The Renaissance & The Renaissance & ExplorationExploration

The color of the day is:The color of the day is:

YellowYellow

Origin of ExplorationOrigin of Exploration

By the 1400’s the new By the 1400’s the new monarchs of France, monarchs of France, Spain, England, and Portugal were seeking Spain, England, and Portugal were seeking new trade routes to Asianew trade routes to Asia. They envied the . They envied the riches of the Italian cities but could not break riches of the Italian cities but could not break the monopoly of the Mediterranean trade the monopoly of the Mediterranean trade with Asia.with Asia.

Although they did not know much about the Although they did not know much about the geography of India, China and SE Asia they geography of India, China and SE Asia they looked for new direct sea routes to them.looked for new direct sea routes to them.

Sea TravelSea Travel

New Ideas helped promote sea travelNew Ideas helped promote sea travel

– CARAVELCARAVEL- newly designed - newly designed ships capable ofships capable of sea travelsea travel..

– New inventions of the compass from IndiaNew inventions of the compass from India– Newly created maps by through the use study Newly created maps by through the use study

of Greek writingsof Greek writings– Spirit of the Renaissance allowed for more risks Spirit of the Renaissance allowed for more risks

to be taken by individuals.to be taken by individuals.

Portugal ExplorersPortugal Explorers

Portugal's Portugal's Prince Prince Henry the NavigatorHenry the Navigator took the lead in took the lead in European sea European sea exploration beginning exploration beginning in the 1400’s. in the 1400’s. Began a Began a school for sailing.school for sailing. His His explorers navigated explorers navigated down the west coast of down the west coast of Africa.Africa.

Portugal ExplorersPortugal Explorers

Bartholomeu Bartholomeu Dias &Dias & Vasco Vasco De Gama-De Gama-Charted the way Charted the way around Africa to Indiaaround Africa to India

PortugalPortugal Portugal quickly Portugal quickly

claimed the lands for claimed the lands for their own in Africa and their own in Africa and Brazil in South Brazil in South America.America.

In large part because In large part because of Prince Henry the of Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal led Navigator Portugal led the way in Exploration.the way in Exploration.

SpainSpain SpainSpain entered the entered the

quest for trade. quest for trade. Isabella and FerdinandIsabella and Ferdinand were convinced by an were convinced by an Italian sailor that he Italian sailor that he could Asia by sailing could Asia by sailing west from Spain. west from Spain.

They funded first They funded first expeditions to expeditions to “America”“America”

ColumbusColumbus

In In 1492 Christopher 1492 Christopher Columbus become the Columbus become the 11stst European to land in European to land in the Bahamas or the Bahamas or North North AmericaAmerica. Believing he . Believing he had reached the India, had reached the India, he called the people of he called the people of the land “Indians”the land “Indians”

ExplorationExploration

He sailed on the three He sailed on the three famous ships:famous ships:– Nina Nina

– PintaPinta

– Santa MariaSanta Maria

ExplorationExploration

Spanish ExplorersSpanish Explorers

1513 1513 SpaniardSpaniard Vasco Vasco Nunez de Balboa Nunez de Balboa reached the Pacific reached the Pacific OceanOcean crossing central crossing central America to get there.America to get there.

Spanish ExplorersSpanish Explorers 1519 –1522 – Spanish1519 –1522 – Spanish

ships under the ships under the command of command of Ferdinand Ferdinand Magellan sailedMagellan sailed around South America around South America and across the pacific and across the pacific to the Philippines to to the Philippines to complete complete the first trip the first trip around the world.around the world.

Magellan was killed in Magellan was killed in the Philippines.the Philippines.

                                                                        

ExplorationExploration

French ExplorersFrench Explorers

French Explorers French Explorers sailedsailed up and down the up and down the Saint Lawrence River Saint Lawrence River and and the eastern coast the eastern coast of North Americaof North America. 1608. 1608 French sailor SamuelFrench sailor Samuel de Champlainde Champlain establishedestablished a colony in a colony in Quebec in CanadaQuebec in Canada. Eh. Eh

French ExplorersFrench Explorers

French sailor La SalleFrench sailor La Salle navigated down the navigated down the Mississippi River to Mississippi River to

establish New Orleans establish New Orleans in 1718.in 1718.

ColonizationColonization EnglandEngland- In - In 1607 1607

establishedestablished the first the first permanentpermanent settlement settlement for England in the “new for England in the “new world”. It was world”. It was Jamestown in modern Jamestown in modern day Virginia. day Virginia.

Later founded 13 otherLater founded 13 other coloniescolonies which will which will become the first states become the first states of the United State.of the United State.

