The role of Geographic Information for good …...EduServ 14 (2016) • Pre-course seminar –7- 8 March 2016, University of Warsaw • Courses –RPAS in land survey – theory and

1

The role of Geographic

Information for good

governance

Joep Crompvoets KU Leuven

EuroSDR

Wageningen, 19 January 2016

Leuven

KU Leuven

Founded 1425

1968 – Split into KU Leuven – UC Louvain

KU Leuven

- 16,000 Staff (incl. 8000 ‘medical’ staff)

- 55,000 students (9900 foreign students)

- Satellite campuses in Kortrijk Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend,

Geel, Diepenbeek, Aalst, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Brussels

- 3 Leuven Campus (Hospital, Science, Human)

Strong research-oriented

Numerous spin-offs

Famous Professors: Erasmus, Mercator, Vesalius

Famous Alumnus: Herman Van Rompuy

– Not-for Profit Organisation (+ Member Organisation)

– Linking National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies with

Research Institutes and Universities

– Aim: Applied Research in Provision, Management and

Delivery of Spatial Data and Mapping Products

– Technical structure:

• Commission 1: Data acquisition

• Commission 2: Modelling and Processing

• Commission 3: Updating and Integration

• Commission 4: Information usage

• Commission 5: Business Modelling and Operation

• Commission 6: Knowledge transfer

EuroSDR

European Spatial Data Research Network (EuroSDR)

http://eurosdr.net/

Scientific

Meetings Rolling Research Plan

Research Proposals Projects, Workshops, Taskforces

Reports

Engagement with Standards and Specifications Organisations

Official Publications and EduServ Courses

EuroSDR – Research & Dissemination

NMCAs Research

Organisations +

Transferring Results of Research to Mapping / Production Domain

Mapping Agencies together with Research Institutes

Leading in Calibration and Validation Initiatives

EuroSDR – The network idea

• Form a network of GI experts within EuroSDR

• Build and maintain alliances with neighbouring

organisations in GI research, development and

practice:

– EuroGeographics

– ISPRS, ICA, FIG, AGILE, OGC

– INSPIRE

– JRC, OGC Europe, ISO TC 211, CEN TC 287

– ...

Relevant topics

UAV

Cloud

Mobile Laser Scanning

Imaging Sensors

Mobile Mapping 3D Cadastres

Smart City Automated Change Detection

Data Archiving Crowd-Sourcing

Open data Open Standards

City GML

Geospatial Web Services Registries

Spatio-Time Modelling Coordination models

E-governance

Location EduServ pre-course seminars

8

Year Host Organisation Country

2002 Aalborg University, Aalborg Denmark

2004 Budapest University, Budapest Hungary

2005 Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin Ireland

2006 ITC, Enschede The Netherlands

2007 Charles University, Prague Czech Republic

2008 University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart Germany

2009 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås Norway

2010 KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium

2011 ENSG, Paris France

2012 Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin Ireland

2013 CISM, Udine Italy

2014 Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento Italy

2015 Vienna University of technology Austria / Trento

2016 Warsaw University Poland

EduServ Courses

• Integrated Sensor Orientation

• Automatic Orientation of Aerial Images on Databases

• Laser scanning & Airborne Interferometric SAR

• Digital Cameras/Sensors

• Co-ordinate Reference Systems and Transformations for Spatial Data Position

• Positional Accuracy Improvement in GI Databases

• Quality of Geospatial Data and Related Statistical Concepts

• Mapping with SAR

• Laserscanning for 3D city models

• CityGML

• Geometric performance of digital airborne cameras

• Schema matching, mapping and

• Laser scanning for Tree Extraction

• Assessment of the quality of Digital Terrain Models

• The INSPIRE Directive and its Implementing Rules

• Geodetic Reference Systems

• 3D Urban Modelling

• Radiometric performance of Digital Photogrammetric Cameras and Laser Scanners

• Open Standards & Open Source Web Mapping

• Integrated use of airborne laser scanning and aerial photogrammetry

• High Density Image Matching

9

EduServ 14 (2016)

• Pre-course seminar

– 7- 8 March 2016, University of Warsaw

• Courses

– RPAS in land survey – theory and practice (14 – 25 March 2016)

Dr.-Ing. Görres Grenzdörffer, University of Rostock & Dr.-Ing.

