The Social Partners and Vocational Guidance for Lower-Paid Workers


2/16

Vubawb ubaa/~rnajgjbf! rmfb|/tnjf uc|hb|y jm n |nmebcg gj|oy jm Najinmvb ejwbm erjfnmib

Gjmanmf > Vubawb gbonab iabnmb|y uc|hjme jm YOBy jm Kcbmyrrejwbm erjfnmib

Jibanmf < Gcr|vbbm gjy`/t|cibyyjme uc|hb|y jm n obfjro/yj{bficotnmz jm \bzhknwh ejwbm erjfnmib

Gjgvbbm onjmvbmnmib uc|hb|y jm n an|eb tcub| yrttajb|jm \bzhknwh ejwbm erjfnmib

Yubfbm > Gjgvbbm acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y jm n |nmeb cg c|enmjynvjcmy|bejyvb|bf ujv` v`b yvb|yrmf Botaczobmv Cggjibyr|wbzbf nmf nm jmgc|onvjcm y`bbv lnybf cm v`jy ybmv vcnaa |bejyvb|bf kcl/i`nmeb|y

Icrmv|z Mrolb| cg

bwnarnvjcmy

Jmjvjnvjwby

Eb|onmz < Zcrme tbctab jm botaczobmv |bibjwjme tyzi`cycijnayrttc|v nmf erjfnmib jm H|bjy Cggbmlni`

Lnfbm/U|vvbolb|e icaabivjwb ne|bbobmv cm WBVjmiarfjme uc|hb|y |je`v vc ntt|njyna

Fbmon|h < Bfrinvjcmna nolnyynfc|y g|co fjggb|bmv rmjcmycggb|jme tbb| erjfnmib jm an|eb nmf obfjro/yj{bficotnmjby

Erjfnmib ic|mb|y ybv rt lz n ucobmy v|nfb rmjcmcggb|jme t|cgbyyjcmna nmf tbb| erjfnmib jm n |nmeb cggj|oy nmf ybivc|y jm Fbmon|h

Jvnaz < Uc|htanib erjfnmib gc| |bibtvjcmjyvy! Ojanm

Erjfnmib jm Ocm{n gc| acu/tnjf uc|hb|y

Arpbolcr|e < Jm/`cryb erjfnmib jm n ycijna gj|o gc| tbctab ujv`fjggjiravz gjmfjme kcly jm v`b ctbm anlcr| on|hbv

Jm/`cryb erjfnmib jm n ycijna gj|o gc| ucobm ujv`fjggjirav `jyvc|jby

Rmjvbf Hjmefco < Vn|ebvbf erjfnmib t|cwjfbf lz n an|eb ijvz icrmija

Erjfnmib ny tn|v cg n Rmjwb|yjvz BotaczbbFbwbactobmv Yi`bob


5/16

2

Wcinvjcmna Erjfnmib nmf Icrmybaajme

V`jy jmiarfby! lrv jm v`jy t|ckbiv jy mcv ajojvbf vc! wcinvjcmna erjfnmib nmf icrmybaajmeyb|wjiby yvnggbf lz v|njmbf t|cgbyyjcmnay- V`b lnyji clkbivjwby cg erjfnmib n|b bmintyranvbf jmv`b icmibtv cg FCVY (Anu ' Unvvy! >:55*;Fbijyjcm/onhjme yhjaay (`cu vc onhb ybmyjlab fbijyjcmy nmf tanmy*

Cttc|vrmjvz nun|bmbyy (u`nv ctvjcmy n|b ctbm vc jmfjwjfrnay*V|nmyjvjcm yhjaay (`cu vc trv tanmy jm ctb|nvjcm*Ybag nun|bmbyy (u`nv v`bz v`boybawby n|b ajhb nmf u`nv v`bz unmv*-@bmib! erjfnmib inm nayc jmiarfb;

@ronm |bycr|ib fbwbactobmv (@\F* uc|h8 Nyybyyobmv t|cibyyby nmf ntt|njynay lz onmneb|y8 Nfwjib nmf erjfnmib g|co y`ct yvbun|fy c| cv`b| v|nfb rmjcm |bt|bybmvnvjwby8 Erjfnmib ny n tn|v cg bfrinvjcmna c| v|njmjme icr|yby! lcv` jm/yb|wjib nmf t|cwjfbf

bpvb|mnaaz8 Tbb| erjfnmib nmf icrmybaajme (v`nv jy! in||jbf crv lz cmby b~rnay! gbaacu/botaczbby

bvi-*8 Obmvc|jme (v`b nttcjmvobmv cg n oc|b bptb|jbmibf tb|ycm u`c inm ajyvbm! nfwjyb nmf

ejwb gbbflnih u`bm v`b obmvbb nyhy gc| v`jy*8 Ybag/nyybyyobmv obv`cfy (tntb| c| babiv|cmji! wjn erjfnmib ubl yjvby*8 Jmgc|onvjcm |bycr|iby yri` ny in|bb|y ajl|n|jby8 Vbabt`cmb batajmby-

V`b nivjwjvjby cg erjfnmib

Nm bfrinvjcmna erjfnmib yb|wjib ujaa in||z crv ycob c| naa cg v`b gcaacujme; Jmgc|onvjcm! gc| bpnotab! cm nwnjanlab abn|mjme cttc|vrmjvjby8 Nyybyyobmv cg nm jmfjwjfrnay bfrinvjcmna mbbfy8 Nfwjib cm n |nmeb cg yrjvnlab abn|mjme cttc|vrmjvjby8 Icrmybaajme vc fbna ujv` ln||jb|y yri` ny acu ybag/icmgjfbmib c| ybag/byvbbo8 In|bb|y bfrinvjcm! vc jmgc|o jmfjwjfrnay cg v`b hjmfy cg bfrinvjcm mbbfbf gc| ib|vnjm

in|bb|y nmf nayc v`b hjmfy cg in|bb|y gc| u`ji` v`bj| ir||bmv ~rnajgjinvjcmy onhb v`bobajejlab8

Tanibobmv (oc|b g|b~rbmvaz gc| uc|h bptb|jbmib jm gj|oy! lrv vnyvb| icr|yby n|b nmb~rjwnabmv bpnotab*8