Other ExplorersOther Explorers

Other explorers claimed land for their countries:Other explorers claimed land for their countries: De Soto- Claimed areas in Florida and CubaDe Soto- Claimed areas in Florida and Cuba Cortez- Conquered Aztecs in Mexico for SpainCortez- Conquered Aztecs in Mexico for Spain Pizarro- Conquered Incas in Mexico for SpainPizarro- Conquered Incas in Mexico for Spain Amerigo VespuchiAmerigo Vespuchi- Our - Our country named aftercountry named after this this

famous explorer.famous explorer. Henry Hudson- claimed areas in Canada and N. Henry Hudson- claimed areas in Canada and N.

AmericaAmerica

What were the effects of all of What were the effects of all of this exploration?this exploration?

Led to the Led to the establishment of establishment of new and powerful societies.new and powerful societies.

Exchange of new items that Exchange of new items that greatly influenced the lives of greatly influenced the lives of people throughout the world.people throughout the world.

Wealth from the Americas Wealth from the Americas resulted in new business and resulted in new business and trade practices in Europe.trade practices in Europe.

Europe:Europe:– Brought Gold, silver, sugar, Brought Gold, silver, sugar,

potatoes, corn.potatoes, corn. Americas: Americas:

– Cattle, horses, wheat, and Cattle, horses, wheat, and sugarcane.sugarcane.

The GoodThe Good

The BadThe Bad Diseases such as Diseases such as

smallpox , killed smallpox , killed millions of Native millions of Native Americans.Americans.

Slavery was Slavery was expanded into the expanded into the Americas.Americas. (The stable (The stable life based on tradition life based on tradition and family in Africa will and family in Africa will be gone)be gone)

Atlantic Slave TradeAtlantic Slave Trade Around 1500, Around 1500, European colonists in the European colonists in the

Americas needed cheap labor and began using Americas needed cheap labor and began using enslaved Africans on plantations and farms.enslaved Africans on plantations and farms.

Slavery had existed in Africa for centuries but it Slavery had existed in Africa for centuries but it was a relatively minor institution.was a relatively minor institution.– It wouldn’t be until the colonization of the Americas when It wouldn’t be until the colonization of the Americas when

that would change.that would change. Europeans saw advantages in using Africans in Europeans saw advantages in using Africans in

the Americas.the Americas.– Many had been exposed to European diseasesMany had been exposed to European diseases– Many had experiences in farming and could be Many had experiences in farming and could be

taught plantation work.taught plantation work.– Less likely to escape b/c they didn’t know the new land.Less likely to escape b/c they didn’t know the new land.

Atlantic Slave Trade Atlantic Slave Trade - the buying and selling of - the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas.Africans for work in the Americas.– 1500-1600 nearly 300,000 Africans were transported 1500-1600 nearly 300,000 Africans were transported

to the Americas.to the Americas.– Next century – it climbed to almost 1.3 millionNext century – it climbed to almost 1.3 million– By the time it ended (1870) Europeans had imported By the time it ended (1870) Europeans had imported

about 9.5 million Africans to the Americas. about 9.5 million Africans to the Americas. Many Many African rulers played aAfrican rulers played a willing willing role in the role in the

Atlantic Slave Trade.Atlantic Slave Trade.– They They captured Africans to be enslavedcaptured Africans to be enslaved then then

delivered them to the Europeansdelivered them to the Europeans in exchange for in exchange for gold, guns and other goods.gold, guns and other goods.

Africans transported to the Americas were part of Africans transported to the Americas were part of a a transatlantic trading network transatlantic trading network known as the known as the Triangular Trade.Triangular Trade.– Slaves and other goods were carried between Slaves and other goods were carried between

Africa, Europe and the colonies in the Americas.Africa, Europe and the colonies in the Americas. Upon arriving in the Americas, captured Africans Upon arriving in the Americas, captured Africans

were auctioned off to the highest bidder.were auctioned off to the highest bidder. Consequences:Consequences:

– Numerous African cultures lost generations of their Numerous African cultures lost generations of their fittest membersfittest members

– Countless Countless familiesfamilies were were torn aparttorn apart

Europe RulesEurope Rules The Age of Exploration marks the beginning of The Age of Exploration marks the beginning of

a period when Europe dominated much of the a period when Europe dominated much of the world.world. That period lasted more than 400 years, That period lasted more than 400 years, from the 1500’s to the 1900’s. from the 1500’s to the 1900’s.

The people of EuropeThe people of Europe had had gained political gained political mastery over two huge continents, North & mastery over two huge continents, North & South America.South America.

Europe was also the undisputed masters of the Europe was also the undisputed masters of the ocean!!!ocean!!!