THE RENEWABLE ENERGY - netherlandsworldwide.nl · THE ENERGY MARKET IN THE GCC 04 05 1 INTRODUCTION Renewables are the fastest growing source of energy for electricity generation,

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR DUTCH BUSINESSES IN THE GULF REGION


THE ENERGY MARKET IN THE GCCTHE RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET IN THE GCC

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1. INTRODUCTION 04

1.1 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 05

2. GCC RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET OVERVIEW 05

2.1 SOLAR 052.2 WIND 062.3 OTHER RENEWABLES 072.4 COST 072.5 CAPACITY 082.6 INVESTMENTS AND PROJECTS 08

3. GCC COUNTRY SPECIFIC RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET OVERVIEW 10

3.1 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE) 103.2 KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA (SAUDI ARABIA) 133.3 QATAR 143.4 OMAN 163.5 KUWAIT 183.6 BAHRAIN 20

4. SUPPORT FROM THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT 22

5. REFERENCES, USEFUL LINKS, ASSOCIATIONS, EVENTS AND EXHIBITIONS 24

CONTENTS

This report is commissioned by Holland+You. Holland+You is initiated by the Dutch economic network in the GCC to connect business needs in the region with Dutch solutions. It aims to create a platform for interaction between Dutch and Gulf business stakeholders online and offline. For more information please visit our website www.hollandplusyou.com or contact us at [email protected].


© Holland+You, December 2016

THE ENERGY MARKET IN THE GCC

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1 INTRODUCTION

Renewables are the fastest growing source of energy for electricity generation, with average annual increases of 2.9% from 2012 to 2040. Total investments in renewables as well as spending on new capacity, totalled $286 billion in 2015, which is 3% higher than the previous 2011 spending record (exhibit 1).

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RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS:MAJOR MILESTONES REACHED,NEW WORLD RECORDED SET

Last year set a new recordfor global investment inrenewable energy, whichrose 5 per cent to

more than six times higherthan in 2004.

$US 286 billion,

Developing Countries

$156 billion

Renewables attractched more than double the $ 130 billion committed to new coal and gas generation.

Developed Countries:

$130 billion

Vs

GLOBALINVESTMENT

IN FOSSIL FUEL:$130 billion

GLOBALINVESTMENT

IN FOSSIL FUEL:$286 billion

Exhibit 1: Renewable energy investments in 2015Source: www.unep.org, from Frankfurt school - UNEP centre / BNEF, Global trends in renewable energy investment 2016.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is one of the fastest growing markets for renewable energy. The GCC, comprised of 6 countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), experienced high economic growth in recent decades, largely due to wealth generated from abundant hydrocarbon reserves. Despite the intrinsic link between fossil fuels and the socio-economic development of the GCC states, the region is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. If global temperatures continue to rise, it is expected the region will experience an above average increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation. Concerns about the environment and CO2 emissions fuel the interest in the development of renewable energy sources.

The GCC countries face rising domestic energy demands. These are increasingly met by reducing energy exports and, in some cases, even importing energy sources. The GCC members are responding by continuing to diversify their energy strategies. The deployment of renewable energy plans and the policies that facilitate this are essential to encouraging investment in the sector. Plans, policies and targets that are long-term and stable yet flexible enough to adapt to dynamic technological and market changes will facilitate the right climate for energy diversification.

1.1 Opportunities and Challenges

The Netherlands is a leading global knowledge economy with a longstanding history of innovation that has placed the country at the forefront of solving global challenges. It has a long tradition of harnessing sustainable energy, particularly renewable wind energy. The Dutch supply over 60% of wind turbine technology globally. Dutch companies that are able to introduce or exploit new technologies in the renewable energy sector whilst keeping costs low will be more competitive. The ‘green gas’ technology and gasification of biomass are also areas in which Dutch companies have expertise.

With low solar prices the GCC countries are perfectly placed to take advantage of their natural solar resource for power generation and water desalination. Solar energy deployment has benefited from almost 60 years of research and development, transforming it into one of the most efficient, low risk investments to combat the increasing demand for electricity. Dutch companies that can ensure renewable energy deployment can compare, costwise, to hydrocarbon energy sources will be well placed to take advantage of the changing energy mix in the Gulf.

GCC RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET OVERVIEW

The GCC region is geographically suitable for renewable energy resources, in particular it has an abundance of solar irradiation. Despite being less prominent than solar, wind is a significant renewable energy resource found in areas of Kuwait, Oman and Saudi. Other technologies such as biomass, geothermal power and waste-to-energy could hold further potential but are relatively under explored.

Utilisation of these abundant resources in the GCC depends on elements such as distance from the grid, population density, land cover and protected areas. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has recently analysed the potential for renewable energy in the region and concluded that there is strong potential for a robust renewable energy market in the GCC.

Many GCC countries have included renewable energy targets and plans into their policies and frameworks. Naturally, there is a strong focus on solar energy as its deployment is highly suited to this region.

2.1 Solar

Solar energy is an attractive renewable energy source due to falling associated technology costs and its natural and unlimited availability. Almost 60% of the GCC ground surface area is reportedly extremely suitable for solar PV deployment as the GCC countries all enjoy high levels of solar irradiation due to their geographical location (exhibit 2). The development of 1% of this area could yield close to 470 giga watt (GW) of solar PV capacity.

Exhibit 2: Suitability of grid connected solar PV, scored between 70% and 100% suitability (from light yellow to dark red).Source: IRENA (2016), ‘Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region’, (http://irena.masdar.ac.ae/?map=2146)



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There are specific challenges for the region such as performance degradation due to extreme temperatures and accumulating dust. However, a better understanding of these challenges will ensure the optimal utilisation of solar energy technologies.

There are currently two ways of generating solar energy, Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and Concentrated Solar Thermal systems (CSP). CSP systems transform radiation from the sun into heat by use of mirrors to concentrate the rays and ultimately to heat a liquid. The steam then drives a heat engine turbine and subsequently an electric generator. Photovoltaic solar panels use solar cells that transform sunlight into an electric current by separating positive and negative charge carriers. The largest challenge with PV is to develop effective storage methods.

The abundance of solar and the falling technology costs make it a highly suitable renewable energy resource in the GCC. For example, PV modules cost 75% less today than they did in 2009 and are projected to decrease even further.

