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The Schism of 1054
Global History: Spiconardi
Origins Iconoclasm Pope Gregory
speaks out against Byzantine Empire’s iconoclast movement
Western culture was evolving Influence from Germanic tribes
Eastern culture retained its Hellenistic and Greco-Roman culture
Origins Papacy vs. Secularism
Secularism belief that religion should not enter into the functions of the state
The East believed the pope claimed to have too much jurisdiction
West took issue with Caesaropapism subordination of the church to secular rulers
Origins The Filoque Churches debated on the origin of
the Holy Spirit
The Issues
Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Mass said in Latin
Pope has authority over all bishops & secular leaders
Priests may not marry
Divorce is not permitted
Mass said in Greek or vernacular
Patriarchs and other bishops head the church as a group
The emperor has authority over the patriarchs and bishops
Priests may marry Divorce permitted under
certain conditions
The Issues
Unleavened or leavened bread?
Western Rite Communion Wafers Eastern Rite Communion Bread
The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) In 1054 Pope Leo IX and the
Patriarch (head bishop) of Constantinople excommunicated one another after emissaries could not reconcile during meetings
Excommunication depriving a member of the church the benefits and privileges of membership
Pope Leo IX
The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) The excommunications were void
Pope Leo IX died before he officially served the excommunication
Patriarch Michael Cerularius had no authority to excommunicate
The Schism of 1054 (The Great Schism) Christendom splits into the Roman
Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Catholic “universal”
Orthodox “right belief”
Today the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Church are meeting in hopes of one day unifying the Church