A rebirth of Classical learning, especially the study of Latin
and Greek. RENAISSANCE DEFINITION
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People were unhappy with the status quo Black Plague WHY?
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Focus on the single person Individual needs come first Middle
Ages philosophy Human-based morality (the qualities humans should
value) Focus on the secular Society as a whole Renaissance
philosophy IndividualismHumanism SHIFT OF FOCUS
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Florence (Lorenzo de Medici)Mantua (Isabella dEste) THE
BEGINNINGS
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LITERATURE
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Outward beauty is a true sign of inner goodness. This
loveliness, indeed, is impressed upon the body in varying degrees
as a token by which the soul can be recognized for what it is, just
as with trees the beauty of the blossom testifies to the goodness
of the fruit. Men demonstrate their courage far more often in
little things than in great. THE BOOK OF THE COURTIER
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Perspective (Appearance of Depth) More life-like ART
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GATES OF PARADISE BY GHIBERTI
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HIGH RENAISSANCE
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Supported the Renaissance. Why? Wealthy and could provide
patronage Benefitted from the increased scholarship Brought some
back to the faith CHURCH
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Fed off the ideas of the Italian Renaissance Came later
RENAISSANCE IN THE NORTH
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LITERATURE
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For each pair of pictures, write down the following: What is it
(painting, sculpture, building)? What is the subject of the work?
Which is the medieval work and which is the renaissance work? How
can you tell? RENAISSANCE ART INSTRUCTIONS
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PRINTING PRESS
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Revolutionized how quickly ideas could spread Printed material
became easily accessible Encouraged literacy (esp. of vernacular)
CHANGES
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REFORMATION CLASS STRUGGLE Common people: Rebellion against the
whole social order Middle Class: Wanted to control and manage their
own religious affairs Upper Class: Power struggle with the
church
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DESIDERIUS ERASMUS Dutch Priest In Praise of Folly Doctrine vs.
Practice
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WHY WERE PEOPLE MAD?
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Simony Indulgences Corrupt church officials WHY WERE PEOPLE
MAD?
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MARTIN LUTHER
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A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS
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German monk Appalled by church practices, especially
indulgences MARTIN LUTHER
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6. The pope himself cannot remit guilt, but only declare and
confirm that it has been remitted by God; or, at most, he can remit
it in cases reserved to his discretion. Except for these cases, the
guilt remains untouched. 8. The penitential canons apply only to
men who are still alive, and, according to the canons themselves,
none applies to the dead. 27. There is no divine authority for
preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the
money clinks in the bottom of the chest. 95 THESES
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43. Christians should be taught that one who gives to the poor,
or lends to the needy, does a better action than if he purchases
indulgences. 50. Christians should be taught that, if the pope knew
the exactions of the indulgence-preachers, he would rather the
church of St. Peter were reduced to ashes than be built with the
skin, flesh, and bones of the sheep. 76. We assert the contrary,
and say that the pope's pardons are not able to remove the least
venial of sins as far as their guilt is concerned. 95 THESES
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Excommunicated by Pope Leo X Outlawed from the Holy Roman
Empire by Charles V Shielded by Frederick the Wise RESULTS
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More German princes defected Charles V sent troops against
those in rebellion 1555- Peace of Augsburg German princes had the
right to choose religion for their region RELIGIOUS WAR
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MAIN DIFFERENCES Papal Authority vs. Bible Clergy could or
couldnt marry Ministers vs. Priests Transubstantiation (Miracle of
the Mass) Latin vs. vernacular Saints and the Virgin Mary Number of
sacraments (saving graces) Justification by Faith
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HENRY VIII
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English wanted a peace treaty with Spain Catherine of Aragon
was sent to marry the prince BEGINNING OF PROBLEMS
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Wanted an heir Had a daughter, Mary, with Catherine of Aragon,
but no surviving son Anne Boleyn Plea to Rome HENRY VIII
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Cardinal Thomas Wolsey Had I served my God with half the zeal I
served my King, He would not in mine age left me naked to mine
enemies. Thomas More the Kings good servant, but Gods first. Thomas
Cranmer Act of Succession Supremacy Act THREE THOMASES
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Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard Catherine Parr WIVES OF HENRY VIII
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REFORMERS
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Desiderius Erasmus The Praise of Folly John Calvin The
Institutes of Christian Religion Huguenots William Tyndale Huldrych
Zwingli Anabaptists REFORMERS
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Huguenots 1534- Affair of Placards 1559- Mary Queen of Scots
persecuted reformers 1562-1598- Religious Wars in France St.
Bartholomews Day Massacre 1598- Edict of Nantes CONFLICTS IN
FRANCE
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COUNTER- REFORMATION
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Council of Trent Ignatius de Loyola Jesuits ATTEMPTS TO
CHANGE
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LEGACIES
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More Religions Less Tolerance Better Education More individual
role in salvation Increased instances of witchcraft LEGACIES
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Slide 43
Roger Bacon Mathematics Experimentation Scientific Method
BEGINNINGS
Commercial Revolution Coins with fixed values Standards of
weight and measurement Central banking Join-stock companies
Colonies Mercantilism- government needs to increase a countrys
wealth (gold and silver) ECONOMICS