\bgb||na vc abn|mjme t|cwjfb|y c| cv`b| vztby cg nebmiz! gc| bpnotab! cmby fbnajme ujv`|banvbf jyyrby yri` ny ycijna lbmbgjvy8

Nfwciniz! lz |bt|bybmvjme v`b jmfjwjfrna vc n tn|vjiran| abn|mjme t|cwjfb|8 Gbbflnih vc abn|mjme t|cwjfb|y! gc| bpnotab! cm v`b hjmfy cg abn|mjme cttc|vrmjvz

mbbfbf lrv mcv ir||bmvaz nwnjanlab8 Gcaacu/rt! vc fjyicwb| v`b bggbivy cm v`b jmfjwjfrna cg v`b erjfnmib t|cwjfbf-

Bwbm t|cgbyyjcmna wcinvjcmna erjfnmib nmf icrmybaajme yb|wjiby |n|baz in||z crv naa v`bybnivjwjvjby-

N fbgjmjvjcm cg v`b tr|tcyb cg erjfnmib

V`b erjfnmib t|cibyy jvybag t|cwjfby abn|mjme bptb|jbmiby vc bmnlab iajbmvy vc ni~rj|bhmcuabfeb! yhjaay nmf icotbvbmijby |banvbf vc onhjme tb|ycmna! bfrinvjcmna nmf in|bb|fbijyjcmy (Ian|h! >:::! t- >4*-Jv jy jotc|vnmv vc mcvb v`nv erjfnmib y`craf lb jotn|vjna! icmgjfbmvjna! ibmv|bf cm v`b mbbfy cgv`b jmfjwjfrna nmf! ny gn| ny tcyyjlab! `cajyvji! vnhjme jmvc niicrmv ycijna nmf ajgb

ij|iroyvnmiby u`ji` jotniv cm fbijyjcm/onhjme- V`byb icmfjvjcmy nttaz ny ori` vcuc|htanib erjfnmib ny vc nmz cv`b| hjmf-


6/16

7

Acub|/Tnjf Uc|hb|y

V`b tn|vmb|y`jt bmenebf jm ori` fjyiryyjcm cg fbgjmjvjcmy! tn|vjiran|az v`nv cg acu/tnjfuc|hb|- Jm v`b bmf! lbinryb jv uny gbav v`nv v`b t`|nyb uny yvjeonvjyjme! ub i`nmebf v`bbpt|byyjcm vc acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y-

Cr| vn|ebv e|crt uc|hy jm v`b gc|ona (v`nv jy! abena* bicmcoz- Ub n|b mcv `b|b icmib|mbf ujv`tbctab uc|hjme jm v`b e|bz c| jaabena bicmcoz! c| ujv` rmbotaczbf tbctab- Acub|/tnjfuc|hb|y onz lb;

Obm c| ucobm8 \bibjwjme nm jmicob g|co graa/vjob! tn|v/vjob! ybyyjcmna c| inyrna uc|h8 Cm gjpbf c| tb|onmbmv icmv|nivy8 Botaczbf c| ybag/botaczbf8 Cg nmz neb! cg nmz bv`mji e|crt c| ijvj{bmy`jt yvnvry8 Fjynlabf c| jm |bnycmnlab `bnav`8 Acme/vb|o botaczbf! mbu botaczbby c| |bvr|mb|y vc botaczobmv ngvb| n l|bnh gc|

i`jafin|b! |bfrmfnmiz! jaambyy bvi--

Acu/tnjf jy byybmvjnaaz n |banvjwb vb|o / jv obnmy v`cyb uc|hb|y nv c| mbn| v`b lcvvco cg v`bmnvjcmna tnz yinab! c| u`cyb bn|mjmey cwb| n zbn| n|b yrlyvnmvjnaaz acub| v`nm nwb|neb mnvjcmnabn|mjmey- Jv jmiarfby mcv cmaz tbctab ajwjme jm nlycarvb tcwb|vz (v`nv jy! rmnlab vc lrz v`bojmjoro nocrmv cg gccf! y`bavb| bvi vc yryvnjm ajgb jm v`b acme |rm* lrv nayc v`cyb ajwjme jm|banvjwb tcwb|vz! v`nv jy! nv n abwba lbacu v`nv u`ji` jy icmyjfb|bf v`b ojmjoro niibtvnlab jmv`nv ycijbvz nv v`nv vjob-

\bybn|i` cm acu tnz jm Br|ctb

V`b|b n|b onmz unzy cg fbgjmjme acu tnz lrv mc v|nmy/Br|ctbnm fbgjmjvjcm nv v`b vjob cgu|jvjme- Yjawnmn E|bic! v`b t|ckbiv tn|vmb| g|co Jvnaz! in||jbf crv ycob fbyh |bybn|i` cm v`jyjyyrb- Y`b gcrmf v`nv v`b onjm v`bc|jyvy n|b \nmij! Inyvbaay! Vcr|njmb! Ejffbmy nmf Lbih- V`bBr|ctbnm Acu/Uneb Botaczobmv \bybn|i` Mbvuc|h (ACUB\* jy cg clwjcry jmvb|byv vc ry-Vc yroon|jyb! y`b gcrmf v`|bb vztby cg ninfboji bptanmnvjcm gc| v`b uc|hjme tcc|;

Oni|c / jmiarfjme v`b anlcr| on|hbv! fboce|nt`z! ybivc|na i`nmeb! jmyvjvrvjcmnagnivc|y8

Oji|c / ycijna! iravr|na nmf bfrinvjcmna gnivc|y / jmfjwjfrna ajgb icmfjvjcmy8 Oni|c oji|c / bicmcoji nmf cv`b| yv|rivr|na gnivc|y ycijna mbvuc|hy (gnojaz!

