unreasonable”26. 16th Amendment: Income Tax27. Hammer v. Dagenhart: child labor laws.28. 19th amendment: Women gain right to vote.

By 1880, people believed Industrial development of the US was having bad effects upon society.

Leads to PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

Free Enterprise / capitalism is unfair, unequal Against violent revolution Government must regulate business

(socialism) Government must develop social welfare

programs to care for “have nots” Vote for Women Eliminate Alcohol Eliminate Child Labor Improve Working Conditions

Helped bring about reform by bringing attention to the public through journalism.

Photos, Political Cartoons, Books. Upton Sinclair: The Jungle leads to

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives Thomas Nast: Political Cartoons

attack Boss Tweed and Monopolies.

DUMBELL APARTMENT

Focus on Women’s Rights

Also on improving slums.

Settlement Houses: “HULL HOUSE” in Chicago.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League. Carrie A. Nation,

Frances Willard Moral reform

through banning alcohol. 1920: 18th

amendment bans alcohol.

Women’s Suffrage movement Seneca Falls 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony,

NAWSA 1920—19th amendment gives right to vote

Education for Women Women’s Colleges: Vassar, Wellesley, Smith

The Fight for Birth Control

Derby Day, May 31, 1913: Emily Davison

To fight “Bosses” and machines Secret Ballot Initiative Recall Direct Primary Direct Election of Senators (17th

amendment) WISCONSIN: Robert LaFollette** Federal Income Tax (16th amendment)

National Parks

Date Legislation Purpose

1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act Outlaws monopolies

1903 Department of Commerce National policies of business

1903 Elkins Act Increases power or Interstate Commerce Commission

1906 Pure Food & Drug Act Outlaws interstate trade of “impure” food

1906 Meat Inspection Act Requires Federal inspection of meat

1910 Mann-Elkins Act Powers of ICC extend to communication

1913 Department of Labor New Cabinet Position

1913 16th Amendment Federal Income Tax

1913 17th Amendment Direct election of US Senators

1913 Federal Reserve Act Federal Banking System, The FED

1914 Federal Trade Commission

Investigates monopolies, misleading advertising

1914 Clayton Antitrust Act Strengthens Sherman Act

1916 National Park Service Adminsters National Parks

1919 18th Amendment Prohibits manufacture, sale, transfer of alcohol

1920 19th Amendment Women vote

Federal Progressive Era Legislation: 1890-1920