Michael Cramer, University of Stuttgart

– International standards for geographic information (4 -15 April

2016)

Prof. Wolfgang Kresse, University of Applied Sciences,

Neubrandenburg

– 3D city modelling (18 -29 April 2016)

Prof. Jantien Stoter, MSc. Ravi Peters, Dr. Hugo Ledoux, Delft

University of Technology

– Synthetic aperture radar for mapping applications (16 -27 May

2016)

Prof. Olaf Hellwich, Technical University Berlin

12

Objectives Presentation

• Role of spatial data for good governance

• Levels of good governance

• Conditions for good governance

• Propositions

• INSPIRE

13

Expectation

• What do you expect from the lectures of today?

14

1. Role of spatial data for good governance

15

Trend of governance (OECD, EGPA)

• Open

• Performance

• Accountability/Control

• Restructuring for fit for purpose

• Market type mechanisms within public sector

• Modernize personnel policies

16

From good government to good governance

Criteria for good governance:

• -performing policies and service delivery

• -responsibility/accountability

• -transparency

• -rights and duties

17

Performing policies and service delivery

Location target groups (Wevelgem) Location schools and services(Kortrijk region)

Waste Water (Deerlijk) Child care (Kuurne)

http://www.govmaps.eu/kinderopvang/

18

Unoccupied houses (Wevelgem)

Impact Tour de France (Deerlijk) Roadworks (Wevelgem)

Cemetaries (Avelgem)

Levels of good governance

-Corporate Governance: GI Agencies / GI Users/Producers

-Holding Governance: Territorial/Functional

-Public Service Governance: Public, Private, NGO, citizen

-State Governance: Macro systems

Three systems:

NPM (market), NWS (Hierarchy), NPG (Networks)

20

Macro/meso governance

Task allocation at the public

Sector

What is the best task

allocation scenario for

GI-development?

- Hierarchy

- Market

- Network

Private

companies

NGO’s, citizen

Organisations

Supranational

(incl. EU)

Sub-national

(e.g. local)

National

(nation) state

Private sector Public sector

21

central government

agency A agency B

organization C organization D

Hierarchy

direct control (strict ex ante, structural and financial control)

quasi-automatic coordination between agencies and organizations

public sector

22

central government

agency A agency B


Markets

indirect control (mainly ex post control)

'horizontal' 'spontaneous' coordination between agencies and organizations

market

market creation&regulation and by government

public sector

23

central government

agency A agency B


NetworkCoordination = network management + indirect control (agency A - N)

+ self-coordination

indirect control (mainly ex post control)

'horizontal' 'spontaneous' coordination between agencies and organizations

network

network management by government

public sector

24

Spatial data infrastructures

A Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an

• Shared network of organizations

• to facilitate

• the access, use and sharing of spatial data

25

SDI – network in Flanders (Belgium)

26

SDI-Flanders – network (2)

Perceelsnetwerk Adresnetwerk

Wegennetwerk Hydrografienetwerk

Parcels network Address network

Roads network Hydrography network

SDI – Chains

Process step

Organisation

A

B

C

F

E

D

H

G

I

Process step

Organisation

A

B

C

F

E

D

H

G

I

SDI-Flanders – Chain

Traffic accident registration

29

2. Conditions for good governance

30

GI-management development

Organisations with Databases with

Databases Organisations

31

First SDI-condition for good governance

• Good governance requires:

A shift from

Organisations with databases

to

Databases with Organisations

Why is the obvious not obvious?

CBA of GI :

Costs: creating, transferring, collecting, processing, storing,

making available, …

Benefits: comparing, registering change, improved

decisions, better allocations, transparency,

responsibility/accountability, learning, ...

CBA of the Performance of GI:

Costs: immediate, allocated to specific organisation (for us),

budgeted, not conditional

Benefits: not always immediate, spread over organisations

(for others), not always tangible, conditional

33

Supply and demand

• We technically have superior data and Geo

Information

• What about its use?