mbje`lcr|`ccf* jmfjwjfrna gnivc|y (bfrinvjcm! bnav`*-

V`b |banvjcmy`jt lbvubbm v`b gnivc|y jy mcv ajmbn| lrv oravjfjobmyjcmna-

Uc|h jy ebmb|naaz lbicojme oc|b rmyvnlab nmf yc naa n|b nv |jyh- Bwbm ycobcmb ujv` n eccfkcl inm yrggb| v`|cre`! b-e- fjwc|ib! tb|ycmna fjggjiravjby! tcc| `bnav`! acyy cg tn|vmb|y kcl-V`jy jotajby v`b mbbf gc| n ojpvr|b cg tcajijby / anlcr|! `cryjme! `bnav`! bfrinvjcm#v|njmjme

nmf v`b fbwbactobmv cg bpjyvjme ubagn|b yzyvboy-V`b|b jy nffjvjcmna |jyh gc| v`cyb ujv`;

Acu bicmcoji (onvb|jna* |bycr|iby! jmiarfjme acu jmicob! tcc| `cryjme! ubagn|byrlyjfjby8

Acyy c| nlybmib cg ycijna mbvuc|hy! anih cg ycijna jmvbe|nvjcm! tcc| niibyy vc ycijnayb|wjiby8

Tb|ycmna fjggjiravjby! jmiarfjme acu abwba cg bfrinvjcm! tcc| gnojaz `bnav` icmfjvjcmy-Jm nvvbotvjme n fbgjmjvjcm cg acu/tnjf uc|hb|y nv |jyh cg ycijna bpiaryjcm! v`b gcaacujmegnivc|y n|b jmfjinvc|y;

Acu abwba cg jmicob8 Rmyvnlab kcl8 Acu abwba cg bfrinvjcm8


7/16

5

Lbjme nm jooje|nmv! n |bgrebb! `nwjme n fjynljajvz! c| cv`b| hjmf cg fjynfwnmvneb-V`b e|bnvb| v`b mrolb| cg v`byb gnivc|y gc| nm jmfjwjfrna! v`b e|bnvb| v`b |jyh-

V`b|b n|b onmz fbgjmjvjcmy cg acu/tnjf botaczobmv- Ycob n|b lnybf cm jmicob! cv`b|y cmuneb |nvby! u`bv`b| `cr|az! fnjaz! ubbhaz c| ocmv`az- Ycob acch nv mbv jmicob! cv`b|y nve|cyy- V`b CBIF `ny fnvn gc| n |nmeb cg icrmv|jby lrv mc yjmeab fbgjmjvjcm- Gr|v`b|oc|b!

ujv`jm acu tnz! v`b|b n|b ybwb|na wn|jnlaby! yri` ny v`b abwba cg bfrinvjcm! ybp! vztb cg kcl!ybivc| nmf yj{b cg bmvb|t|jyb-

V`b|b jy mc ybv t|ctc|vjcm cg naa ycijbvjby v`nv inm lb icmyjfb|bf acu/tnjf- Jm ycobicrmv|jby! onmz tbctab `nwb acu bn|mjmey nmf yv|reeab vc onhb n fbibmv ajgb gc| v`boybawbynmf#c| v`bj| gnojajby (ny jm! gc| bpnotab! v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco*- Jm cv`b| icrmv|jby! yri` onzicmyvjvrvb cmaz n yonaa ojmc|jvz (ny jm! gc| bpnotab! Fbmon|h*-

^rnmvjvnvjwb ntt|cni`by

Ycob icrmv|jby `nwb n ~rnmvjvnvjwb fbgjmjvjcm cg acu tnz nmf u`b|b v`jy jy v`b inyb v`btn|vmb|y icraf i`ccyb vc ryb v`jy fbgjmjvjcm-Gc| bpnotab! acu tnjf uc|hb|y oje`v lb tbctab;

Bn|mjme lbacu n ib|vnjm tb|ibmvneb cg v`b jmfryv|jna nwb|neb uneb8 Bn|mjme cmaz v`b ojmjoro uneb ybv lz v`b yvnvb8 Bn|mjme rt vc n ib|vnjm tb|ibmvneb nlcwb v`b ojmjoro uneb8 U`cyb jmicob g|co botaczobmv jy yrttabobmvbf lz yvnvb ycijna ybir|jvz tnzobmvy cm

v`b e|crmfy v`nv cv`b|ujyb v`bj| jmicob jy vcc acu vc yrttc|v n fbibmv yvnmfn|f cg ajgb8 U`cyb bn|mjmey gnaa nv c| lbacu v`b cggjijna tcwb|vz ajmb fbyjemnvbf lz v`b yvnvb c| lz

bptb|vy jm tcwb|vz-V`b jmicob vnhbm jmvc icmyjfb|nvjcm oje`v lb nmmrna jmicob c| `cr|az uneb-

^rnajvnvjwb ntt|cni`

Jv jy mcv mbibyyn|z! `cubwb|! vc `nwb n ~rnmvjvnvjwb fbgjmjvjcm- Icoocm ybmyb inm lb wb|zojyabnfjme lrv ny bptb|vy jm cr| gjbafy ub |bajbf cm cr| icoocm ybmyb jm v`jy onvvb|- Ub n|bubaa nun|b v`nv ib|vnjm ciirtnvjcmy jm onmz icrmv|jby n|b ryrnaaz acub|/tnjf v`nm cv`b|y! yri`ny iabnmjme! invb|jme! `cvba uc|h! rmyhjaabf onmrna uc|h! in|bvnhjme! iab|jina uc|h! uc|hjmeny y`ct nyyjyvnmvy! ny `cytjvna tc|vb|y nmf c|fb|ajby! ny rm~rnajgjbf in|b|y jm |bvj|bobmv!mr|yjme c| i`jaf|bmy `coby! nmf ycob hjmfy cg `cob uc|hjme tnjf nv tjbib/|nvby- Jm ebmb|na!u`b|b v`b yrttaz cg jaa/~rnajgjbf! acu/yhjaabf c| fbytb|nvb tbctab jy e|bnvb| v`nm v`b mrolb| cgacu/yhjaabf kcly nwnjanlab! yri` kcly ujaa vbmf vc lb acu tnjf-

Gbnvr|by cg acub|/tnjf uc|h

Acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y n|b cg jmvb|byv vc ry gc| |bnycmy cv`b| v`nm v`b gniv v`nv v`bz n|b acu tnjf-Yri` |bnycmy onz jmiarfb;

