February 23, 2018

Sharon D. Nelson, Esq. & John W. Simeksnelson@senseient.com; jsimek@senseient.comwww.senseient.com - 703.359.0700

University of Richmond Law School

The Roller-Coaster History of Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on the

Practice of Law

“It’s the most exciting thing going on . . . It’s the big dream that anybody who’s ever been in computer science has been thinking about.”

“Ithinkweshouldbeverycarefulaboutartificial

intelligence.IfIhadtoguessatwhatourbiggestexistential

threatis,it’sprobablythat....Withartificialintelligence

we’resummoningthedemon.”

-ElonMusk

TheconceptofAIgoesbackforcenturies,butbyothernames

v Borrowedmindsv Mimickingthebrainv Thinkingmachinesv Intelligentcomputingv Neuralnetworksv Deeplearningv 1950– TheTuringTest– can

youdistinguishbetweenahumanandcomputer?

Alan Turing

Isaac Asimov – I, Robot

Isaac Asimov 1950, I, Robot

1956– DartmouthSummerResearchProjectonArtificialIntelligence

v Stilltalkedaboutthinkingmachines

v Prominentmathematiciansandscientists

v OnewasMarvinMinsky,co-founderofMIT’sAILab

v Fundingfollowedtheconference

1974-1980– ThefirstAI“Winter”

v Governmentfundinghalted– computinglimitationspreventedtrueadvancementofAI

Interestrevivedinthe1980s

v Riseofexpertsystemsv “If-then”decisionmakingv Stillprimitivev Proponentspromisedwhat

theycouldn’tdeliverv Disappointmentinthe$1

billionayearindustryv Mid-90s– thesecondAI

Wintersetin

Gartner’s“HypeCycle”

v Newtechnologiesv Heightenexpectationsv Techfallsshortv Interestdeclinesv Techfindsproductiveuses

Gartner’s“HypeCycle”

MarvinMinskyandSeymourPapert publish“Prologue:AViewfrom1988”

v WhyhasprogressinAIbeensoslow?v Researcherswhodon’tknowitshistory“havecontinued

tomakemanyofthesamemistakesthatothershavemadebeforethem.”

JohnMarkoff in2005

v NewYorkTimestechnologyreporter

v “Atitslowpoint,somecomputerscientistsandsoftwareengineersavoidedthetermartificialintelligenceforfearofbeingviewedaswild-eyeddreamers”

ThelongSpringofAI

v 1997IBM’sDeepBluedefeatedWorldChessChampionGaryKasparov

2011– IBM’sWatsonWinsAgainstJeopardy’sChampions

v KenJennings– longestwinningcontestant(74times)v BradRutter– wonthemostmoney– morethan$1,000,000

2012– Deeplearning

v Deeplearning:Acomplexsuperstructureofalgorithmsthatenablescomputerstoprocesshigh-levelabstractions,thatistothinkmorelikeahuman

v Googleemployeddeeplearningwhenanarrayofcomputersstudied10millionimagestofigureout,onitsown,whatacatis

v Mostmajorcarcompanies,Microsoft,IBM,Facebook–investingheavilyinAI

SomethingsarehardertorecognizeandconfuseAI

Chihuahuaorblueberrymuffin?

Sheepdogormop?

Google,Facebook,Amazon– AI?

Siri,Cortana,Alexa– AI?

2016- GoogleDeepMind’sAlphaGodefeatsGoChampionLeeSedol

Lee Sedol was an 18 time world Go champion – Go is an ancient Chinese game played with black and white stones – win by surrounding more territory than your opponent. More complex than chess.

AIinLaw– Performingtasksfaster

Deliveringbetteroutcomestoclients

Gartnerprediction

v AIexpectedtohaverevenuesof$200billionin2018v 72%ofpeopleexpectedtointeractwithAIby2022– the

percentagewas11%in2017

ThankstoNeotaLogic’sMichaelMills

Today...v LawfirmsinvestinginAIdirectly,partneringwithIBMWatsonand

RossIntelligence– andothersv LegaltechstartupsemployingAIv TraditionalpublishersinvestinginAI– ThomsonReuterhaspartnered

withIBMWatson,BloombergDNAdevelopinglitigationanalyticsv FastcaseAISandbox

It’saKodakmomentforlawfirms

v Kodakactuallyinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975v Thoughtdevelopingdigitalcameraswouldcannibalizeitsfilm

businessv Thoughttheyhadplentyoftimetoprepareforthedigitalcamera

era– tenyearsatleast

Routinelegalwork

v AlreadybeingoutsourcedtoAxiom,ThomsonReuters,ElevateandtheBigFouraccountingfirms

v Dentons,agloballawfirmwithmorethan7,000lawyers,establishedaninnovationandventurearm,NextlawLabs,in2015.Besidesmonitoringthelatesttechnology,theunithasinvestedinsevenlegaltechnologystart-ups

v “Ourindustryisbeingdisrupted,andweshoulddosomeofthatourselves,notjustbeavictimofit,”JohnFernandez,chiefinnovationofficerofDentons

“Where the technology is going to be in three to five years is the really interesting question,” said Ben Allgrove, a partner at Baker McKenzie, a firm with 4,600 lawyers. “And the honest answer is we don’t know.” March 19, 2017 NYT.

AIishereandincreasinglysuccessful– noAIwinterinsight

v TheAmLaw200getsit– boardthetrainorbeleftbehindv TheyneedAItoremaincompetitivev MostareinvestedinAIorplanningtoinvestv Filteringtosmallerfirmsmaytaketime– butnotlong

TheAIDance

v Isgettingfaster/morecomplexv Moremoney/Moore’sLawwill

makeitfasterstillv Inlaw,itwillbothtakeandreplace

jobs– hazyatthemomentv Atthemoment,weseethefuture

ofAIonlythroughaglass,darkly