34

Bouckaert & Halligan (2008) Managing Performance, International Comparisons.

Routledge, London, p. 113.

Avoid frustration: Shifting from supply (availability) feeding

demand (needs) to demand generating supply

Supply and demand

35

SDI-Development + Community

Techno-Centric

Spatial data community

Focus on technology

Technology push

Because it’s possible

Others are developing

Specified by technologist

Static in nature

Socio-Technical

Spatial data community

People and technology

Demand pull

Because it’s needed

We need it

Specified by Users

dynamic in nature

36

Second SDI-condition for good governance

• Good governance requires:

Matching supply and demand -> more demand driven

supply

37

Implementation

• Classical domino dynamics are sequential:

Technology/ Legislation/ Finance/ Organisation/ Service

delivery

38

SDI performance in the Flemish Region

geomatics

law

economics

sociology

public management

SDI-

configuration

SDI-

performance

access, use and

exchange of spatial

information in the

business process

+

contribution to

business process

performance

standards

rules and agreements

funding and pricing

organisational structures

data policy

Spatial Planning

Mapping Floods

Traffic accident registration

Address Management

Performance results

Spatial

Planning

Address

Maintenance

Accidents

registrations

Flood risk

mapping

Efficiency High Average Low High

Use intensity Average /

High

Low Average High

Sharing Average /

High

Low Low Average

Success factors:

- Degree of Standardisation

- Open Privacy Attitude

- Consistent Data Policy

- Organisational data management integrated in work

processes

Legal framework in Flanders

• 2 types of regulations

– Facilitating the availability of spatial data

– Limiting the availability of spatial data

Governance framework in Flanders

Pricing & Funding

– Benefit Cost Analysis

Examples 4:1 (AUS / Malaysia) / 23:1 (AT) / 30:1 (DK)

– Funding • Direct Central Government funding – direct from citizens and private sector taxes

• Indirect Central Government funding – e.g. waiving of taxes

• Direct revenue – sale of products and services

• Sponsorship / advertising (e.g. via the geo-portal)

• Indirect revenue – from products and services related to spatial data e.g. real estate

registration

• Partnerships:

• Government and Donor agencies joint funding partnerships (e.g. World Bank );

• Donor agencies and private sector partnerships;

• Donor agencies, government and private sector partnerships; and

• Partnerships with international private sector

• Donor “gift” funding

• Private sector non-cash contribution e.g. services such as software development,

advertising

• Special Bank / Special Loans

Pricing & Funding

– Pricing Policies • Free

• Below price of provision

• Price of provision

• Price of provision ‘plus’: reproduction, distribution

• Price of provision and part of the maintenance costs

– Marketing

45

Third SDI-condition for good governance

• From sequential implementation

• to parallel and simultaneous implementation

• Requirement: multidisciplinary task force

Functional GI Governance

Three challenges:

• 1 Managing Databases with Organisations

• 2 Demand-driven Supply

• 3 Creating a multi-disciplinary Approach

47

3. Propositions

Staten-Generaal

Annual event/meeting with key decision makers and

GI-practitioners of Flanders (at different administrative levels)