Kcl jmybir|jvz lbinryb cg icmv|niv uc|h! inyrna uc|h c| ybnycmna uc|h! botaczobmv jmn fbiajmjme ybivc| cg v`b bicmcoz nmf v`b|bgc|b nv |jyh cg |bfrmfnmiz! nffbf vc anih cgyhjaay v`nv inm bnyjaz lb v|nmygb||bf vc nmcv`b| ybivc| cg v`b bicmcoz! n acu abwba cgbfrinvjcm c| cg bfrinvjcmna ~rnajgjinvjcmy u`ji` jotbfby v`bo g|co clvnjmjme n ybir|bkcl! bvi-8

Acu abwba cg cttc|vrmjvjby gc| in|bb| nfwnmibobmv lbinryb cg anih cg ~rnajgjinvjcmy!jmntt|ct|jnvb ~rnajgjinvjcmy! anih cg niibyy vc bfrinvjcm nmf v|njmjme! mc t|cocvbf kclyjm v`nv tn|v cg v`b c|enmjynvjcm! tcc| ybag/icmgjfbmib nmf ybag/byvbbo! bvi-8

Anih cg yb|wjiby nmf yrttc|v! yri` ny botaczb|y yzyvboy cg ntt|njyna! botaczbbfbwbactobmv yi`boby! erjfnmib yb|wjiby! obmvc|y! bvi-


8/16

0

V`b uc|hb|y jmwcawbf jm v`b t|ckbiv

Iabnmb|y jm Gjmanmf! t|cfrivjcm ajmb uc|hb|y jm n gjy`/t|cibyyjme gnivc|z nmf rmyhjaabfonjmvbmnmib uc|hb|y nv n tcub| tanmv jm Jibanmf! `cytjvna c|fb|ajby jm v`b I{bi` \btrlaji!~rnajgjbf lrv rmfb|/botaczbf uc|hb|y jm Ytnjm nmf n fjytn|nvb e|crt cg acub|/tnjf uc|hb|yjm Yubfbm u`c jmiarfbf obolb|y cg v`b Yubfjy` Ormjijtna Uc|hb|y Rmjcm (YHNG*! v`b

Yubfjy` Obvna Uc|hb|y Rmjcm! nmf YBHC (Rmjcm gc| Yb|wjib nmf Icoormjinvjcm* ub|bnocme v`cyb u`c |bibjwbf jmgc|onvjcm! nfwjib nmf erjfnmib ny n |byrav cg v`b tjacv t|ckbiv- Jmnffjvjcm! v|nfb rmjcm obolb|y jm v`b I{bi` \btrlaji |bibjwbf v|njmjme vc ejwb erjfnmib vcobolb|y cg v`bj| rmjcmy-

Cv`b|y jmwcawbf jm |bibjwjme erjfnmib (jm bwnarnvjcmy nmf gjbaf |bybn|i * jmiarfbf onmrna!iab|jina! ybi|bvn|jna nmf vbi`mjina yvngg nv v`b Rmjwb|yjvz cg Eanyecu nmf Eanyecu IjvzIcrmija8 tbctab uc|hjme gc| vuc ycijna gj|oy jm Arpbolcr|e! jmwcawjme ybujme nmf anrmf|zuc|h nmf en|fbm uc|h8 zcrme uc|hb|y nv |jyh cg rmbotaczobmv nmf cafb| uc|hb|y jmEb|onmz8 gnivc|z uc|hb|y jm Fbmon|h nmf |bibtvjcmjyvy jm Jvnaz8 nmf lcv` botaczbf nmf ybag/botaczbf tbctab jm t|bin|jcry bicmcoji yjvrnvjcmy jm Fbmon|h nmf Jvnaz-

V`b onkc|jvz `nf acu abwbay cg bfrinvjcm nmf ub|b uc|hjme jm kcly ebmb|naaz |ben|fbf ny acu/

yhjaabf (nav`cre` v`jy tb|ibtvjcm inm lb i`naabmebf*- Onmz `nf acu ybag/icmgjfbmib nmf ybag/byvbbo- Ycob! cubwb|! nf icotabvbf rttb| ybicmfn|z bfrinvjcm c| bwbm rmjwb|yjvz! lrvyvjaa |b~rj|bf erjfnmib vc gjmf v`b hjmf cg botaczobmv yrjvnlab vc v`bj| bfrinvjcm nmf v`bv|njmjme vc icmwb|v g|co ninfboji yvrfjby vc wcinvjcmna yhjaay-

Nav`cre` v`b e|bnv onkc|jvz cg tbctab jmvb|wjbubf `nf ntt|bijnvbf v`b cttc|vrmjvz vc |bibjwberjfnmib nmf `nf gcrmf jv rybgra! ocyv fjf mcv ujy` vc i`nmeb v`bj| kcly nmf ycob ub|b mcvjmvb|byvbf jm gr|v`b| bfrinvjcm c| v|njmjme- Mbwb|v`babyy! v`b|b ub|b tcyjvjwb crvicoby jm v`bgc|o cg jmi|bnybf ybag/byvbbo nmf ybag/icmgjfbmib nmf e|bnvb| nun|bmbyy cg v`b nwnjanljajvz cglcv` erjfnmib nmf abn|mjme cttc|vrmjvjby-

Acu Tnz nmf Ajgbacme Abn|mjme

Onmz (lrv mcv naa* acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y `nwb bfrinvjcmna mbbfy- V`bz onz `nwb; Mc bfrinvjcm c| ~rnajgjinvjcmy8 Tb|`nty t|claboy ujv` ajvb|niz nmf#c| mrob|niz8 Lnyji bfrinvjcm! mc c| acu/abwba ~rnajgjinvjcmy (gc| bpnotab! clvnjmbf cm abnwjme

yi`cca nv v`b ojmjoro yi`cca abnwjme neb*8 Jmnfb~rnvb e|nyt cg v`b mnvjcmna anmerneb |b~rj|bf gc| |bnycmnlaz/ubaa/tnjf

botaczobmv (`cubwb| eccf v`b e|nyt cg cmby ocv`b| vcmerb oje`v lb*8 ^rnajgjinvjcmy u`ji` n|b mcv |bicemjybf! c| n|b icmyjfb|bf crv cg fnvb! c| n|b |bfrmfnmv

c| jmntt|ct|jnvb jm ycob cv`b| unz8 Acu icmgjfbmib jm v`bj| abn|mjme yhjaay nmf |byjyvnmib vc rmfb|vnhjme gr|v`b| abn|mjme8 Mc niibyy vc grmfjme gc| abn|mjme8 Mc acina t|cwjyjcm cg abn|mjme cttc|vrmjvjby-

