The Southern The Southern ColoniesColonies

The Southern The Southern ColoniesColonies

MarylandMarylandMarylandMaryland

A royal charter wasA royal charter wasgranted to Georgegranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Calvert, Lord Baltimore,Baltimore,in 1632.in 1632.

A A proprietary proprietary colony colony created in 1634.created in 1634.

A healthier locationA healthier locationthan Jamestown.than Jamestown.

Tobacco would be the Tobacco would be the main crop.main crop.

His plan was to govern as an absentee His plan was to govern as an absentee proprietor in a feudal relationship.proprietor in a feudal relationship.

Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic Huge tracts of land granted to his Catholic relatives.relatives.

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

The Settlement of The Settlement of MarylandMaryland

Colonization of Colonization of MarylandMaryland

Colonization of Colonization of MarylandMaryland

St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)St Mary’s City St Mary’s City (1634)(1634)

Currency in Early Currency in Early MarylandMaryland

Currency in Early Currency in Early MarylandMaryland

Colonists only willing to come to MD if Colonists only willing to come to MD if they received land.they received land.

Colonists who did come received Colonists who did come received modest farms dispersed around the modest farms dispersed around the Chesapeake area.Chesapeake area.

Catholic land barons surrounded by Catholic land barons surrounded by mostly Protestant small farmers.mostly Protestant small farmers.

Conflict between barons and farmers led Conflict between barons and farmers led to Baltimore losing proprietary rights at to Baltimore losing proprietary rights at the end of the 17the end of the 17cc..

In the late 1600s, black slaves began to In the late 1600s, black slaves began to be imported.be imported.

A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics

Baltimore permitted high degree of Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.Protestants.

High number of Protestants threatened High number of Protestants threatened because of overwhelming rights given to because of overwhelming rights given to Catholics.Catholics.

Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649 Supported by the Catholics in MD.Supported by the Catholics in MD.

Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

Decreed death to those who denied the Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.].

In one way, it was less tolerant than In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!before the law was passed!!

A Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for CatholicsA Haven for Catholics

MD Toleration Act, MD Toleration Act, 16491649MD Toleration Act, MD Toleration Act, 16491649

The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649The Toleration Act of 1649

...whatsoever person or persons shall from ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders...offender and offenders...

and if they could not pay, they were to be and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...." or grieved by such reproachful language...."

The Carolinas

The Carolinas

The West Indies The West Indies Way Way Station to Mainland Station to Mainland

AmericaAmerica

The West Indies The West Indies Way Way Station to Mainland Station to Mainland

AmericaAmerica1670 a group of small English farmers from the West Indies arrived in Carolina.

Were squeezed out by sugar barons.

Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them.

Names for King Charles II.

The King granted Carolina to 8 supporters [Lord Proprietors].

They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

Colonizing the CarolinasColonizing the CarolinasColonizing the CarolinasColonizing the Carolinas

Carolina developed close economic ties to the West Indies.

Many Carolinian settlers were originally from the West Indies.

They used local Savannah Indians to enslave other Indians [about 10,000] and send them to the West Indies [and some to New England].

1707 Savannah Indians decided to migrate to PA.

PA promised better relations with whites.

Carolinians decided to “thin” the Savannahs before they could leave bloody raids killed most of them by 1710.

Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC

Port of Charles Port of Charles Town, SCTown, SC

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

City with aristocratic feel.

Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

The primary export.

Rice was still an exotic food in England.

Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

Crops of Crops of the the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:

IndigoIndigo

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:

IndigoIndigoIn colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.

Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-from SC & GA: 1698-

17751775

Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-from SC & GA: 1698-

17751775

Conflict With Spanish Conflict With Spanish FloridaFlorida

Conflict With Spanish Conflict With Spanish FloridaFlorida

Catholic Spain hated the mass of Protestants on their borders.

Anglo-Spanish Wars

The Spanish conducted border raids on Carolina.

Either inciting local Native Americans to attack or attacking themselves.

By 1700 Carolina was too strong to be wiped out by the Spanish!

The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolina

The Emergence of North The Emergence of North CarolinaCarolinaNorthern part of Carolina shared a

border with VA

VA dominated by aristocratic planters who were generally Church of England members.

Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.

Poor farmers with little need for slaves.

Religious dissenters.

Distinctive traits of North Carolinians

Irreligious & hospitable to pirates.

Strong spirit of resistance to authority.

1712 NC officially separated from SC.

GeorgiaGeorgia

1818thth c. Southern c. Southern ColoniesColonies

1818thth c. Southern c. Southern ColoniesColonies

Late-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming GeorgiaLate-Coming Georgia

Founded in 1733.

Last of the 13 colonies.

Named in honor of King George II.

Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Received subsidies from British govt. to offset costs of defense.

Export silk and wine.

A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.

Determined to keep slavery out!

Slavery found in GAby 1750.

The Port City of The Port City of Savannah Savannah

The Port City of The Port City of Savannah Savannah

Diverse community.

All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration.

Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians most famous was John Wesley.