Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Buildings sector: Energy Productivity in the GCCKankana Dubey
KAPSARC
7th International Forum on energy for Sustainable Development in Baku, 18 October 2016
2
Are GCC countries getting the most value out of their energy consumption?
0
50
100
150
200
250
3001
98
0
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
Tota
l Fin
al E
ner
gy C
on
sum
pti
on
(‘0
00
kto
e)
Buildings
Transport
Industry
Source: IEA and Enerdata (shading indicates individual countries within each sector)
3
Residential energy consumption in the GCC is rapidly increasing relative to other countries – is it getting full value from this?
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Res
iden
tial
ele
ctri
city
co
nsu
mp
tio
n p
er c
apit
a (k
Wh
per
per
son
)
1990 2000 2013 2014
Source: Enerdata
4
Buildings sector as a percentage of total electrical consumption in KSA
2014 Electrical Consumption by Sector
Residential GWh 135908, 49%
IndustrialGWh 51499, 19%
Commercial, GWh 42855, 16%
Governmental, GWh 30011, 11%
Agricultural, GWh 4577, 2%
Other, GWh 9653, 3%
Source: SEC, 2015
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
30,000.00
35,000.00
40,000.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average Tem
peratu
re, oC
El
ectr
icit
y C
on
sum
pti
on
, GW
h
Total KSA Electricity Use Average Temperature
Air conditioning drives seasonal change in electricity consumption
Source: SEC, 2015
6
Improving energy efficiency of air conditioning and building envelope are most effective measures for residential buildings
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
High Efficiency AC Wall Insulation Roof Insulation High EfficiencyLighting
Low-E Glazing Low Air Leakge
Percent Savings in Annual Energy Use Savings, Riyadh, KSAPrototypical Villa
Percent Savings
Source: KAPSARC analysis
Key findings from our EE analysis are – by improving EE of the Air conditioning systems and building envelopes (insulations), can reduce total energy consumption in residential buildings significantly. For instance using high efficiency AC we can reduce total electricity use by 27% in residential buildings. This analysis is for an individual building level, each measure impacts total electricity consumption – interactive effect.
7
Building Sector Energy Productivity
Source: KAPSARC
8
A/C and heating
Lighting
New buildings
Building
Codes
Energy service
companies
Retrofits for existing buildings
Energy
Audits
Impact analysis
Building integrated renewable
energy
District cooling
KAPSARC Research: energy productivity in the buildings sector
Appliances
Building
energy
systems
Defining EP at the sector level
• International comparison of energy efficiency indicators
• Articulation of energy productivity indicators and comparison where possible
Benchmarking and analysis
• What policies have been implemented in GCC countries?
• Drawing on this and international experience, what more can be done?
Policy options
Policy areasKey questions for research
9
Thank you and further information
Project research publications
Contact:
Publications available at www.kapsarc.org
10
Annexure
11
Status of Building Energy Efficiency Regulations in GCC countries
Country Building EE Regulation Type of Compliance Mandatory/VoluntaryBahrain Thermal Insulation
Requirements (1999)Prescriptive Mandatory
Kuwait Energy Conservation Codeof Practice No. R-6 (2014)
Prescriptive Mandatory
Saudi Arabia Saudi Energy EfficiencyBuilding Code (2007)
Performance andPrescriptive
Mandatory
UAE (Dubai) Thermal Insulation requirements (2003)Green Building Regulations and Specifications (2011)
Prescriptive
Performance
Mandatory
Voluntary
Qatar Global Building AssessmentSystem (GSAS):All new Public Buildings(2012)All new CommercialBuildings (2016)All new ResidentialBuildings (2020)
Sustainable BuildingLabel System
Mandatory
Oman None NA NA
Source: RECREE, 2015
12
Lighting Energy Consumption: Phase out of Inefficient Lighting SystemsIn GCC countries, the share of lighting in the total electricity consumption is slightly less: UAE – 10.4%, Saudi Arabia – 16.6%, Kuwait– 17.7%, Oman – 14.2% and Qatar – 11.4%
Source: RECREE, 2015
Country Building EE Regulation Status of PolicyBahrain Minimum energy performance standards have been
developed for household light bulbs based on the EU Commission Regulation No 244/2009.