Ajgbacme abn|mjme inm lb ybbm ny n v`|bnv |nv`b| v`nm nm cttc|vrmjvz c| n kcz- Onmz tbctab`nf tcc| abn|mjme bptb|jbmiby nv yi`cca nmf fc mcv ujy` vc |btbnv v`bo- Tb|`nty v`b vb|oabn|mjme! |nv`b| v`nm ajgbacme abn|mjme jy abyy v`|bnvbmjme! tn|vjiran|az jg ub fbgjmb jv ~rjvbl|cnfaz- V`b vb|o abn|mjme jmiarfby u`nv n|b cgvbm |bgb||bf vc ny bfrinvjcm c| v|njmjme nyubaa ny nivjwjvjby u`ji` n|b mcv icmwbmvjcmnaaz |ben|fbf ny abn|mjme- V`b gcaacujme ajyvjmiarfby vztby cg abn|mjme lz yrlkbiv onvvb|! lz ocvjwnvjcm! lz vztb! lz abn|mjme t|cwjfb| nmflz grmfb|-

Jmfjwjfrna ocvjwnvjcmy gc| abn|mjme

Vc jot|cwb yhjaay jm n kcl8 Vc ebv n lbvvb| kcl8


9/16

:

Gc| tabnyr|b8 Vc |bajbwb yv|byy c| lc|bfco8 Vc obbv tbctab8 Gc| tb|ycmna fbwbactobmv8 Vc jot|cwb cmby ojmf8 Vc hbbt cmby l|njm najwb-

Vztby cg abn|mjme

Gc|ona abn|mjme jm onjmyv|bno bfrinvjcmna yzyvbo / v`jy onz jmiarfb vnre`v icr|yby!yrtb|wjybf t|ckbivy! fjyvnmib abn|mjme! abn|mjme nv cmby cum tnib (yri` ny jm ycobgc|oy cg ctbm abn|mjme*8

Mcm/gc|ona abn|mjme in||jbf crv lz nebmijby nmf jmyvjvrvjcmy u`cyb t|jon|z tr|tcyb jymcv bfrinvjcm (gc| bpnotab! v|nfb rmjcmy! bmvb|t|jyby*8

Jmgc|ona abn|mjme (jmiarfjme bptb|jbmvjna abn|mjme! abn|mjme cm v`b kcl! ybag/tanmmbfabn|mjme t|ckbivy! abn|mjme v`|cre` clljby nmf tnyvjoby*-

Abn|mjme t|cwjfb|y

Icaabeby! rmjwb|yjvjby! v|njmjme c|enmjynvjcmy! ic||bytcmfbmib yi`ccay8 Icoormjvz bfrinvjcm yb|wjiby8 Bpv|n/or|na c| nfrav bfrinvjcm fbtn|vobmvy! gcah je` yi`ccay8 Erjfnmib yb|wjiby8 Botaczb|y8 V|nfb rmjcmy8 Wcarmvn|z c|enmjynvjcmy Jmfjwjfrnay v`boybawby-

Yrlkbivy cg abn|mjme

Ninfboji! nlyv|niv c| v`bc|bvjina8 T|nivjina yhjaay (gc| n kcl! gc| cmbybag! gc| v`b icoormjvz*8 Ojpvr|b cg lcv` cg nlcwb8 Ycijnaaz rybgra yhjaay (gc| bpnotab! yjem anmerneb*8 @cu vc in||z crv n |cab! gc| bpnotab! v|nfb rmjcm nivjwjvjby8 \beranvjcmy nmf abejyanvjcm! gc| bpnotab! b~rna cttc|vrmjvjby! `bnav` nmf yngbvz8 Nyybyyjme nmf u`b|b mbibyyn|z jot|cwjme cmby yhjaay nmf nljajvjby8 Onmnejme vjob! ocmbz! in|bb|8 Bmv|bt|bmbr|y`jt8 Ycijna yhjaay! jmiarfjme nmeb| onmnebobmv! nyyb|vjwbmbyy8 Uc|h iravr|b8 Nmcv`b| anmerneb8 @clljby nmf tnyvjoby-

Acinvjcmy cg abn|mjme

Ianyy|cco8 V|njmjme uc|hy`ct8 Uc|htanib8 @cob8 Ajl|n|z8 Jm g|cmv cg n icotrvb|8


11/16

>>

\bvj|bf uc|hb|y cggb|jme obmvc|jme vc wramb|nlab zcrme uc|hb|y! ny c|enmjybf lz v`bKebmfl|c (Zcrv` Cggjib* cg Mbr/Jybmlr|e jm H|bjy Cggbmlni`! Eb|onmz-

Ajmb onmneb|y! gc| bpnotab! v`|cre` nm ntt|njyna yzyvbo (oc|b g|b~rbmvaz cggb|bf vc`je`b|/tnjf botaczbby* c| jmgc|ona i`nv (ybb v`b Eb|onm |btc|v*-

Erjfnmib icraf nayc lb icmfrivbf lz ronm |bycr|ib tb|ycmmba-

V`b hjmfy cg erjfnmib ejwbm jm v`b t|ckbiv

Ub gcrmf! c| ebmb|nvbf! bpnotaby cg onmz hjmfy cg erjfnmib! |nmejme g|co yjotabjmgc|onvjcm/ejwjme vc graaz/gabfebf erjfnmib cm v`b FCVY ocfba- Erjfnmib uny gcrmf jm nwn|jbvz cg acinvjcmy8 jv uny cggb|bf c| icoojyyjcmbf lz v|nfb rmjcmy nmf botaczb|y8 jv unyin||jbf crv lz v|njmbf erjfnmib icrmybaac|y! v|nfb rmjcm abn|mjme nfwjyc|y nmf gbaacu/uc|hb|yejwjme tbb| erjfnmib- Jv inm lb fcmb bptbmyjwbaz! lz `j|jme v|njmbf erjfnmib icrmybaac|y8 c| jvinm lb fcmb jmbptbmyjwbaz! ngvb| v`b jmjvjna icyvy cg v|njmjme! wjn bpvbmfjme v`b mc|onagrmivjcmy cg onmneb|y c| ejwjme lnyji v|njmjme jm tbb| erjfnmib nmf obmvc|jme vc botaczbbynmf rmjcm cggjijnay- V`jy ujfb wn|jbvz cg erjfnmib nivjwjvjby! ryjme fjggb|bmv obv`cfcacejby!inm lb gcrmf jm v`b t|ckbiv |btc|vy- V`byb jmiarfb;

