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509 BCE – 30 BCE
The Roman Republic
Chapter Objectives
After this chapter, you should be able to do the following:
1.Describe how the Roman government was organized.
2.Explain how the Roman Republic was able to expand.
3.Summarize how the effects of conquest changed the Roman economy and government.
4.Discuss efforts to save the Roman Republic.
Government
Consuls
Senate
Judges Assemblies
Tribunes
What were The Twelve Tables?
Other Important Vocabulary Words• Plebeians• Patricians• Veto
Roman Expansion
The need to protect what they had (Etruscans)
Conquered or made alliesVery Strong Army –
Legions (5000 Legionaries)
Dress the Roman Centurian
Mild Rulers of those they conquered
The Punic Wars
Carthage
The First Punic War
264 BCE First of Three Wars between Rome and
CarthageCarthage – NavyRome – Army (they later built a navy to
compete)CorvusRome won – Carthaginians left Sicily
The Second Punic War
218 BCEHannibal BarcaNot enough
heavy equipmentRaided and
burnedAttacked
CarthageRome wins – 201
BCECarthage pays
big time
Hannibal
The Third Punic War
149 BCECarthage regaining powerRomans attackedCarthaginians were finishedRome attacked Corinth, Greece
264 BCE
50 BCE
120 AD
The Effects of Conquest
Small Farms to Large Estates (latifundias)Due to HannibalWho worked the latifundias?Farmers moved to Rome – awful living conditionsDecline of the Roman Republic (135 BCE)1.Taxes - Publicans2.Farmers lost land/independence3.Luxuries bought in other cities=Merchants grew
poor4.Government officials busy getting rich5.Rich-----------------------------------------------------Poor
Roman Leadership
Next 100 years spent trying to improve RomeREFORMERS
Tribune Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)– limit land ownership – gave public lands to the poor – ran for a second term – killed with his followers by Senate
Tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (123 BCE) – move poor from the city to the countryside – discount wheat to the poor – killed in 121 BCE by the Senate
Roman Leadership
GENERALSGeneral Gaius Marius becomes Consul (107
BCE) – first lower class Roman to be elected this high – opened the Army to everyone – provided jobs – loyalty was to the general that hired them, not Rome.
Lucius Cornelius Sulla – opposed Marius – Marched on Rome (civil war) – named self Dictator – increased size of the Senate – made general move from one command to another yearly
Julius Caesar
6o BCE Sulla RetiredTriumverate1.Marcus Licinius Crassus2.Gnaeus Pompeius
Magnus3.Julius CaesarCrassus dies – the other
two fight for powerPompey murdered
Julius Caesar
58 BCE – Governor57-50 BCE Conquered a lot of land50 BCE Told to dismantle his Army50 BCE Came to Rome with his Troops46 BCE – Self Appointed Dictator of RomeMADE MANY REFORMS WHICH HELPED
DO A GREAT DEAL FOR ROME – THE PEOPLE LOVED HIM – BUT GUESS WHO FEARED HIM.
Killed by the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE – The Ides of March
The End of the Republic
New Triumverate – DID NOT LIKE EACH OTHER
1.Mark Antony – Caesar’s closest follower2.Octavian – Caesar’s grand nephew/adopted
son3.Marcus Lepidus – One of Caesar’s top officers
31 BCE – Octavian was the sole ruler of the Roman Empire
Virtual Tour of Rome
http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/rome_italy_travel.htm