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Crisis In Cuba
• Cuba is 90-100 miles off coast of US
• Cuba was controlled by Spain, unhappy
• Jose Marti led revolution
• Used guerilla tactics and destroyed property, esp. US (?)
Spanish-American War
• Valeriano Weyler “the Butcher” sets up concentration camps
• Newspaper wars: Hearst vs. Pulitzer use yellow journalism to sell/persuade
• Fanned war fever• Americans
sympathize for Cuba
US Declares War
• McKinley wanted to avoid war with Spain
• Spain made changes• De Lome Letter
angers Americans (Spanish minister to US)
U.S.S. Maine
• USS Maine sent to protect US citizens and investments
• Feb. 15, 1898 Maine blew up
• 260 men killed• Blame is given to
Spain
Spanish-American WarPhilippines
• “Remember the Maine”• April 20 1898 US
declares war• First battle in Philippines• George Dewey led US
forces/rebels• Within 2 months, Spain
surrendered in Philippines
Spanish-American WarCuba
• Blockade of Cuba sealed Spanish fleet
• Rough Riders led by Teddy Roosevelt
• Buffalo Soldiers and Rough Riders were key in Cuban Victory
• San Juan Hill• Spanish fleet destroyed
as it tried to break blockade
Treaty of Paris
• “Splendid little war” ends with US victor
1. Spain freed Cuba2. Guam and Puerto
Rico were given to the US
3. Philippines sold to US for $20 Million
• Can we annex the Philippines?
Annex the Philippines
• Debate occurred• McKinley- “nothing left to
do but to take them, and educate, uplift and Christianize them”
• Violated the Constitution (self gov’t)
• US annexed Philippines by the Treaty of Paris Feb 6, 1899
Filipinos Revolt
• Filipinos rebel against annexation
• Emilio Aguinaldo led the rebellion
• “one leader for another”• 3 years of rebellion• 20,000 Philipinos/4,000
Americans dead• Cost US $400 Million• Became independent July
4, 1946
Puerto Rico
• US forces occupy island
• Promise protection• Important location for
US• Foraker Act-ended
military rule, set up civil government
• 1917 become US citizens, control own gov’t
Cuba
• Occupied by US troops (Teller?)
• Provided food, clothing, schools, farms, medicine, sanitation, removal of disease
• US insists: Accept the Platt Amendment into
Constitution
Platt Amendment
• Can’t make treaties that limited independence
• US had right to intervene in Cuba• Cuba could not go into debt• US could buy/lease land for naval/fueling
stations (Guantanamo Bay)• Accepted reluctantly and lasted for 31
years, Cuba becomes US protectorate (affairs partially controlled by stronger power)