E|crt erjfnmib ryjme v`b yv|rivr|bf e|crt erjfnmib ocfba fbwbactbf lz Lc|ebm nmfNormfycm nmf fbajwb|bf vc vubawb ucobm iabnmb|y jm YOBy (ybb v`b Gjmmjy` |btc|v*8 E|crt erjfnmib icmfrivbf lz gbaacu/uc|hb|y (ybb v`b Fnmjy` |btc|v*8 N ojpvr|b cg e|crt nmf jmfjwjfrna erjfnmib! ryjme v`b tyzi`cacejina erjfnmib

obv`cf cg icotbvbmib nyybyyobmv! ujv` bje`v cytjvna c|fb|ajby (ybb v`b I{bi` |btc|v!tn|v nmf *-


12/16

> U`c tnzy3

V`b erjfnmib nivjwjvjby fbyi|jlbf jm v`b t|ckbiv nmf baybu`b|b n|b grmfbf jm n wn|jbvz cg unzy;

Tnjf gc| lz botaczjme c|enmjynvjcmy! trlaji! ycijna nmf t|jwnvb! ny jm v`b yvrfjby g|coJvnaz! Arpbolcr|e nmf v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco8

Tnjf gc| lz v|nfb rmjcmy! ny jm v`b I{bi`! Fnmjy` nmf Jvnajnm yvrfjby! ny ubaa nyyb|wjiby gc| |bfrmfnmv uc|hb|y jm Yubfbm8

Tnjf gc| lz v`b yvnvb! ny jm Eb|onmz! Yubfbm nmf Gjmanmf! c| yrlyjfjybf lz v`b yvnvb!gc| bpnotab! v`|cre` v`b Rmjcm Abn|mjme Grmf jm v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco8

Tnjf gc| c| yrlyjfjybf lz cr| t|ckbiv! ny jm v`b I{bi`! Ytnmjy`! Gjmmjy`! Jibanmfji nmfYubfjy` yvrfjby8

Tnjf gc| lz acina bicmcoji ebmb|nvjcm nebmijby! ny jm v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco8 Tnjf gc| lz jmfjwjfrnay! gc| bpnotab! lz niibyyjme t|jwnvb nebmijby! c| v`|cre` v`b

icyvy cg ecjme cmajmb vc niibyy erjfnmib-

U`bm icmyjfb|jme v`b inyb cg erjfnmib gc| acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y! vuc nffjvjcmna ~rbyvjcmyn|jyb;

< U`c y`craf tnz3

9 U`c inm tnz3

V`b nmyub|y vc v`b gj|yv cg v`byb ~rbyvjcmy onz |byv cm n gr|v`b| ~rbyvjcm;

6 U`c lbmbgjvy3

Ny nyyb|vbf nlcwb! v`b erjfnmib abnfjme vc ajgbacme abn|mjme lbmbgjvy v`b botaczb|! v|nfbrmjcmy! v`b uc|hb|y v`boybawby nmf yvnvb nmf ycijbvz ny n u`cab- Jm v`jy ybmyb! nmz c| naa

y`craf tnz v`b icyvy cg erjfnmib-

Y`craf botaczb|y tnz3

An|eb nmf bwbm ycob obfjro/yj{bf botaczb|y `nwb v`b |bycr|iby! jm vb|oy cg grmfjme nmfyvngg! vc t|cwjfb bfrinvjcmna erjfnmib gc| naa v`bj| uc|hb|y! nmf onmz fc! v`cre` mcv naaicmyjfb| v`b mbbfy cg v`bj| acub|/tnjf yvngg- V`b|b jy |cco gc| jot|cwbobmv! lrv jv jy cgvbm v`ban|eb| gj|oy! yri` ny v`b Rmjwb|yjvz cg Eanyecu nmf Eanyecu Ijvz Icrmija! u`ji` t|cwjfbrybgra ocfbay-

Yonaa nmf oji|c gj|oy cgvbm fc mcv `nwb yri` |bycr|iby nmf jv ybboy rm|bnycmnlab v`nv v`bzy`craf bjv`b| t|cwjfb c| tnz gc| erjfnmib gc| v`bj| uc|hb|y- Ub yreebyv n mrolb| cgnavb|mnvjwby! jmiarfjme;

Fbajwb|z cg erjfnmib! yrlyjfz c| tnzobmv lz v`b yvnvb! tb|`nty jm v`b gc|o cgerjfnmib cggb|bf lz v`b Botaczobmv Yb|wjib c| lz n acina bicmcoji |bebmb|nvjcmnebmiz8

Fbajwb|z cg erjfnmib! yrlyjfz c| tnzobmv lz nm botaczb|y gbfb|nvjcm yri` ny ni`nolb| cg icoob|ib8

Gc|onvjcm cg icmyc|vjn ujv` cv`b| yonaa gj|oy nmf y`n|jme |bycr|iby8 Fbajwb|z cg erjfnmib! yrlyjfz c| tnzobmv lz an|eb| icmv|nivjme gj|oy-

U`bm nyhbf nlcrv erjfnmib gc| v`bj| uc|hb|y! cmb gbn| cgvbm bpt|byybf lz botaczb|y!bytbijnaaz jm yonaa gj|oy! jy v`nv v`bz ujaa acyb v`bj| botaczbby vc cv`b| gj|oy jg v`bz |bibjwberjfnmib nmf rmfb|vnhb abn|mjme v`nv onhby v`bo oc|b botacznlab- V`jy! `cubwb|! jy lz mc

obnmy jmbwjvnlab- V`b Gjmmjy` yvrfz! gc| bpnotab! gcrmf v`nv gbu cg v`b uc|hb|y ejwbmerjfnmib unmvbf vc i`nmeb v`bj| botaczb|-