Solar PV technologies can also offer cost effective renewable energy solutions for the regions desalination infrastructure in the long term. Increasing solar energy utilisation allows for the separation of water production and supply from fossil fuel availability and price fluctuations. There are a number of ways in which to combine solar energy technologies into desalination infrastructure, such as using CSP technology for thermal desalination and PV technology for membrane desalination.

2.2 Wind

The costs of onshore wind have been declining globally, making it one of the most competitive renewable energy sources in wind rich countries. The most efficient wind projects in the world are producing wind energy at 0.05USD/kWh without financial support, which is effectively one of the lowest prices in the world and on par with conventional energy production costs in the regions rich in fossil fuels. Parts of Kuwait, Oman and Saudi have areas with naturally high wind speeds which suggests potential for wind energy deployment (exhibit 3). IRENAs recent study found that more than 56% of the GCCs surface area is suitable for wind deployment. The development of 1% of this area could yield close to 60GW of wind capacity.

Exhibit 3: Suitability of grid connected wind, up to 75 km from the grid, scored between 70% and 100% suitability (from light blue to dark blue). Source: (IRENA, 2016) (http://irena.masdar.ac.ae/?map=2146)

Wind as a renewable energy source can also offer solutions to desalination, for example by utilising wind for membrane desalination.

2.3 Other Renewables

In addition to the dominant renewable energy resources - solar PV, CSP and wind - other renewable energy sources include biomass, waste-to-energy, nuclear, hydro and geothermal. Biomass can be used directly by combustion in order to produce heat or indirectly by first converting it into different forms of biofuel. Waste-to-energy technology is a form of energy recovery and also can be used directly by combustion or indirectly by producing a combustible fuel such as methane. Nuclear energy is termed renewable when the production of nuclear fissile fuel is greater than the reactor consumes.

Waste-to-energy as a renewable energy option is interesting as it would also address the GCCs waste management challenges. Currently waste-to-energy is an emerging source of energy as only 0.25-0.3 terrawatt hours (TWh) of energy is being produced from waste, despite witnessing a 20-25% growth over the past 3 years. However, efficient management of waste-to-energy could reduce 90% of the waste going to landfill in the GCC. The UAE for example has 1.86kg of solid waste per capita which is relatively high and almost on par with the United States at 2.02kg per capita.

Biomass wastes can be converted into energy and fuels by biochemical and thermal conversion technologies. The Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium has recently opened a facility in Abu Dhabi to research aviation biofuels grown in seawater. Other technologies such as geothermal may have the potential to become a significant renewable energy source in the GCC but the technology and infrastructure have not been at the forefront of the renewable energy industry.

2.4 Cost

The renewable energy industry is benefitting from decreasing technology costs which are converted into low energy generation costs. According to IRENA’s latest research, solar PV could become cost competitive with nuclear energy and coal. The competitive procurement processes for the Mohammed Bin Rashed Al Maktoum Solar Park 2 in Dubai yielded prices as low as 0.06USD per kilowatt-hour (kWh) and are projected to decrease even further in the future. This price is, in part, due to the credit worthiness of the off taker, the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA). This is also, like with wind, one of the lowest prices globally and on par with oil and gas in the GCC. The cost of nuclear power is estimated slightly higher at approximately 0.11USD/kWh. Exhibit 4 below, visualises the ranges of levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) to compare the different generation technologies in the GCC.

20LCOE (US cents/kwh)

15

10

5

0Solar PV* Gas

($1-$8/MMbtu)LNG

($8-$16/MMbtu)Solar PV*

($40-$80/Barrel)Coal** Nuclear***

US$

Exhibit 4: LCOE of utility-scale electricity generation technologies in the GCC (US cents/kWh). For example, the low LCOE for Solar PV is based on the auction cost for Solar Park 2 whilst the high LCOE is based on project level data and regional expert opinion. The low LCOE for coal is based on the cost for the Hassyan Clean coal Power Plant in Dubai whilst the high LCOE is based on electricity generation using coal with CCS technology. Lastly the nuclear power range is based on estimates from 2012 and 2015.Source: IRENA (2016), ‘Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region’, includes information applicable to the period (2014-2015), derived from (Mills, 2015), (Channell et al., 2015), (MANAAR, 2014), (Scribbler, 2015), (Utilities ME Staff, 2015).

The abundance of solar and wind resources, falling technology costs and enabling policies make renewable energy far more cost competitive, particularly solar PV.



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2.5 Capacity

The GCCs installed renewable electricity capacity is predominantly from centralised solar projects. Together solar PV and CSP are responsible for 85% of current capacity and waste-to-energy and biomass projects account for almost 14% of current capacity (exhibit 5). Wind projects are also in development but currently make up only a small percentage of current capacity.

Countries/ Capacity (MW)

2011 2012 2013 2014

Total RE* Total RE* Total RE* Total RE* Wind PV CSP Biomass & Waste

Bahrain 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0 0

Kuwait 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 1 0 0

Oman 0 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0

Qatar 25 28.2 28.2 25 0 3.2 0 25

Saudi Arabia 0 19 25 0 0 25 0 0

UAE, Abu Dhabi 19.5 20 134.9 19.5 0.9 33 100 1

Total 45.2 67.9 188.9 45.2 1.4 63 100 26

Exhibit 5: Installed Renewable Energy Capacity in the GCC Countries.Source: IRENA (2016), ‘Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region’, IRENA Renewable Energy Statistics; (REN21, MOFA and IRENA, 2013); (RCREEE, 2015b)

At the end of 2014, renewable energy only made up 1% of more than 120 GW of installed power capacity in the GCC. The UAE is at the forefront of the renewable energy capacity with 70% of installed capacity. Qatar follows with 15% and Saudi Arabia comes in 3rd with 13%.

The percentage of renewables in the total installed power capacity in the GCC is likely to increase as Bloomberg New Energy Finance estimates that there are more than 250 MW of projects in the pipeline with 2 GW already planned or announced.

2.6 Investments & Projects

The climate for investment in renewable energy in the GCC is strong. Initially investment concentrated on small and large scale pilot projects, set up to evaluate the feasibilities of available technologies. Investment in 2011 grew exponentially due to the $800 million invested in the UAEs 10 MW Shams 1 CSP plant. Investment in the following years dropped until recently with a $400 million injection in the UAEs Solar Park 2 in Dubai and another $400 million for the Shagaya project in Kuwait (exhibit 6).

