The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 30 BCE. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 3)

The Roman Republic

509 BCE – 30 BCE

The Roman Republic – Notes (page 3)

Expanding the Roman Republic

• Overthrowing _____________ ____________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ ________________________


• Overthrowing the Etruscan king _______________ and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans - __________________ ________________________


• Overthrowing the Etruscan king (Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans - __________________ ________________________


• Overthrowing the Etruscan king (Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans – they wanted to_______ ________________________


• Overthrowing the Etruscan king (Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans – they wanted to preserve and protect the Roman Republic

• As the __________________ _____________________________ ___________

• As the Roman Republic became established, it moved toward_______ ____________

• As the Roman Republic became established, it moved toward conquest and expansion.

• Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) ______________

(2) _______________________ __________ (3)

_____________________ ______

• Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) need for security

(2) _______________________ __________

(3) _____________________ ______


(2) increase in population → need for more land (3) _____________________ ______


(2) increase in population → need for more land (3) more land → ___________ ______


(2) increase in population → need for more land (3) more land → need for more

workers

(4) ________________(5) _____________ (6) _______________ (7) ____________________ ______

(4) desire for new ideas(5) _____________

(6) _______________(7) ____________________ ______

(4) desire for new ideas(5) hunger for power

(6) greed and ambition(7) ____________________ ______

(4) desire for new ideas(5) hunger for power

(6) greed and ambition(7) aggressive nature

(love of fighting)

• By 275 BCE, ___________________ ______________________________

• By 275 BCE, the _____ Peninsula was conquered (this includes the _______)

• By 275 BCE, the Italian Peninsula was conquered (this includes the _______)

• By 275 BCE, the Italian Peninsula was conquered (this includes the Etruscans)

Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army

• The ____________________________ ______________________________ ________


• The _________ was largely responsible for the republic’s success in conquering new lands.


• The Roman army was largely responsible for the republic’s success in conquering new lands.

• Roman soldiers were _______ soldiers - ________________________________ __

• Roman soldiers were excellent soldiers - ________________________________ __

• Roman soldiers were excellent soldiers – they obeyed authority without questioning it.

• The legion(1) _________________________ _______

(2) _______________________ ________

• The legion(1) the legion was

_____________ _______(2)

_______________________ ________

• The legion(1) the legion was the

basic unit of the army(2)

_______________________ ________



individual soldiers were called ________



individual soldiers were called legionaries

(3) There were ____________ legionaries in each legion

(3) There were 4,000 to 6,000 legionaries in each legion

Oh yeah. There’s more of us!

…and more…

…and more. Get the picture?

• Legionaries _________________ _____________________________ __________________________

(1) _____________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____

• Legionaries had high _____ (high fighting spirit) - _______________ __________________________

(1) _____________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____

• Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) - _______________ __________________________

(1) _____________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____

• Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards

(1) _____________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____


(1) _____________________ _______________________

_______________________ _______

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____


(1) ________ – execute every 10th man in the legion if

they showed cowardice or mutinied (revolted)

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____


(1) decimation – execute every 10th man in the legion if they showed cowardice or mutinied (revolted)

(2) _____________________ ____________________

_____



(2) __________ – given to 1st man to take the wall in

an assault



(2) crown of gold – given to 1st man to take the wall in an assault

• At first, ____________________ ________

(1) eventually, _______________________________________

(2) after _________________ _______________________ ________________________

____________

• At first, the army was made up of ________

(1) eventually, _______________________________________

(2) after _________________ _______________________ ________________________

____________

• At first, the army was made up of volunteers

(1) eventually, _______________________________________

(2) after _________________ _______________________ ________________________

____________


(1) eventually, lower class and non- Romans were allowed to fight

(2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could

_____________ ____________________________________



(2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could retire -

______ ___________________________________



(2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could retire – he

would get ____________________ ____________



(2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could retire – he

would get a pension and a plot of land on the frontier

• Army built ____________________ ___________ (1) ____________________

• Army built roads to _____________ ___________ (1) ____________________

• Army built roads to connect all parts of the country

(1) they lasted for _______

• Army built roads to connect all parts of the country

(1) they lasted for centuries

• ____________________________ ______

• _____________ – special guard for Emperor

• Praetorian Guard – special guard for Emperor

• Warfare tactics that were unique to the Romans

(1) _____________________ ______________________

_________________________ _________________________ _________________ (a) _______________________


(1) _____________________ ________ – soldiers overlap shields over their heads as

well as in the front and on the sides of a large unit of men (a) _______________________


(1) tortoise formation (testudo formation) – soldiers overlap shields over their heads as well as in the front and on the sides of a large unit of men(a) _______________________


(1) tortoise formation (testudo formation) – soldiers overlap shields over their heads as well as in the front and on the sides of a large unit of men(a) this offered great protection

tortoise formation (testudo formation)

(2) weapons included ___________ ___________

(2) weapons included _______ – to throw objects

(2) weapons included catapults – to throw objects

catapult

(3) _____________________________

(3) encampments (____) built on frontier

(3) encampments (forts) built on frontier

Can you name the group?