13/16

>9

Jg v`bz v`cre`v cg in|bb| t|ce|byyjcm! jv uny ujv`jm v`bj| bpjyvjme botaczobmv- V`bjotc|vnmib cg gnojajn|jvz ujv` v`b uc|h! v`b onmnebobmv! v`b acinvjcm nmf gbaacu/botaczbbyy`craf mcv lb rmfb|/byvjonvbf- Gr|v`b|oc|b! v`b cggb| cg erjfnmib nmf abn|mjme cttc|vrmjvjbyonhby botaczbby gbba oc|b wnarbf nmf icmv|jlrvby vc v`bj| acznavz vc v`b botaczb| / u`ji` jy!cg icr|yb! cmb cg v`b |bnycmy ycob an|eb| botaczb|y nwb Botaczbb Fbwbactobmv Yi`boby-

V`b Ytnmjy` yvrfz! cm v`b cv`b| `nmf! gcrmf v`nv mbn|az naa v`b uc|hb|y ejwbm erjfnmibunmvbf vc gjmf cv`b| botaczb|y! lbinryb v`bz ub|b rmfb|/wnarbf nmf ycobvjoby bptacjvbf jmv`bj| ir||bmv kcly- Yjmib v`b Ytnmjy` tn|vmb| |bt|bybmvy acina lryjmbyyby! jv inmmcv acejinaazicmvjmrb vc ejwb erjfnmib vc uc|hb|y u`c jmvbmf vc ryb jv jm c|fb| vc abnwb v`bj| kcly(nav`cre` v`bz ujaa t|byronlaz gjmf uc|h ujv` cv`b| obolb|y cg v`b Gbfb|nvjcm*-

V`b uc|hb|y jm v`b Yubfjy` yvrfz ub|b |bejyvb|bf ujv` v`b Botaczobmv Yb|wjib ytbijgjinaazlbinryb v`bz ujy`bf vc i`nmeb botaczb|y! yc v`bz fc mcv |bt|bybmv naa botaczbby- V`b ynobicraf lb ynjf! cg icr|yb! gc| v`b Ytnmjy` yvrfbmvy! u`c ub|b yvrfzjme nv v`b ICBTNGcrmfnvjcm gc| v`b ynob |bnycm / vc ebv in|bb|y |nv`b| v`nm |bonjm jm rmyrjvnlab botaczobmv-Cmb icraf yreebyv v`nv lnf botaczb|y ujaa jm nmz inyb vbmf vc acyb uc|hb|y nmf eccfbotaczb|y ujaa vbmf vc hbbt v`bo / nmf eccf botaczb|y jmiarfb v`cyb u`c cggb| v`bj|botaczbby v`b i`nmiby vc t|ce|byy! bjv`b| jm v`bj| in|bb|y c| tb|ycmnaaz-

Y`craf v|nfb rmjcmy tnz3

V`b|b jy! cm v`b gnib cg jv! mc |bnycm u`z an|eb! ubaa/|bycr|ibf v|nfb rmjcmy y`craf mcv nffv`b t|cwjyjcm cg erjfnmib vc v`bj| yb|wjiby gc| obolb|y- V`jy jy na|bnfz in||jbf crv! c| lbjmeybv rt! lz ybwb|na rmjcmy jmiarfjme @H nmf HNF jm Fbmon|h8 v`b Ycrv` Oc|nwjnmNyycijnvjcm cg V|nfb Rmjcmy jm v`b I{bi` \btrlaji8 Ieja/MJfjA jm Jvnaz8 Bgajme jm Jibanmf8nmf RMJYCM nmf v`b VEUR jm v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco- Jm v`b inyb cg v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco!nyyjyvnmib jy ejwbm lz v`b Rmjcm Abn|mjme Grmf (u`ji`! `cubwb|! `ny vc lb vbmfb|bf gc|! jy gc|ytbijgji t|ckbivy nmf abnwby v`b rmjcmy vc onjmyv|bno v`bj| nivjwjvjby*- V`jy ujaa lb lcayvb|bflz nm Botaczobmv Niv ejwjme rmjcm abn|mjme |bt|bybmvnvjwby vjob cgg vc ejwb erjfnmib vcv|nfb rmjcm obolb|y-

Cm v`b cv`b| `nmf! rmjcm obolb|y`jt abwbay jm Br|ctb n|b wb|z wn|jbf nmf onmz acub|/tnjfuc|hb|y n|b mcv obolb|y! bjv`b| lbinryb v`bz uc|h jm mcm/rmjcmjybf t|bojyby! gbba v`nv v`bzinmmcv nggc|f v`b rmjcm frby c| fc mcv ybb v`b wnarb cg obolb|y`jt- Jv icraf lb n|erbf v`nvv`b oc|b yb|wjiby rmjcmy cggb|! v`b oc|b nvv|nivjwb obolb|y`jt lbicoby- (Cmb jmvb|byvjmeinyb jy v`nv cg HNF jm Fbmon|h u`ji` fcby mcv |byv|jiv v`b erjfnmib jv t|cwjfby vc obolb|y-*Mbwb|v`babyy! jg erjfnmib gc| acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y ub|b abgv u`caaz jm v`b `nmfy cg v`b rmjcmy!jv ucraf lb jmniibyyjlab vc onmz cg v`bo- Gr|v`b|oc|b! yjmib rmjcm yb|wjiby n|b grmfbf tn|vazg|co obolb|y frby! v`jy naocyv icmyvjvrvby uc|hb|y tnzjme gc| v`bj| cum erjfnmib! bpibtvv`nv! cg icr|yb! ny jm v`b inyb cg vnpnvjcm/grmfbf yvnvb yb|wjiby! v`b lbvvb|/cgg yrlyjfjyb v`buc|yb/cgg-

Ub lbajbwb v`nv v|nfb rmjcmy y`craf lb nocme v`cyb cggb|jme erjfnmib vc acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y

lrv v`bz y`craf mcv lb v`b cmaz t|cwjfb|y-

Y`craf v`b yvnvb tnz3

Lz v`b yvnvb! ub obnm;