Million USD

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bahrain

Kuwait

Oman

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

UAE

Exhibit 6: GCC renewable energy investments from 2006 to 2015Source: IRENA (2016), ‘Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region’ with BNEF data with additions from IRENA based on interaction with GCC experts including (Alhajraf, 2015)

The renewable energy climate in the GCC is being enabled by member countries introducing policies that facilitate the introduction and development of renewable energy capacity. Most countries have announced renewable energy plans and targets for 2020 and 2030, including Qatar which expects to have 20% of capacity come from renewable sources in 2030 (exhibit 7).

Historically, private sector participation in energy sector projects have been prohibited by many GCC countries. Recently, several GCC countries have been introducing policies that allow the participation of power developers from the private sector. Much of the existing electricity and water production capacity in the UAEs capital of Abu Dhabi was installed by private companies. The Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority has a 60% stake in all of these projects. Increased private sector participation opens the door for further development of alternative energy sources such as renewable energy and increases the number of available projects.

When the 2030 renewable energy capacity targets are met by the different GCC countries, projected capacity would be close to 80GW. This would diversify the energy mix in the region, reducing the dependancy on fossil fuels, creating socio-economic benefits such as job creation in the industry, reduction of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and water usage.

GCC SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PLANS

2020: 5% of capacity

Kuwait

Bahrain

Qatar

UAE

OmanSaudi Arabia

2030: 20% of capacity(1800MW)

2017: 20% in per capitaelectricity con. and35% in per capitawater con. over 2011

2021: 24% clean energy2020: (Abu Dhabi) 7% of capacity 2030: (Dubai) 5GW solar PV

2030: (Dubai) power cons.by 30% vs businessas usual

2015: 5% in average gas cons.per kWh of generation

2022:2040:

9.5GW54GW 41GW Solar,9GW Wind,3GW W2**, 1GW Geo

2020:2030:

5% of genergation15% of generationCSP 5.7 GW, PV 4.6 GWWind 0.7 GW

Renewable Energy Targets

Energy Efficiency Targets

5% generation efficiency10% energy cons. in buildings

2020: Energy intensity = G72021: 14%

8%Peak demandelectricityconsumption

Exhibit 7: GCC Sustainable energy plans and targets, sources from K.A.CARE have indicated that the renewable energy plan for Saudi Arabia was intended as a scenario rather than an official target.Source: IRENA (2016), ‘Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region’, with (Lahn, Stevens and Preston, 2013); (RCREEE, 2015a); (REN21, MOFA and IRENA, 2013) and (RCREEE, 2015b) and others.



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GCC COUNTRY SPECIFIC RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET OVERVIEW

The GCC has a rapidly increasing demand growth in electricity. In an effort to address this, the 6 member countries, the UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, developed a region-wide power grid. The project was completed in late 2012 and connects the Northern System (Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Qatar) to the Southern System (UAE and Oman). Analysis has suggested that the GCC power grid has the potential to branch out into Northern Africa and even link into Europe’s power grids. The numerous benefits connected countries currently have include the import and export of electricity as well as the reduction of power outages in the short term.

An important factor for renewable energy in the UAE, and other GCC member countries, is the comparative view of energy costs. This, together with the deployment of enabling policies and regulations will drive growth in the industry.

3.1 United Arab Emirates

The UAE has set a target of 24% renewable energy by 2021. This policy is mainly driven by rapidly increasing natural gas prices and decreasing renewable energy costs. Both Dubai and Abu Dhabi also have ambitious individual renewable energy targets. Abu Dhabi’s renewable energy targets include 7% of total capacity to be from renewable sources in 2020. Dubai has recently increased its renewable energy target to 7% of capacity in 2020 and close to 15% in 2030. By 2030 the country aims to have a fully diversified energy mix. Exhibit 8 visualises a projected daily power generation mix by 2030.

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WIND

Masdar has also invested in wind projects overseas, such as the 360 MW London Array Wind Farm in the United Kingdom and the Tafila Wind Farm 117MW in Jordan. The UAE wind-mapping project, led by Masdar, identified locations for potential turbine sites. Masdar has completed the Sir Bani Yas wind farm on one of such sites with an installed capacity of almost 30MW.

OTHER

Mainstream renewables like solar PV and wind are estimated to be cheaper than nuclear energy. However, in 2009, the UAE’s Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR) and the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) awarded a $20 billion contract to the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) to construct 4 nuclear reactors in Barakah. All are expected to be operational by 2020 with the 1st to be completed as early as 2017.

Waste-to-energy technologies are already economic in the UAE. TAQA, an Abu Dhabi based energy company and the Centre for Waste Management - Abu Dhabi (CWM), signed a collaboration agreement to study and develop a waste-to-energy demonstration facility at Abu Dhabi’s Dalma Island. The plant is planned to be operational by 2017, generating enough power for 20,000 households in Abu Dhabi as well as cutting greenhouse gases. Once the $850m project is built it will be one of the biggest waste-to-energy facilities in the world with a capacity of 100MW. Masdar has signed a strategic partnership agreement with Bee’ah, Sharjah’s environment company, to further develop the UAE’s waste to energy sector with an initial planned capacity of 83MW.

There are also other alternative energy resources that may encourage greater use of bioenergy. The Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium in Abu Dhabi is researching aviation biofuels grown in seawater. Researchers at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology analysed the potential of 26 types of biomass from 18 species, including various lignocellulose forms of biomass, such as date palm leaflets, date palm trunks and several seagrasses.

Solar PV

Electricitygeneration (GW)

Wind

CSP(with storage)Cogeneration

Waste to Energy

Nuclear

40

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00

30

20

10

0

Exhibit 8: Projected daily power generation for the UAE in 2030 by technologySource: IRENA (2016), ‘Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region’, with Sgouridis et al. 2013.

SOLAR

Solar is the main renewable energy resource and focus for the UAE. Analysts have projected that different forms of solar energy could potentially account for more than 90% of renewable capacity in 2030 when sustained and increased solar energy deployment. Abu Dhabi has launched projects using both photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technology, while Dubai is currently focusing on PV systems.

The UAE has foreign investments in solar energy such as the 20MW Gemasolar solar plant in Spain led by Abu Dhabi’s renewable energy company, Masdar. Major domestic solar projects include Dubai’s Mohammad bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park which, once all phases are completed, will have a capacity of over 1 GW. A Masdar-led consortium won the contract for the 800MW last phase of the solar park. Masdar will team up with Spanish firms, Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV) - an Abdul Latif Jameel company, and Gransolar Group. The project has set a global record in terms of low cost, highlighting solar PV’s attractiveness in the Gulf region.

