Separatists

vs.

Puritans

1620 a group of 102 people [half Separatists]

Negotiated with theVirginia Company to settle in its jurisdiction.

Plymouth Bay way outside the domain of the Virginia Company.

Became squatters without legal right to land & specific authority to establish a govt.

The Mayflower (Pilgrims)

The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620

Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship.

Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule.

Signed by 41 adult males.

Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

That First Year….Winter of 1620-1621

Only 44 out of the original 102 survived.

None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back.

Fall of 1621 First “Thanksgiving.”

Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber.

Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant.

1691 only 7,000 people

Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.

The First Thanksgiving?

In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving an official US holiday.

Puritanism Want to totally reform [purify] the Church

of England.

Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

Sources of PuritanGREAT Migration

Indians especially weak in New England epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native popul.

Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended the settlers.

Cooperation between the two helped by Squanto.

1621 Chief Massasoit signedtreaty with the settlers.

Autumn, 1621 both groups celebrated the First Thanksgiving.

Puritans vs. Native Americans

Colonizing New England

First Seal of MA Bay

The MA Bay Colony1630 1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships

Established a colony with Boston as its hub.

“Great Migration” of the 1630s

Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America.

Not all Puritans 20,000 came to MA.

John Winthrop

We shall be as a city on a hill..

Well-off attorney and manor lord in England.

Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.

Believed that he had a “calling” from God to lead there.

Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.

Land Division inSudbury, MA: 1639-1656

Characteristics of New England Settlements

Low mortality average life expectancy was 70 years of age.

Many extended families.

Average 6 children per family.

Average age at marriage:

Women – 22 years old

Men – 27 years old.

Patriarchy

Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household.

Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

Only hope for Native Americans to resist white settlers was to UNITE.

Metacom [King Philip to white settlers]

Massasoit’s son united Indians and staged coordinated attacks on white settlements throughout New England.

Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

The war ended in failure for the Indians

Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.

His son and wife sold into slavery.

Never a serious threat in New England again!!

King Philip’s War (1675-1676}

Puritan “Rebels”Young, popular minister in Salem.

Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church.

Condemned MA Bay Charter.

• Did not give fair compensation to Indians.

Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious behavior.

1635 found guilty of preaching new & dangerous opinions and was exiled.

Roger Williams

1636 Roger Williams fled there.

MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony.

Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI

• Universal manhood suffrage later restricted by a property qualification.

• Opposed to special privilege of any kind freedom of opportunity for all.

RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters More liberal than any other colony!

Rhode Island

Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman.

Threatened patriarchal control.

Antinomialism [direct revelation]

Means “against the law.”

Carried to logical extremes Puritan doctrine of predestination.

Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.

Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man.

Puritan “Rebels”

AnneHutchinson

1638 she confounded the Puritan leaders for days.

Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God.

Direct revelation was even more serious than the heresy of antinomianism. WHY??

Puritan leaders banished her she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY.

She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.

John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

Anne Hutchinson’s Trial

New England Spreads Out

New England Colonies, 1650

CONNECTICUT

• Founded by Thomas Hooker

• Colony for Puritan nobles