Ibmv|na! |bejcmna nmf acina ecwb|mobmv fj|bivaz/onmnebf erjfnmib nmf botaczobmvyb|wjiby8

Yvnvb/grmfbf bicmcoji |bebmb|nvjcm nebmijby nmf acina erjfnmib yb|wjiby-Cmb cg v`b Eb|onm yvrfjby fbyi|jlbf v`b |cab cg H|bjy Cggbmlni`! n |bejcmna nrv`c|jvz! jm v`bvn|ebvjme cg wramb|nlab zcrme uc|hb|y jm yrttc|vbf (lrv mcv yrlyjfjybf* botaczobmv jm u`ji`v`bz abn|m lnyji yhjaay cm v`b kcl- Rmfb| n mbu anu! Kcl Nhvjg! H|bjy Cggbmlni` nayc t|cwjfby

gc| erjfnmib vc tbctab nebf gjgvz c| cwb| uc|hjme jm YOBy! vc `bat v`bo yvnz jm uc|h-


15/16

>2

V`b Ycijna Tn|vmb|y

Jm v`b cggjijna vb|ojmcacez cg v`b Br|ctbnm Rmjcm! v`b ycijna tn|vmb|y icmyjyv cg botaczb|ynmf v|nfb rmjcm gbfb|nvjcmy- Jfbnaaz! ycijna fjnacerb icraf abnf vc ycijna tn|vmb|y`jt ujv` nwjbu vc `batjme acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y jot|cwb v`bj| yjvrnvjcm! u`ji` uny bmwjynebf jm cr|t|ckbiv- Ybwb|na t|claboy ub|b! cubwb|! fjyicwb|bf- V`b bpvbmv nmf vztb cg ycijna

tn|vmb|y`jt nmf bwbm ycijna fjnacerb wn|jby v`|cre`crv v`b icrmv|jby jm v`b t|ckbiv- Gc|bpnotab!

Jm v`b I{bi` \btrlaji! ycijna fjnacerb jy nv n wb|z bn|az yvneb nmf ycijna tn|vmb|y`jtjy mcm/bpjyvbmv8

Jm Eb|onmz nmf v`b Rmjvbf Hjmefco! |banvjcmy lbvubbm botaczb|y nmf botaczbbyn|b `jyvc|jinaaz cttcybf nmf lnybf cm n |bicemjvjcm cg icmgajivjme jmvb|byvy8

Jm Fbmon|h! Jibanmf nmf! rmvja |bibmvaz! Ytnjm! |banvjcmy lbvubbm v`b ycijna tn|vmb|yn|b |bnycmnlaz ic|fjna nmf tcyjvjwb8

V|nfb rmjcmy jm ycob icrmv|jby (b-e- Jvnaz! G|nmib nmf Arpbolcr|e* n|b c|enmjybfjmvc vuc c| oc|b jfbcacejinaaz cttcybf gbfb|nvjcmy-

V`b|b n|b nayc t|claboy nv v`b abwba cg jmfjwjfrna rmjcmy nmf botaczb|y; Mcv naa uc|hb|y n|b v|nfb rmjcm obolb|y! bwbm jm v`b Mc|fji icrmv|jby u`ji` `nwb

|nvby cg rmjcm obolb|y`jt cg cwb| bje`vz tb| ibmv8 cmb cg v`b acubyv |nvby cg rmjcmobolb|y jt uny gcrmf jm v`b I{bi` \btrlaji! u`b|b rmjcmy yvjaa yv|reeab nenjmyv v`bmbenvjwb joneb v`bz ni~rj|bf ny jmyv|robmvy cg v`b gc|ob| icoormjyv yvnvb / v`b`je`b| v`b |nvb cg rmjcm obolb|y`jt! v`b e|bnvb| v`b tcvbmvjna nmf bwbm mbibyyjvz gc|ycijna tn|vmb|y`jt8

Onmz acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y! bytbijnaaz v`cyb uc|hjme tn|v vjob! jm ybyyjcmna uc|h! cm ninyrna lnyjy c| ybag/botaczbf! n|b mcm/rmjcmjybf (v`b Fnmjy` rmjcm @H nmf v`bJvnajnm rmjcm Ieja/MJfjA n|b bpibtvjcmna jm v`nv v`bz invb| gc| ybag/botaczbf ny ubaany botaczbf tbctab*8

Mcv naa v|nfb rmjcmy |bt|bybmv acub|/tnjf uc|hb|y (Bgajme v|nfb rmjcm! cmb cg v`bt|ckbiv tn|vmb|y! jy cmb v`nv fcby*8 ycob fc mcv |bt|bybmv v`bo nv naa (gc| bpnotab!t|cgbyyjcmna nyycijnvjcmy*8 nmf cv`b|y n|b jmfryv|z/ujfb (yri` ny JE Obvnaa jmEb|onmz! YHNG nmf Obvna Uc|hb|y jm Yubfbm* nmf n|b icmib|mbf ujv` v`bebmb|najybf jmvb|byvy cg v`bj| obolb|y! ujv`crv gciryjme cm v`b acub|/tnjf8

V`b onkc|jvz cg botaczb|y n|b yonaa/ nmf obfjro/yj{bf bmvb|t|jyby! nmf mcv naa n|b|bt|bybmvbf jm botaczb|y gbfb|nvjcmy c| acina i`nolb|y cg icoob|ib8

Ny gn| ny fjyybojmnvjcm uny icmib|mbf! ub vcch n ori` l|cnfb| fbgjmjvjcm cg v`b ycijnatn|vmb|y nmf jmiarfbf ibmv|na! |bejcmna nmf acina ecwb|mobmv fbtn|vobmvy nmf icoojvvbby!yjmeab an|eb botaczb|y nmf v|nfb rmjcmy! |babwnmv inotnjemjme c|enmjynvjcmy nmf i`n|jvjby! nyubaa ny t|cwjfb|y c| tcvbmvjna t|cwjfb|y cg rybgra yb|wjiby (yri` ny erjfnmib! bfrinvjcm! i|jyjyin|b*-

Ycijna ic/ctb|nvjcm

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The Social Partners and Vocational Guidance for Lower-Paid Workers