Other projects include Abu Dhabi’s Shams 1, developed by Masdar, which has an installed CSP capacity of 100MW and the smaller Masdar City solar PV park with 10MW of installed capacity. There are also a number of planned projects to increase the UAE’s renewable solar capacity such as the 350MW Noor 1 Solar PV plant and the Utico 40MW solar power plant in Ras Al Khaimah.


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KEY INSTITUTIONS AND COMPANIES

Abu Dhabi Center for Waste Management (Tadweer), www.cwm.ae/en, is responsible for controlling and coordinating waste management activities throughout the Emirate. Tadweer also coordinates the policy, strategy and contractual systems of waste management across the emirate of Abu Dhabi.

Abu Dhabi Electricity and Water Authority (ADWEA), www.adwea.ae/en, researches and develops ways to more efficiently produce, distribute and consume water and electricity. ADWEA is owned by the Abu Dhabi Government, but is financially and administratively independent.

Abu Dhabi Electricity and Water Company, www.adwec.ae, is a wholly owned subsidiary of ADWEA, responsible for the security of the supply of water and electricity in Abu Dhabi.

Abu Dhabi Gas (ADGAS), www.adgas.com/en, is responsible for the processing, marketing and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas.

Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC (TAQA), www.taqaglobal.com, has investments in power generation, water desalination, oil and gas exploration and production, pipelines and gas storage.

Dubai Electricity & Water Authority (DEWA), www.dewa.gov.ae, seeks to establish a diversified energy mix by 2030.

Dubai Supreme Council of Energy (DSCE), www.dubaisce.gov.ae, is developing alternative and renewable energy sources for the Emirate, while increasing energy efficiency to reduce demand.

Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC), www.enec.gov.ae, is the entity responsible for the deployment, ownership and operation of nuclear energy plants in the United Arab Emirates.

Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR), www.fanr.gov.ae, is the independent government body charged with regulating and licensing nuclear activities in the UAE, which in addition to the nuclear power programme, includes radioactive material and radiation sources used in medicine, research, oil exploration and other industries.

Federal Electricity and Water Authority (FEWA), www.fewa.gov.ae, is responsible for regulating electricity in the UAE (with the exception of the following who have emirate level institutions: Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah).

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), www.irena.org, is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international cooperation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy.

Masdar, www.masdar.ae/en, is a company responsible for advancing renewable energy through education, R&D, investment and commercialisation. A wholly owned subsidiary of the Abu Dhabi Government-owned Mubadala Development Company, Masdar comprises three business units—including Masdar Capital, Masdar Clean Energy and Masdar City—and is complemented by Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, www.masdar.ac.ae, an independent, research-driven graduate university.

Regulation and Supervision Bureau (RSB), www.rsb.gov.ae, is the independent regulatory body for the water and electricity sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. www.rsbdubai.gov.ae, is the independent regulatory body for the water and electricity sector in the Emirate of Dubai.

Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA), www.sewa.gov.ae/en, generating and distributing electricity, water and gas to the population of Sharjah.

3.2 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi)

Saudi has recently delayed its deadline for meeting its 54GW renewable energy capacity goal by a decade. The earlier $100 billion solar programme targeted 41GW of solar power, 9GW of wind, 3GW of waste-to-energy and 1GW of geothermal capacity by 2040.

SOLAR

Saudi currently has very limited installed solar capacity, approximately 17.8MW of solar PV and 17MW of solar water heating, spread out over 4 completed small scale projects. After scaling back its previous targets, Saudi plans to install 9.5GW of renewable energy under its Vision 2030 programme announced in 2016 at an estimated cost of $20 billion. The new target is about 14% of the country’s current generating capacity.

However, the country still has numerous projects in the pipeline. The projected solar PV capacity is approximately 610MW and projected CSP capacity lies around 100MW. The CSP capacity will be evenly divided between two planned projects: the Duba power plant phase 1 and the Waad Al Shamal project.

Saudi Electricity Co. (SEC), the Gulf’s largest utility, announced in 2016 that it had contracted Spanish solar firm Inteq Energia and the Saudi Services for Electro Mechanic Works (SSEM) for the $667 million Green Duba plant. The 605MW plant, which will produce 43 MW of solar energy, will be Saudi’s first fossil fuel-fired power plant to incorporate solar energy production. This is known as an integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) plant. ISCC plants reduce emissions of climate-warming carbon by increasing the amount of steam available for driving power generation turbines, without having to burn more gas or oil.

WIND

Whilst no specific quotas for wind capacity are mentioned in the Vision 2030 programme, Saudi Aramco and GE are partnering to install the country’s first wind turbine at the Turaif Bulk Plant, located in the north-west of the country. This is the 1st regional installation of GE’s 2.75-120 Wind Turbine, which has been specifically designed to function in Saudi’s climate. The pilot programme will develop expertise on executing wind projects in the kingdom.

OTHER

The planned King Salman Green Initiative in Madinah is projected to include renewable energy sources other than solar and wind but the alternative renewable energy sources have not been specified.


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ACWA Power, www.acwapower.com, is a Saudi company that provides electricity and desalination. Its energy portfolio includes solar and CSP, geothermal, wind, waste-to-energy and clean coal.

DarSolar, www.darsolar.com, is a 100% Saudi-owned company designed to assist companies working in the solar industry who are interested in becoming established in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region.

King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A.CARE), www.kacare.gov.sa/en, aims to build a sustainable future for Saudi Arabia by developing a substantial alternative energy capacity fully supported by world-class local industries. K.A.CARE and King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center combine research on supply and demand-side solutions including fossil fuel-based energy, energy efficiency and alternative energies.

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), www.kaust.edu.sa, seeks to produce future leaders in science, technology and industry.

King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), www.kacst.edu.sa/en, is an independent scientific organisation involved in science and technology policy making, data collection, funding of external research, and services such as the patent office.

Ministry of Water & Electricity (MOWE), www.mowe.gov.sa/EN, is responsible for all water and electricity related matters. The Minister of Water & Electricity chairs the boards of: Saudi Electricity Company, www.se.com.sa/en, the electric utility company has a monopoly on the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Saudi Arabia through 45 power generation plants in the country. Its major shareholders are the Ministry of Water & Electricity (74.3 per cent), Saudi Aramco (6.9 per cent) and public shares (18.8 per cent). National Water Company (NWC), www.nwc.com.sa/en, contracts out water distribution services for individual cities to the private sector under management contracts.

