The SDSS-III MARVELS Survey: Overview and First Results

Nathan De Lee and the MARVELS Team

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

MARVELS TEAM

Principal investigator: Jian Ge (UF)

Survey scientist: Holland Ford (JHU)

Project manager: Fred Hearty (UF)

Instrument scientist: Xiaoke Wan (UF)

SWG chair: Eric Agol (UW)

Data coordinator: Brian Lee (UF)

MARVELS SWG Members: E. Agol, E. Ford, H. Ford, S. Gaudi, D. Schneider, J. Holtzman & S. Seager

UF Staff and Postdocs: X. Wan, S. Mahadevan, B. Lee, B. Zhao, J. Groot, F. Hearty, K. Hanna, F. Varosi, J. van Eyken, S. Kane (UF and IPAC), L. Chang, Z. Chen, J. Liu, C. Murphey, S. Thirupathi, &

N. De Lee

UF Grads and Undergrads: S. Fleming, P. Guo, P. Jiang, M. Malik, A. Shelden, J. Crepp, J. Wang, A. Fletcher, P. Rohan, E. Costello, & S. McDowell

Other collaborators: D. Eisenstein, D. Weinberg, J. Gunn, F. Leger, P. Harding, M. Blanton, J. E. Martin, Bochanski, A. Wolczczan, A. Niedzielski, D. Montes, S. Hawley, D. Schlegel, & S. Snedden

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

SDSS-III

Since September 2008, SDSS III has been using the wide field Sloan 2.5m Telescope for up to 4 projects: All using massive fiber-fed spectroscopic surveys

• BOSS: A Baryon Oscillation Survey with a 1000 fiber spectrograph

• APOGEE: A NIR H band R~20k spectrograph to look at K giants

• SEGUE-2: Galactic Dynamics using current SDSS spectrographs

• MARVELS: Multi-Object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large Area Survey

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

MARVELS Overview

• Monitor a total of 10,000 V=7.6-12 FGK dwarfs and subgiants

• Monitor a total of 1,000 V=7.6-10 G and K giants

• Both groups will be selected with minimal metallicity and age biases for detecting and characterizing ~200 giant planets.

• Use all of the bright time in 2008-2011 and share the bright time with APOGEE in 2011-2014

• Approx. 120 fields will be monitored about 30 times over ~18 months

• Up to two multi-object Doppler instruments with a total of 120+ object capability

• The wavelength coverage ~ 500-570 nm

• Spectral resolution ~10,000

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

MARVELS Science Goals

To find a homogeneous sample of several hundreds of giant planets that can be used for statistical study of planet properties and comparison to theory

Constrain formation, migration & dynamical evolution of planetary systems

Discovery of rare systems (e.g. “Very Hot Jupiters”, short-period super-massive planets, short-period eccentric planets, transiting planets, highly eccentric planets, rapidly interacting multiple planet systems, planets orbiting low-metallicitiy host stars, planets around active and young stars, and other rare types of planets)

Find signposts for lower-mass or more distant planets

Quantify the brown dwarf desert

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

MARVELS Field Selection

Survey area is ~800 sq deg, a total of ~120 fields, mainly along the Galactic plane

About 80 fields will be shared with APOGEE in 2011-2014

Field selection is based on sufficient number of bright observable stars in each field, and some fields need to have known calibrators for initial instrument calibration

64 fields, including some calibration fields, have been selected for the first two years of operation

A number of fields have also been selected to coincide with the one of the 21 CCD modules of the KEPLER space mission

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Preselection Targets

• Targets initially selected from GSC2.3 catalog matched up with 2MASS for J, H, K colors

• SDSS spectroscopy pre-selection efficiently remove giants (e.g., log g < 3.0) and stars that are too hot (e.g., Teff > 6250 K) from the

initially color selected targets• 25-35% of the ~500 candidates

per field are acceptable targets Effective temperature and gravity plot

of target candidates of 7 fields

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Final Distribution of Targets

Final distributions based on 41 of the 60 first season fields

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Current Survey Status

Number of Survey Observations: 489

Number of Plates Observed: 43

Total Number of stars: 2580

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Current Error Estimates

RMS errors based on current pipeline from the Instrument Acceptance Review.

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Reference Star Fits

HD 68988 V=8.21, G0, 1.9 MJ, P=6.276

days, e=0.14 (Vogt et al. 2002)

HIP 14810bV=8.52, G5, 3.84 MJ, P=6.67

days, e=0.15 (Butler et al. 2006)

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Brown Dwarf Candidate

More information will be available in Lee et al. 2009 in preparation

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

MARVELS Pipeline Development

To help reduce systematics in the MARVELS data, a number of avenues are being looked at:– PV Scale correction– Cosmic ray rejection– Distortion correction– Low flux spectra

Dispersion direction

De Lee, Shanghai 2009

Summary and Future Work

The MARVELS instrument is producing radial velocity data in survey mode.

Continue work on the MARVELS Pipeline Look into methods to increase throughput Work on hardware upgrades / repairs Develop large scale RV fitting procedures Further the groundwork for the second instrument. Follow-up current candidates