The Response to Luther

The Pope’s Threat Rebellious monk who needed to be

punished More popular made church more

nervous Pope Leo X-threatened him with

excommunication unless he took back his statements

Refused and burned so he was excommunicated

The Emperor’s Opposition

Charles V-opposed Luther

Summoned Luther to worms and told him to recant

Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!!

Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I

can do nothing else. God help me. Amen.")

He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

Edict of WormsImperial orderDeclared Luther an outlaw and heretic

No one was allowed to give him food or shelter

All books burned

Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony

Disobeyed the emperor and let him stay in his castle

Luther translated the New Testament into German

Returned to Wittenberg-where his ideas were placed into action

NOW-Luther and his followers had become a separate religious group

The Peasant’s Revolt Apply ideas to society Demanded end to serfdom Bands of peasants went about the

countryside raiding monasteries, pillaging, and burning.

LUTHER was HORRIFIED Revolt was crushed and 100,000 people

killed Peasants rejected Luther’s religious

leadership.

Germany at WAR Princes supported Lutheranism Saw as an excuse to seize Church

property and to assert their independence from Charles V

Some princes remained loyal to the pope.

Others signed a protest against that agreement-AKA Protestants- Christians who belonged to non

Catholic Church

Peace of Augsburg Charles V went to war against the Protestant

princes Defeated them but failed to force them back

into the Catholic Church 1555, tired of fighting ordered ALL princes to

assemble in Augsburg

Princes agreed that each ruler would decide the religion of his State

Henry VIII of England Wished to divorce

Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn

Wanted the pope to annul marriage-Pope refused

Called Reformation Parliament to pass laws that ended the pope power in England.

Act of Supremacy-1534

Called people to take an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting Henry, not the pope, as the official head of England’s Church.

Met opposition! EX: Thomas More

Consequences of Henry’s Changes

Henry finally got male heir on third child and wife.

After his death England was in religious turmoil.

Edward VI-too young and bad advisors

Mary-Catholic-returned rule of the pope-executed Protestants

Determined to return to Protestantism

Church of England (Anglican Church)

Only legal church of England

Wanted to please both Protestants and Catholics