Saudi Arabia Solar Industry Association (SASIA), www.saudi-sia.com, is a non-governmental association, which aims to promote solar power in the Saudi Arabia and across the Middle East.

Saudi Aramco, www.saudiaramco.com, is the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, operating in the exploration, production, refining, distribution, shipping and marketing of hydrocarbons, and the world’s top exporter of crude oil and natural gas liquids (NGLs).

Saudi Electricity Co., www.se.com.sa/en, the electric utility company has a monopoly on the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in Saudi Arabia through 45 power generation plants in the country.

3.3 Qatar

Qatar is looking to expand its renewable energy infrastructure and has previously set a target of 2% renewable energy contribution in the national energy mix by 2020. Qatar has recently announced that 20% of capacity, 1800MW, should come from renewable resources by 2030.

Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC) and Qatar Petroleum (QP) are planning a $500 million joint venture company mandated to invest in renewable energy projects with a focus on solar power. The country can benefit from its tremendous solar energy potential.

SOLAR

The delayed Al Duhail Solar PV Park 10MW was expected to be operational by 2016. Upon completion the project will have a capacity of 10-15MW and cover an area of more than 100,000m². This park is the first of a number of sites throughout the country that will need to be developed in order to reach the Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation’s (Kahramaa) initial extra 200MW of solar energy. Kahramaa has set a future target of 1.8GW of installed solar capacity by 2020. According to the Energy and Industry Minister the next couple of years will see the extra 200MW of energy come from a number of smallscale plants, each generating 5-10MW, at a cost of approximately $30 million a year. Qatar does not have the same abundance of surface area as some of its neighbours and as such aims to identify over 60 additional sites for land which would otherwise be unusable as well as locations like tops of water reservoirs.

WIND

Qatar experiences moderate wind speeds, which are suitable for small wind turbines for water pumping or to produce electricity at remote locations, such as isolated farms. However, wind projects in the country have yet to be announced.

OTHER

Qatar’s renewable energy mix includes some capacity for biomass energy. Biomass is largely contributed by municipal wastes and a 34MW waste-to-energy plant is already in operation at the Domestic Solid Waste Management Center (DSWMC) at Messiaeed. According to a government spokesperson, Qatar invested approximately $1 billion in the centre, allocating $500m for design and construction and $500 million for operational costs spanning 20 years. The facility has been operational for 4 years and has a capacity of 2,300 tonnes of waste a day, around 95% of which is recycled or converted to energy. It produces 50MW of electricity of which 42MW goes to the national electricity grid while the remaining 8MW is used to operate the centre.


Al Emadi Solar, www.alemadisolar.com, Al Emadi Solar is one of the leading renewable energy companies in Qatar. The company offers solar products and technical advice on the design, engineering and installation of photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems.

Green Gulf Inc., www.green-gulf.com, is a clean technology and renewable energy advisory business focused on the development and management of renewable energy in the Middle East, North Africa and Asia.

Qatar Electricity and Water company (QEWC), www.qewc.com, is the country’s national power generation and water desalination company.

Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), http://www.qeeri.org.qa, is a mission driven national research institute, with the mandate of leading the National Energy and Water Security Grand Challenges, in line with Qatar’s National Vision 2030 strategy.

Qatar Foundation, www.qf.org.qa, the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development is a private, non-profit organisation that supports and operates programs in three core mission areas: education, science and research, and community development.


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Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation (Kahramaa), www.km.com.qa, is Qatar’s energy distributor, Kahramaa is in the process of deploying 200MW of solar projects, with the goal of generating 2% of the country’s electricity by 2020.

Qatar National Food Security Programme (QNFSP), www.qnfsp.gov.qa, established in 2008, the Qatar National Food Security Programme develops recommendations for Qatar’s Food Security policy, while working with regional and international partners to develop best practices and optimal use of resources in the agricultural sector. A key component of the programme includes recommendations for using solar technologies to provide 80% of the power required for water desalination and other operations of Qatar’s agricultural sector.

Qatar Science & Technology Park (QSTP), www.qstp.org.qa, is the national agency charged with executing applied research and delivering commercialized technologies in four themed areas: Energy, Environment, Health Sciences, and Information and Communication Technologies. QSTP is located at Qatar Foundation’s Education City and has access to the resources of its cluster of leading research universities.

Qatar Solar Industry Association (QSIA), www.solargcc.com, the Solar GCC Alliance is in the process of forming a Qatar affiliate, to be known as the Qatar Solar Industry Association (QSIA). This organisation will seek to create new solar energy business and employment opportunities in Qatar and enable collaboration opportunities throughout the GCC region.

Qatar Solar Technologies (QSTec), www.qstec.com, is a joint venture between the Qatar Foundation, Germany’s SolarWorld, and the government-owned Qatar Development Bank. The company is establishing itself with the production of polysilicon, and hopes to expand along the value chain into ingots, wafers, cells modules and applications.

3.4 Oman

Oman’s Vision 2020 policy announced a production target of 10% of Oman’s total electricity requirements from renewable energy sources by 2020. Oman has an emergent renewable energy sector with several projects making progress. Oman’s Rural Areas Electricity Company (RAECO) plans to install 90 megawatts of renewable capacity by 2020.

SOLAR

In 2013, the Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), the largest producer of oil and gas in Oman, and GlassPoint Solar, the global leader in solar enhanced oil recovery (EOR), joint developed the 7MW Amal solar thermal plant.

Following the Amal pilot project’s success, Oman and Royal Dutch Shell announced a $53 million investment in California’s GlassPoint Solar in 2014. PDO and GlassPoint solar are the joint developers of the planned 1GW Miraah CSP plant in Oman. According to the partners, the CSP plant can save up to 80% of gas consumption on an oil field. The plant aims to establish CSP as a key asset for EOR and the first steam generation is planned for 2017. The full scale project will include 36 glasshouse modules, commissioned and built in succession in groups of 4.

WIND

The country’s first commercial scale wind project is a 50:50 joint venture between RAECO and Masdar. The Dhofar wind farm project has been retendered and its planned launch in 2017 is therefore delayed. The estimated $125 million project will have a capacity of 50MW when completed. The plans include up to 25 wind turbines expected to generate between 2 and 3.5 MW each, meeting the electricity needs of 16,000 homes in the Thamrait area. A further goal of the government is the growth of supporting sectors in the industry, such as operations and management and other services that would drive the wind-based renewable energy development in the country.