Subject: Sustainable Flemish SDI

Nature: Mobilising, Steering

Organisers: SPATIALIST, NGI, Flemish Services for Government

Policy, Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities, AGIV

Time: 1 December 2012

Location: Brussels, Academy Palace

Number of inscriptions: 280

49

Voting

COMMUNICATOR

DISPLAY__________

CORRECTION ____

______VOTING BUTTONS

YOU CAN CHOOSE ONLY ONE OPTION

81%

16%

3%

0%

0%

Helemaal Eens

Eerder Eens

Noch Eens / Noch Oneens

Eerder Oneens

Helemaal Oneens

Proposition 1

THE GOVERNMENT COULD IMPROVE ITS COMMUNICATION INTERNALLY, WITH THE CITIZENS AND PRIVATE SECTOR BY USING SPATIAL DATA

FULLY AGREE

AGREE

NOT AGREE / NOT DISAGREE

DISAGREE

FULLY DISAGREE

81%

16%

3%

0%

0%

Helemaal Eens

Eerder Eens


Eerder Oneens

Helemaal Oneens

Proposition 1

THE GOVERNMENT COULD IMPROVE ITS COMMUNICATION INTERNALLY, WITH THE CITIZENS AND PRIVATE SECTOR BY USING SPATIAL DATA

FULLY AGREE

AGREE

NOT AGREE / NOT DISAGREE

DISAGREE

FULLY DISAGREE

38%

19%

37%

2%

4%

het Europese

het federale

het regionale

het provinciale

het lokale

Proposition 2

THE MAIN BENEFICIARY OF SDI IS:

PUBLIC SECTOR

PRIVATE SECTOR

NGOs

CITIZENS

ACADEMIA

3%

1%

4%

0%

92%

de voorbereiding van beleid

de bepaling van beleid

de uitvoering van beleid

de evaluatie van beleid

alle fasen van beleid

Proposition 3

THE PROVISION OF SPATIAL DATA HAS TO FOCUS ON:

THE PREPARATION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

THE DEFINITION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

THE EXECUTION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

THE EVALUATION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

ALL PHASES OF POLICY MAKING

3%

1%

4%

0%

92%






Proposition 3

THE PROVISION OF SPATIAL DATA HAS TO FOCUS ON:

THE PREPARATION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

THE DEFINITION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

THE EXECUTION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

THE EVALUATION PHASE OF POLICY MAKING

ALL PHASES OF POLICY MAKING

3%

1%

4%

0%

92%






Proposition 4

THE MAIN BENEFIT OF SDI FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS IS:

COST AND TIME SAVINGS

SIMPLIFICATION OF PROCESSES

MORE EFFECTIVE POLICY MAKING

INCREASED COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION

IMPROVED QUALITY OF PROCESSES

67%

21%

9%

3%

Gratis zijn

Tegen transactiekostprijs

Tegen integrale kostprijs (inclusief verrekening

van de investeringen)

Tegen marktprijs

Proposition 5

THE EXCHANGE OF SPATIAL DATA WITHIN AND BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE LEVELS HAS TO HAPPEN:

FOR FREE

BY TRANSACTION COST PRICE

BY INTEGRAL COST PRICE (INCLUDING PRICE

FOR INVESTMENTS)

MARKET PRICE

67%

21%

9%

3%

Gratis zijn




Tegen marktprijs

Proposition 5

THE EXCHANGE OF SPATIAL DATA WITHIN AND BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE LEVELS HAS TO HAPPEN:

FOR FREE



FOR INVESTMENTS)

MARKET PRICE

3%

1%

4%

0%

92%






Proposition 6

THE MAIN BENEFIT OF SDI FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR IS:

COST AND TIME SAVINGS

BETTER SERVICE DELIVERY

DELIVERY OF NEW SERVICES AND PRODUCTS

ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW COMPANIES

INCREASED BUSINESSES

13%

31%

25%

31%

Gratis zijn




Tegen marktprijs

Proposition 7

MAKING SPATIAL DATA PRODUCED BY THE GOVERNMENT AVAILABLE TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR HAS TO BE:

FOR FREE



FOR INVESTMENTS)

MARKET PRICE

13%

31%

25%

31%

Gratis zijn




Tegen marktprijs

Proposition 7

MAKING SPATIAL DATA PRODUCED BY THE GOVERNMENT AVAILABLE TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR HAS TO BE:

FOR FREE



FOR INVESTMENTS)

MARKET PRICE

5%

15%

36%

29%

15%

Helemaal Eens

Eerder Eens


Eerder Oneens

Helemaal Oneens

Proposition 8

THE PRIVATE SECTOR CAN ACQUIRE SPATIAL DATA MORE EFFICIENT THAN THE GOVERNMENT

FULLY AGREE

AGREE

AGREE / DISAGREE

DISAGREE

FULLY DISAGREE

5%

15%

36%

29%

15%

Helemaal Eens

Eerder Eens


Eerder Oneens

Helemaal Oneens

Proposition 8

THE PRIVATE SECTOR CAN ACQUIRE SPATIAL DATA MORE EFFICIENT THAN THE GOVERNMENT

FULLY AGREE

AGREE

AGREE / DISAGREE

DISAGREE

FULLY DISAGREE

3%

1%

4%

0%

92%






Proposition 9

THE MAIN BENEFIT OF SDI FOR CITIZENS IS:

IMPROVED PUBLIC TRANSPARENCY / TRUST

GREATER PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CONTRIBUTION

TIME SAVINGS

HIGHER CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT

38%

19%

37%

2%

4%

het Europese

het federale

het regionale

het provinciale

het lokale

Proposition 10

THE ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL THAT HAS TO TAKE

THE LEAD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SDI IS:

THE EUROPEAN / INTERNATIONAL

THE NATIONAL

THE REGIONAL

THE PROVINCIAL

THE LOCAL

38%

19%

37%

2%

4%

het Europese

het federale

het regionale

het provinciale

het lokale

Proposition 10

THE ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL THAT HAS TO TAKE

THE LEAD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SDI IS:


THE NATIONAL

THE REGIONAL

THE PROVINCIAL

THE LOCAL

13%

43%

4%

7%

33%

het Europese

het federale

het regionale

het provinciale

het lokale

Proposition 11

THE WEAKEST SDI IS THE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL:


THE NATIONAL

THE REGIONAL

THE PROVINCIAL

THE LOCAL

13%

43%

4%

7%

33%

het Europese

het federale

het regionale

het provinciale

het lokale

Proposition 11

THE WEAKEST SDI IS THE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL:


THE NATIONAL

THE REGIONAL

THE PROVINCIAL

THE LOCAL

3%

1%

4%

0%

92%






Proposition 12

THE MAIN BOTTLENECK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SDI IS:

TECHNOLOGICAL

POLITICAL

FINANCIAL

HUMAN CAPACITY

LEGAL

6 CULTURAL – WILLINGNESS TO SHARE

24%

3%

73%

Duidelijke regels, wetten en werkstructuren

Concurrentie en marktwerking

Diepgaandere samenwerking

Proposition 13

In order to develop a successful Spatial Data Infrastructure, there is a strong need for:

Clear rules, laws, and working structures

Competition and market

Profound cooperation

24%

3%

73%

Duidelijke regels, wetten en werkstructuren

Concurrentie en marktwerking

Diepgaandere samenwerking

Proposition 13

In order to develop a successful Spatial Data Infrastructure, there is a strong need for:

Clear rules, laws, and working structures

Competition and market

Profound cooperation

1%

31%

26%

31%

4%

7%

Nieuwe geografische gegevens

Actuele geografische gegevens

Gestandaardiseerde geografische gegevens

Toegankelijke geografische gegevens

Op maat gemaakte geografische gegevens

Eénmalig ingezamelde geografische gegevens

Proposition 14

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SDI HAS TO ADDRESS MAINLY TO:

NEW SPATIAL DATA

ACTUAL SPATIAL DATA

STANDARDISED SPATIAL DATA

EASY SPATIAL DATA ACCESS

SPATIAL DATA PRE-PROCESSING

AVOIDANCE OF SPATIAL DATA DUPLICATION

1%

31%

26%

31%

4%

7%

Nieuwe geografische gegevens

Actuele geografische gegevens

Gestandaardiseerde geografische gegevens

Toegankelijke geografische gegevens

Op maat gemaakte geografische gegevens

Eénmalig ingezamelde geografische gegevens

Proposition 14

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SDI HAS TO ADDRESS MAINLY TO:

NEW SPATIAL DATA

ACTUAL SPATIAL DATA

STANDARDISED SPATIAL DATA

EASY SPATIAL DATA ACCESS

SPATIAL DATA PRE-PROCESSING

AVOIDANCE OF SPATIAL DATA DUPLICATION

73

Conclusions

What are your conclusions of the lecture?

Have I fulfilled your expectation?

Documents

The role of Geographic Information for good …...EduServ 14 (2016) • Pre-course seminar –7- 8 March 2016, University of Warsaw • Courses –RPAS in land survey – theory and