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Renaissance--Some basicsRenaissance--Some basicsMeans “rebirth” (of Greek ideas, Means “rebirth” (of Greek ideas,
culture, etc.)culture, etc.)Where? Italy: city-statesWhere? Italy: city-statesWhen? 1330-1530When? 1330-1530Characteristics?Characteristics?
SecularSecularHumanismHumanismClassical ideasClassical ideasClassical Architecture & ArtsClassical Architecture & ArtsBeauty of nature valuedBeauty of nature valuedDignity and potential of man valuedDignity and potential of man valuedIdea of individualIdea of individual
OriginsOrigins Begins in the Italian City -StatesBegins in the Italian City -States
Italy’s geographic location (Point of exchange Italy’s geographic location (Point of exchange East/West)East/West)
Thriving Economy (Wealthy Merchant Families)Thriving Economy (Wealthy Merchant Families) Banking and finance come to the fore in Italy (Usury)Banking and finance come to the fore in Italy (Usury) Capitalism usurping FeudalismCapitalism usurping Feudalism Rich families benefited from recession in EuropeRich families benefited from recession in Europe Printing Press widely used in Italy for secular worksPrinting Press widely used in Italy for secular works Hegemony of the Papacy waningHegemony of the Papacy waning Northern Europe consolidating under strong Northern Europe consolidating under strong
MonarchiesMonarchies Major StatesMajor States
Milan, Venice, Florence, Genoa, Naples, Papal States Milan, Venice, Florence, Genoa, Naples, Papal States (Think North as opposed to South)(Think North as opposed to South)
City is the center with control of surrounding landsCity is the center with control of surrounding lands Oligarchies, despots & republicsOligarchies, despots & republics
Question TimeQuestion Time
What might cause the end What might cause the end of the Renaissance in of the Renaissance in Italy?Italy?
Class Divisions in Northern City-Class Divisions in Northern City-StatesStates
ClassesClasses Grandi (Nobles & Old Wealth)Grandi (Nobles & Old Wealth) Popolo Grasso (New Wealth)Popolo Grasso (New Wealth) Medocri (Mid-Burgher level)Medocri (Mid-Burgher level) Popolo MinutoPopolo Minuto
Who ruled?Who ruled? Rich merchant familiesRich merchant families
Signori (Merchant family)Signori (Merchant family) Podesta (Republic)Podesta (Republic) Condottieri (Mercenaries)Condottieri (Mercenaries)
Names to know:Names to know: Medici, Borgia, SforzaMedici, Borgia, Sforza
New AttributesNew Attributes IndividualismIndividualism
Portraiture & biographyPortraiture & biographySecularismSecularism
Literacy, wealth, knowledgeLiteracy, wealth, knowledgeFrom Scholasticism to HumanismFrom Scholasticism to Humanism
Begins with notariesBegins with notariesWhat makes a “good” citizen? What makes a What makes a “good” citizen? What makes a
“good” life?“good” life?PetrarchPetrarch as first major thinker looking as first major thinker looking
closely again at the classicsclosely again at the classicsHumanism= rhetoric, Latin, history, Humanism= rhetoric, Latin, history,
grammar, poetry and moral philosophygrammar, poetry and moral philosophyHumanism is not a new philosophy replacing Humanism is not a new philosophy replacing
ChristianityChristianity
Question TimeQuestion Time
What might be some What might be some problems faced by those problems faced by those involved with Humanism?involved with Humanism?
New VirtuesNew VirtuesCastiglioneCastiglione, in , in The CourtierThe Courtier, best , best
describes the new virtues of the describes the new virtues of the “universal man”“universal man”
Men: Well educated, charming polite, Men: Well educated, charming polite, witty, dance, write poetry, sing & play witty, dance, write poetry, sing & play music, physically strong and graceful, a music, physically strong and graceful, a skilled rider, wrestler & swordsmanskilled rider, wrestler & swordsman
Women: Know the classics, write well, Women: Know the classics, write well, paint, make music, dance and be paint, make music, dance and be charming (not expected to seek fame as charming (not expected to seek fame as men did)men did)
New PoliticsNew PoliticsMachiavelliMachiavelli as originator of new (real) as originator of new (real)
diplomacy & rulingdiplomacy & rulingMachiavelli the Florentine, diplomat Machiavelli the Florentine, diplomat
and advisor until removed from office.and advisor until removed from office.Advice: Better to be feared than loved Advice: Better to be feared than loved
(but never hated). A good prince is (but never hated). A good prince is crafty & shrewd....in politics the ends crafty & shrewd....in politics the ends justify the meansjustify the means
A despot is a transition not the ultimateA despot is a transition not the ultimate
Question TimeQuestion Time
How did Machiavelli’s How did Machiavelli’s political theory reflect the political theory reflect the times in Italy?times in Italy?
New ArtNew Art Increase in QuantityIncrease in QuantityTechnical proficiency (perspective, Technical proficiency (perspective,
chiaroscuro)chiaroscuro)Change in subject matterChange in subject matterReligious monopoly brokenReligious monopoly brokenHierarchy of arts change (to stand Hierarchy of arts change (to stand
alone)alone)Artist is knownArtist is knownDa Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Donatello,
Raphael, TitianRaphael, Titian
Masaccio, Masaccio, ExpulsionExpulsion– – 14261426
Botticelli, Birth of Botticelli, Birth of Venus– Venus– 14851485
RaphaelRaphael, Pope Leo X, 1518 &, Pope Leo X, 1518 &The Prophet Isaiah, 1511The Prophet Isaiah, 1511
Question TimeQuestion Time
Was the Renaissance truly Was the Renaissance truly an era of rebirth?an era of rebirth?
DownfallDownfall
As Italian states stop backing each As Italian states stop backing each other up when encountering foreign other up when encountering foreign invaders and continually attack each invaders and continually attack each other, Spain and France lead armies other, Spain and France lead armies in to reoccupy or take overin to reoccupy or take over
By this time, the Renaissance has By this time, the Renaissance has spread outside of Italy to areas like spread outside of Italy to areas like Holland with Erasmus and England Holland with Erasmus and England with Thomas Morewith Thomas More
Other things going on....Other things going on....Scientific inquiry and medical Scientific inquiry and medical
discoveriesdiscoveriesGuttenberg’s Printing PressGuttenberg’s Printing PressExplorationExploration