OTHER

Oman joined the International Atomic Energy Agency in 2009. However, the country currently does not have a nuclear energy programme and there are no plans to construct any nuclear generating facilities.


Authority for Electricity Regulation, Oman (AER), AER is the authority responsible for regulating the quality of service, customer bills and efficient operation of the Oman electricity sector.

Iskan Oman Investment Company SAOC, www.iskanoman.com, is seeking to become a leader in the investment sector in the Sultanate of Oman and the GCC at large by investing in sustainable businesses with strong growth potential.

Oman Power and Water Procurement Company SAOC (OPWP), www.omanpwp.com, is the single buyer of power and water for all IPP/IWPP projects within the Sultanate of Oman.

Oman Solar Industry Association (OSIA), www.oman-sia.com, the Solar GCC Alliance is in the process of forming an Oman affiliate, to be known as the Oman Solar Industry Association (OSIA). This organisation will seek to create new solar energy business and employment opportunities in Oman and enable collaboration opportunities throughout the GCC region.

Oman Solar Systems Co. LLC (OSS), www.omansolar.com, offers turnkey services from concept to commissioning and servicing, with total capacity for the design, manufacture, installation and maintenance of solar photovoltaic systems.

Public Authority for Electricity & Water (PAEW), www.paew.gov.om, is the regulator for both water and electricity services in Oman. As part of its role, PAEW encourages the private sector to invest in construction, ownership, operation maintenance and development of water & electricity projects.

Rural Areas Electricity Company SAOC (RAECO), www.reefiah.com, is a government entity structured as a closed Omani joint stock Company registered under the Commercial Companies Law. Its activities include electricity generation, transmission, distribution & supply and desalination.

Suhail Bahwan Group, www.suhailbahwangroup.com, is one of the largest business organisations of the Middle East. Over the last three decades the company’s Energy & Power division has grown extensively to include power stations in Oman, UAE and Algeria.

Sultan Qaboos University in Oman (SQU), https://www.squ.edu.om/engineering/Research/Research-Groups/RASERG-group, established the Renewable & Sustainable Energies Research Group (RASERG) in April 2003. It is tasked to facilitate research, generate funding and build relationships between the University and national and international organisations in the field of renewable and sustainable energy.

SUNCNIM, www.suncnim.com, owns and operates solar power plants. The company was incorporated in 2015 and is based in La Seynesur-Mer, France. SUNCNIM develops , builds (EPC) and operates solar steam generators and solar power plant based on its proprietary Fresnel direct steam generation technology especially for thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and electricity applications.


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3.5 Kuwait

Kuwait’s electricity consumption relies almost entirely on oil products and natural gas for power generation. Currently, the country is facing important grid and capacity issues as well as a rapidly growing energy demand. As a response to these shortages, the Kuwaiti government is planning to increase generation capacity in the next decades. Most of the newly planned capacity will come from natural gas or oil, but the government also aims to generate 15% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. These targets are to be achieved by capitalising on the country’s wind and solar energy potential. Kuwait has also set energy efficiency targets to reduce energy consumption per capita by 10% in the residential and industrial sector, as well as to improve power generation efficiency by 5% in the utility sector.

SOLAR

Solar as a renewable energy resource will play a large part in the governments goal to generate 15% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. This target will be met by installing 5.7GW of CSP and 4.6GW of PV, capitalising on the countries solar energy potential.

The $400 million Shagaya Renewable Energy Park is a major Kuwaiti initiative. The state has partnered with international companies in a 3-phased process. The 1st phase will be a 50MW thermal solar energy park scheduled to be completed by 2016. The 2nd and 3rd phases are a 10MW wind turbine park and a further 10MW solar park. Together, the three facilities will have a capacity of 70MW and to generate a total of 2,000 MW of renewable energy (15% of its total energy needs) by 2030.

The Spanish TSK Group and Kuwaiti Kharafi National were awarded the $385 million contract to develop the 50MW thermal solar plant in the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park in 2015. The solar plant is scheduled to begin commercial operation in 2017, generating enough solar energy to meet the power needs of 100,000 local households and offsetting the carbon emissions of 12.5 million barrels of oil annually, TSK Group has calculated. The Spanish-Kuwaiti consortium was also awarded the 10MW solar PV project, construction is underway and the project is estimated to be operational by 2017.

Another solar-thermal project high on the government’s agenda is the Al Abdaliyah Integrated Solar Combined Cycle plant. The proposed plant will have 280MW of total capacity, 60MW of which will be generated from solar power.

WIND

Elecnor (60%) and Alghanim International (40%), a Kuwaiti multinational with a track record in engineering and construction projects, have been awarded a $24.3 million contract to build Kuwait’s 1st wind farm in the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park. The project includes the engineering, construction and installation of five 2 MW wind turbines, connection to a 132 kV substation and the start-up and subsequent maintenance of the facility for 6 years.

The investment for the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park is being provided by the Kuwaiti government. The country has announced that future solar developments in the country will be allocated to private investors interested in developing Kuwait’s abundant solar and wind resources.

OTHER

In 2010, the head of the Kuwaiti National Nuclear Energy Committee announced a 20-year co-operative deal with the French Atomic Energy Commission to develop nuclear power in Kuwait. Kuwait was considering 4 nuclear power plants and agreed to allow International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors into any future nuclear sites. However, following Japan’s Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, Kuwait dissolved its National Nuclear Energy Committee and abandoned its plans to produce nuclear power.


Al Ahleia Switchgear Company, www.ahleiasg.com, a manufacturer of power transmission and distribution equipments.

Al Zahem International Group Trading & Contracting Company, www.alzahemgroup.com, provides the oil, energy and industrial sectors in Kuwait with specialty products and services. Alghanim International General Trading & Contracting Company, www.falghanim.com, a civil and electromechanical engineering and contracting company. It is member of Fouad Alghanim & Sons Group of Companies - a multinational group based in Kuwait with interests in engineering, construction, power, oil and gas, automotive, investment, trading, shipping, aviation, telecom, hospitality and real estate.

Heavy Engineering Industries & Shipbuilding Company (HEISCO), www.heisco.com, is an EPC contracting company based in Kuwait with a diversified range of business in Oil and Gas, Petrochemicals, Power, Pressure Equipment Manufacturing, Shipbuilding and Repair, Dredging & Marine Construction, Major Civil Construction, Maintenance and other industrial services including Heavy Industry projects.