Adopted
Kuwait None NASaudi Arabia Regulations are being prepared by SEEP to focus
on the phase out of least efficient light sources in residential and
Commercial buildings.
Under Preparation
UAE (Dubai) The Emirates Authority for Standardization and Meteorology (ESMA) has banned the import and sales Of incandescent and low quality energy saving bulbs since January 1, 2015
Adopted
Qatar The Ministry of Environment has issued a regulation banning the import of incandescent light bulbs (Tungsten). First phase of the ban includes 100W and 75W incandescent bulbs. The implementation of the regulation shall be effective starting from 2014.
Adopted
Oman None NA
13
Status of Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for Air Conditioning and Appliances in GCC countries
Country Regulation Type Status of Policy
Bahrain Air Conditioners Under preparation
Kuwait Air Conditioning Systems Adopted since 1983 as partof the Energy ConservationCode of Practice forBuildings
Saudi Arabia Air Conditioning Systems Adopted since 1983
UAE (Dubai) Air Conditioning Systems, Refrigerators, and Washing machines
Adopted since 2013
Qatar Air Conditioning Systems Adopted since 1983
Oman Not Available NA
Renewable energy systems: Only UAE require installation of Solar Water heaters in all new villas and labor accommodations to provide 75% ofdomestic hot water requirements. Moreover, the building regulation of Dubai further promotes renewable energy applications by requiring sourcingany additional lighting load that exceeds the specified light power density through renewable sources, such as photovoltaic systems.
Air Conditioning Systems: Air conditioning makes up to 70% of the GCC’s annual peak electricity consumption, with cooling demand expected totriple by 2030 (Strategy&, 2012). Cooling makes up over 70% of electricity consumption in the residential sector in Saudi Arabia, and about 40% of thetotal annual electricity consumption in the kingdom (ElKhoury, 2012). Air conditioning accounts for up to 60% of the peak load consumption in the UAE(Al Ramahi, 2014), and, in Qatar, it accounts for up to 70% during the summer and 50% annually (Darwish, 2013).
In three GCC countries, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE, the adoption of MEPS is a recent development; most standards were adopted in 2013-2014 andenforcement is still to be seen. In Kuwait, standards for air-conditioners were adopted in 1983 and require revision.
Source: RECREE, 2015
14
Large scale retrofits in KSA can reduce building energy consumption by over 50%
Level 1 – implementing low cost energy efficiency measures, installation of thermostat, Use of CFL or LED lighting and reduce air leakages.Level 2 – Level 1 + use of energy efficient cooling systems and appliances.Level 3 – Level 1 and 2 +deep retrofit programs, such as window replacement, cooling system replacement, installation of daylighting control systemsDeep – Optimized set of energy efficiency determined based on life-cycle cost analysis
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Level-1 Retrofit Level-2 Retrofit Level-3 Retrofit Deep Retrofit
Percent Energy Savings
Source: KAPSARC analysis
15
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2015 2030
BAU
BAU
Apply current Building Code to New Buildings
Apply current building code to existing building stock
GW
Large scale building retrofit programs can potentially lead to 30% in total KSA electrical peak demand savings
Source: KAPSARC analysis
16
Large scale building retrofit programs can lead to 27% in total KSA electricity consumption savings
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2015 2030
BAU
BAU
Apply current building code to existing building stock
Apply current Building Code to New Buildings
TWh
/ y
ear
Source: KAPSARC analysis
17
Energy productivity
Energy efficiency
Focus on savings
Operational
Optimizing energy
Predominantly micro-economic
Non-energy benefits relevant but not typically main driver
Optimizing growth Focus on value
Strategic
Non-energy benefits a main driver
Predominantly macro-economicstructural change
Energy productivity: beyond energy efficiency
Further research: moving from energy efficiency to energy productivity policy