(please don’t call it out)

(4) __________

(4) built bridges

Overall Policy of the Expanding Roman Republic

• ___________________

Senatus Populusque Romanus “The Senate and the People of

Rome”

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg

Overall Policy of the Expanding Roman Republic

• Divide, conquer, and rule

Senatus Populusque Romanus “The Senate and the People of

Rome”

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg

• Romans _____________________ ____

(1) _________________________ _________________

• Romans treated conquered enemies ____

(1) ________________________ _________________

• Romans treated conquered enemies fairly

(1) ________________________ _________________

• Romans treated conquered enemies fairly

(1) enemies became allies and proud to be a part of Rome

• Romans often ___________

Next –The Punic Wars

• Romans often made treaties

Next –The Punic Wars

The Punic Wars

The Struggle for Mastery of the Mediterranean World

The Roman Republic – Notes (page 4)

The Punic Wars

• Introduction – Before the War(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled ___

__________________ (2) _______________________ __________________________ _____________________ ________________________

The Punic Wars

• Introduction – Before the War(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the

entire Italian Peninsula(2) _______________________ __________________________ _____________________ ________________________

The Punic Wars


entire Italian Peninsula(2) Carthage ruled ___________

__________________________ _____________________ ________________________

The Punic Wars


entire Italian Peninsula(2) Carthage ruled most of

North Africa and West Africa, part of Spain, some islands off the coast of Italy, & western Sicily

The Punic Wars


entire Italian Peninsula(2) Carthage ruled most of

North Africa and West Africa, part of Spain, some islands off the coast of Italy, & western Sicily

• Why did the war start?

(1) ___________________________

(2) ________________________


(1) Rome felt threatened by Carthage

(2) ________________________


(1) Rome felt threatened by Carthage

(2) Rome wanted Sicily’s granaries

• The First Punic War ___________

(1) _________________________

(2) _______________________

• The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)

(1) _________________________

(2) _______________________


(1) Carthage’s strength – ________

(2) _______________________


(1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea)

(2) _______________________



(2) Rome’s strength – ________



(2) Rome’s strength – army (land)

(2) Romans built __________________ ______________ (a) ____________________________________________

(2) Romans built their first _________ to battle Carthage(a) ____________________________________________

(2) Romans built their first fleet (navy) to battle Carthage

(a) ____________________________________________


(a) modeled ships after ____________________________


(a) modeled ships after Carthaginian ships with 1 improvement

* _____ – ________________________ - ______________________ _____

* _____ – movable bridge on front of ship - turned land battles into ___ _____

* corvus – movable bridge on front of ship - turned land battles into ___ _____

* corvus – movable bridge on front of ship - turned sea battles into land battles

(3) _______________________(a) ______________

(3) ____ won the First Punic War(a) gained _________

(3) Rome won the First Punic War (a) gained _________

(3) Rome won the First Punic War (a) gained all of Sicily

• The Second Punic War ___________

(1) ______________________

Hannibal Barca

• The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)

(1) ______________________

Hannibal Barca


(1) Carthage’s leader - ______

Hannibal Barca


(1) Carthage’s leader - Hannibal

Hannibal Barca

Hannibal

(2) Carthage __________________ ____________ (a) ______________________ ______________

(2) Carthage attacked Rome ______ ____________ (a)

______________________ ______________

(2) Carthage attacked Rome by land ____________

(a) ______________________ ______________

(2) Carthage attacked Rome by land from the north

(a) ______________________ ______________

(2) Carthage attacked Rome by land from the north

(a) marched from Spain through Gaul and over Alps

(b) unique fact – ________________

(b) unique fact – brought __ elephants

(b) unique fact – brought 37 elephants

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hannibal3.jpg

(3) Hannibal’s army _____________ _________________________

___________________________ __________________________

(3) Hannibal’s army ___ every battle against Rome, ______________ ___________________________ __________________________

(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, ______________ ___________________________ __________________________

(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, all the way to the gates of Rome – unable to capture Rome because ______________

(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, all the way to the gates of Rome – unable to capture Rome because no siege equipment

(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, all the way to the gates of Rome – unable to capture Rome because no siege equipment

(4) for 15 years __________________ ______________________

(4) for 15 years Hannibal raided/burned towns and land in south Italy

(5) Rome _______________________ (a) ______________________________________________

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Zama.jpg

(5) Rome attacked ____, near Carthage (a) ______________________________________________


(5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage (a) ______________________________________________


(5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage (a) Hannibal returned home – __________________________


(5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage (a) Hannibal returned home – lost his first battle (and the war)


(6) _________________________(a) __________________

__________________________

(6) ____ won the Second Punic War(a) gained _____________ __________________________

(6) Rome won the Second Punic War(a) gained _____________ __________________________

(6) Rome won the Second Punic War(a) gained all of

Carthage’s territories (including Spain) and _

(6) Rome won the Second Punic War(a) gained all of

Carthage’s territories (including Spain) and $

• The Third Punic War ___________(1) _______________________

(2) ________________________ __________________

III

• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) _______________________

(2) ________________________ __________________

III

• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) there was peace for 50 years (2) ________________________ __________________

III

• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) there was peace for 50 years (2) then, Carthage began to regain power – ___________

III

• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) there was peace for 50 years (2) then, Carthage began to regain power – Rome attacked

III

(a) Rome _____________(b) Rome _____________________

_________________ (c) Rome _____________________

_____________

(a) Rome burned Carthage(b) Rome

_____________________ _________________ (c) Rome _____________________ _____________

(a) Rome burned Carthage(b) Rome sowed salt into

the ground so nothing would grow (c) Rome _____________________ _____________

(a) Rome burned Carthage(b) Rome sowed salt into

the ground so nothing would grow (c) Rome killed Carthaginians or sold them into slavery

(3) ________________________

• Other areas ____________________(1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR-Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

(3) ____ won the Third Punic War

• Other areas ____________________(1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________


(3) Rome won the Third Punic War

• Other areas ____________________(1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________



• Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE(1) _____(2) ________ (3) ____

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________



• Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE(1) Greece

(2) ________(3) ____

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________




(2) Macedonia(3) ____

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________




(2) Macedonia(3) Syria

***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________

________________




(2) Macedonia(3) Syria

***Bottom Line – By 146 BCE, Rome was the leading power in the Mediterranean worldhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR-Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

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The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 30 BCE. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 3)