Kharafi National, www.kharafinational.com, is a leading Infrastructure Project Developer in water, wastewater treatment and reclamation, district cooling, solid waste management and enhanced oil recovery as well as a leading Contractor and Facilities Management Service Provider to the petroleum, chemicals, power, water and commercial sectors in the Middle East and Africa.

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), www.kisr.edu.kw, carries out applied scientific research to help the advancement of national industry and undertakes studies relating to the preservation of the environment, resources of natural wealth and their discovery, sources of water and energy, methods of agricultural exploitation and promotion of water wealth.

Kuwait Solar Industry Association (KSIA), www.solargcc.com, is responsible for creating new solar energy business and employment opportunities in Kuwait and enable collaboration opportunities throughout the GCC region.

Mechanical Engineering and Contracting Company (MECC), www.mecckw.com, is part of the Alghanim Mechanical Engineering and Contracting Company and an EPC contractor for major pipeline projects, civil works, major equipment, plant installation & operation and maintenance projects.

Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW), www.mew.gov.kw/en/, is the sole supplier of electricity and water resources in Kuwait. It is also the central regulatory body that manages the supply and demand of these two resources in the country.

Solarity Solar Energy, www.solaritykw.com, was established in order to spread the innovation of modern day technology of the eco-friendly market throughout the Middle East.


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3.6 Bahrain

The government is making efforts to integrate more renewable energy in its energy mix as part of its national initiative to reach 5% renewable energy generation by 2020. In Bahrain, as with other countries across the GCC, electricity production is heavily subsidised and supplied at a price which is less than the cost of generation. Bahrain is planning to increase its electricity generating capacity which, with the exception of its 5MW of installed solar power, is currently largely fossil fuel-fired.


Bahrain Economic Development Board (EDB), www.bahrainedb.com/en, is a dynamic public agency with overall responsibility for attracting inward investment into Bahrain and supporting initiatives that help enhance the investment climate in the country.

Bahrain Solar Industry Association (BSIA), www.bahrain-sia.com, seeks to create new solar energy business and employment opportunities in Bahrain and enable collaboration opportunities throughout the GCC region.

Kingdom of Bahrain Electricity and Water Authority (EWA), www.mew.gov.bh, EWA’s objective is to provide electricity and water resources to all sectors of the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Petra Solar, www.petrasolar.com, New Jersey based Petra Solar combines the power of distributed solar energy solutions with a smart grid communications infrastructure. The company was selected to install a 5MW highly distributed power plant to supply electricity to Awali, the University of Bahrain, and other locations in Bahrain.

University of Bahrain (UoB), www.uob.edu.bh/english, is the only national higher education institution in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

SOLAR

Bahrain, like neighbouring GCC states, has some of the highest solar radiation levels in the world, making solar an appealing form of renewable energy. In fact, a Gulf Research Centre report estimates that the country has the potential to generate 33 terawatt hours (TWh) per year from solar power.

In 2014, Bahrain completed its BAPCO 5MW ‘smart solar power plant’ (a combination of both solar power and smart grid technology) which will generate 8000MW, spread over 12 locations. The plant is a collaboration between Petra Solar, Caspian Renewable Energy, the national Oil and Gas Authority (NOGA), the Electricity & Water Authority (EWA) and academia. It is owned by the Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO), a NOGA subsidiary.

OTHER

The planned Askar Waste to Energy Project is a pioneering Public Private Partnership (PPP) venture. The waste incineration facility will treat 390,000 tons of solid wastes per year and is projected to generate 25MW of power which will be fed into the national grid. The project is expected to increase the life span of the Askar landfill which is filling up rapidly and may reach its capacity as early as 2017. The project will also ease the solid waste management situation in the capital city Manama and provide an alternative means for power production in the country.

The 5MW PV project and the 25MW waste-to-energy project in Askar demonstrate an increased interest of the Bahraini government to work with private companies in order to increase foreign direct investment in their renewable energy market. The Askar waste-to-energy plant project will require a $480 million investment generated through a PPP financing structure. This capital injection marks the commitment of private and government to secure long-term investment in further research and development and manufacturing in Bahrain’s renewable energy industry.


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SUPPORT FROM THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT

The Dutch economic government network in the GCC countries offers numerous services that can help Dutch companies establish their business in the Gulf. The services are centered around providing market insights, identifying potential business partners as well as advice on establishing a business in the GCC. To strengthen this support, the network started in 2015 Holland+You. Holland+You is initiated to further strengthen business relationships between the Netherlands and the GCC countries. It aims to generate more interaction between Dutch and Gulf stakeholders, to connect business needs in the GCC with Dutch solutions and to create an online regional platform and business events. For more information please visit the website www.hollandplusyou.com.

TRADE REQUESTS

A trade request can be made to an affiliated Embassy and often includes questions about exporting to and investing in any of the GCC countries as well as requesting further information on potential business opportunities. The Embassies in Abu Dhabi (UAE), Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), Doha (Qatar), Muscat (Oman), Kuwait City (Kuwait) and the Consulate General in Dubai (UAE) are more than happy to assist you.

BUSINESS PARTNER SCAN

A business partner scan sources reputable potential business contacts in your specified target market. These business partners can include agents or distributors as well as manufacturing partners. For more information on the business partner scan and other useful services, please visit the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) website, www.rvo.nl.

COMPANY VERIFICATION

The Dutch Economic Network will verify that the company of interest is correctly registered with the corresponding local authority. Only requests from companies based in The Netherlands will be processed.

TRADE MISSIONS & DELEGATIONS

The Netherlands regularly organizes trade missions, delegations and joint submissions for exhibitions for and in the Gulf region. The GCC has several trade fairs that may be of great interest. The Dutch Economic Network supports presentations at international exhibitions and is able to provide current insights into local industry sectors as well as the region as a whole. The Network is able to advise on participation as well as identify local partners. For further information on trade missions and delegations please refer to the trade mission agenda on the RVO website.

TRADE DISPUTES

The Dutch Economic Network can provide a list of law firms that can support your business during a trade dispute. Common trade disputes include different interpretations of contracts and agreements as well as liability disputes arising from breach of local regulations and requirements.

ORANGE CARPET VISA PROCEDURE

This service aims to facilitate business opportunities and promote trade and investment between the GCC countries and the Netherlands. As such, the service processes visa applications for employees who travel frequently from GCC countries to the Netherlands in a timely and efficient manner. Dutch businesses that have an exclusive partnership with a GCC company or a business with an office in both a GCC country and the Netherlands, can register for the Orange Carpet Visa procedure.

To apply for an Orange Carpet visa, please contact the relevant GCC country Dutch Economic Network representative.

OTHER SERVICES

– Access to business contacts through the Dutch Economic Network – Advice on law firms, legal representation and certified accountants – Holland+You promotion

SUPPORT TOOLS

The Dutch Economic Network liaises with Ministries and other organizations in the Netherlands. The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) for example, has several tools to support Dutch starts-ups and/or established businesses with international ambitions. Please visit www.rvo.nl for further information.

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REFERENCES, USEFUL LINKS, ASSOCIATIONS, EVENTS AND EXHIBITIONS

BROCHURE REFERENCES

– BP, Statistical review of world energy 2016 – Chatham House, Fuel, Food and Utilities Price Reforms in the GCC, A Wake-up Call for Business, 2016 – Energy Information Administration, US Department of Energy, Country Focus – EY, Renewable energy country attractiveness index – International Energy Outlook, 2016 – IRENA, Renewable Energy Market Analysis: The GCC Region, 2016 – PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Predictions for 2016 – United Arab Emirates Ministry of Energy, The UAE state of energy report, 2016 – Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2016

USEFUL LINKS

www.bloombergnewenergyfinance.com, monitors market changes, deal flows and financial activity, allowing for insight into the future of the energy system.

www.cleantechholland.com, is an export organisation and platform for Dutch clean tech businesses, universities, governments, and nonprofit organisations.

www.cleantechnica.com, is a US based site for cleantech news & commentary, focussing on, solar energy, wind energy, electric cars, and other clean technologies.

www.ecomena.org, creates awareness of renewable energy, sustainability, waste management, environment protection, energy efficiency and resource conservation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

www.eia.gov, Energy Information Administration, provides information and data products covering energy production, stocks, demand, imports, exports, and prices; and prepares analyses and special reports on topics of current interest.

www.renewableenergyworld.com, provides information on global renewable energy focused services.

www.renewablegreenenergypower.com, provides articles, information and opinions on renewable energy technology and green power.

www.venturesonsite.com, lists new construction projects in the Gulf and other MENA regions

REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

– EU-GCC Clean Energy Network, aims to catalyse partnerships between clean energy stakeholders, both in the GCC and the EU. – Middle East Solar Industry Association (MESIA), aims to expand the use of solar power in the Middle East. – Solar GCC Alliance, aims to fully utilise the regions solar potential. – REN21. – The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), aims to support countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international cooperation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy. – Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), is a global renewable energy energy multi-stakeholder policy network that provides international leadership for the rapid transition to renewable energy.

EVENTS AND EXHIBITIONS

– Biomass and bioenergy, www.biomass.global-summit.com, Dubai, UAE – Doha Carbon and Energy Forum, www.dcef-qatar.org, Doha, Qatar – Dubai Solar Show, www.dubaisolarshow.com, Dubai, UAE – Energy Qatar, www.energy-qatar.com, Doha, Qatar – Global Innovation Summit, www.innovationsummit.ae, Dubai, UAE – Gulf Safety Forum (GSF), www.goic.org.qa, Doha, Qatar – Intersolar Summit Middle East, www.intersolar.ae, Dubai, UAE – IRENA Assembly, www.irena.org, Abu Dhabi, UAE – Kuwait Oil & Gas Show and Conference (KOGS), www.kogs2017.com, Kuwait – Middle East Electricity, http://www.middleeastelectricity.com, Dubai, UAE – Middle East and North Africa Renewable Energy Conference (MENAREC), www.mena-rec6.com, Kuwait – Project Qatar, www.projectqatar.com, Doha, Qatar – Saudi Energy, www.saudi-energy.com, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – Solar Middle East, www.solarmiddleeast.ae, Dubai, UAE – Water, Energy, Technology, and Environment Exhibition (WETEX), www.wetex.ae, Dubai, UAE – World Green Economy Summit (WGES), www.wges.ae, Dubai, UAE – Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week • World Future Energy Summit (WFES), www.worldfutureenergysummit.com, Abu Dhabi, UAE • International Water Summit (IWS), www.internationalwatersummit.com, Abu Dhabi, UAE • Zayed Future Energy Prize (ZFEP), www.zayedfutureenergyprize.com, Abu Dhabi, UAE

DISCLAIMER: The designations employed and the presentation of materials featured herein are provided on an “as is” basis, for in-formational purposes only, without any conditions, warranties or undertakings, either express or implied, from the embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Abu Dhabi, its officials and agents, including but not limited to warranties of accuracy, completeness and fitness for a particular purpose or use of such content. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of the individuals of the embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Abu Dhabi nor is it an endorsement of any project, product or service provider. The designations employed and the presen-tation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Abu Dhabi concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

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Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

A: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Abu DhabiCentro Capital Centre, Building 11,14th floorAl Khaleej Al Arabi Street (ADNEC area)T: (+971) 2 695 8000E: [email protected]: uae.nlembassy.org

A: Holland+YouCentro Capital Centre, Building 11, 14th floorAl Khaleej Al Arabi Street (ADNEC area) Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates E: [email protected]:www.hollandplusyou.com

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

A: Consulate General of the Kingdomof the Netherlands in DubaiAl Habtoor Business Tower, 31st floorDubai MarinaT: (+971) 4 4407600E: [email protected]: uae.nlembassy.org

A: NFIA DubaiConsulate General of the Kingdomof the Netherlands in DubaiAl Habtoor Business Tower, 31st floorDubai MarinaT: (+971) 4 4407600E: [email protected]: www.nfia-gulfregion.com

Saudi Arabia (KSA)

A: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in RiyadhAbdullah Hizaf Asehmi Street(Diplomatic Quarter)11693 RiyadhT: (+966) 11 4880011E: [email protected]: saudiarabia.nlembassy.org

Kuwait

A: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in KuwaitBlock 6, Street 11, House 7,JabriyaT: (+965) 2531 2650E: [email protected]: kuwait.nlembassy.org

Oman

A: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in MuscatWay 3017, Villa 1366. Shatti Al QurumT: (+968) 24603706 / 719E: [email protected]: oman.nlembassy.org

Qatar

A: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in DohaAl Mirqab Tower, 6th floor Al Dafna T: (+974) 4495 4700E: [email protected]: qatar.nlembassy.org

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