The REDD Mechanism: Possibilities, Concerns and

CritiqueGroup 2

Amaranta, Camille, Daniel, Emilia, Hector,

Minna, Morgane and Sarri

1. Introduction: What is REDD and how could it work?2. Biodiversity and value of forests3. Forest dependent people4. Benefit distribution and tenure5. Participation in governance and decision making6. Conclusions and discussion

Plan of the presentation

What is REDD?

REDD = Reduction of green house gas (GHG) Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation of forests in developing countries.

REDD is a climate change mitigation mechanism that includes forest carbon in the carbon market.

Developed countries provide funds to developing countries for reducing emissions from deforestation or forest degradation.

--> Forests are made more valuable standing than cut down.

CO2

The scope of REDD?

Terrestrial carbon, carbon bio-sequestration, "carbon sinks"

RED Reduction of DeforestationREDD Reduction of Deforestation and Degradation of

forestREDD+ REDD + biodiversity valueLULUCF Land Use, Land Use change and ForestryAFOLU Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use

The definition of words are important in REDD:What is a forest? Deforestation? Degradation of a forest?

Afforestation? Reforestation?

Biodiversity value of forests- - Credits from REDD should take into considerationbiodiversity, which is actually the most important REDD+ will

BETTER TO CONSERVE FORESTS AS THEY ARE-Biodiversity necessary to maintain ecosystem services;

genetic reservoir (could be needed in the future).

- e.g : Tropical rain forests more biologically diverse than anyother biome (80% of the earth's terrestrial biodiversity in thetropics). Two-thirds of the 250,000 species of flowering plantsoccur in the tropics.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES- Forests : important providers of ecosystem services.

- 4 categories: provisioning, regulating, supporting, cultural

DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEMSDeforestation

Forest-dependent People

• Three types of directly dependent people

• Two opposed approaches to REDD+

• Environmental JusticeA matter of capabilities not

commodities.

• Examples :Madre de Dios

Benefit distributionNo benefits without costs!

Net benefits = benefits - costs

How are benefits defined?

Who should get the benefits and why?Examples of criteria:

•Dependency•Labour•Carbon rights and tenure

Tenure and REDD=the systems of rights, rules, institutions and processes

regulating recourse access and use.

Key to shaping the distribution of risks, costs and benefits.There is great diversity in tenure contexts across countries with

rainforests. Official tenure vs. traditional tenureBoth, tenure and benefit distribution, rely and are conditioned

by governance.

MisunderstandingsLack of support

Stalled Action

Lack of understandingboth directions

Poor acess to decisionmaking process

Contact, but no consent

Lack of participationof local stakeholders

Multistakeholder process

Multilevelgovernance

Pro-poor interventionsPro-poor interventions

Cross-sectoral coordination

Long term success

TOP DOWN–processNot all participants are necessarily included in the decision making.

Participation in governance and decision making process

Conclusions

-The entire system depends on carbon price volatility- REDD+ is a market mechanism embedded in neoliberal frame

-Final questions

Thank you for your attention!

Sources I-http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/13554IIED.pdf

-REDD-net: Participation and benefit sharing in national REDD+ schemes: early observationsfrom five countries.<http://redd-net.org/resource-library/participation-and-benefit-sharing-in-national-redd-schemes-early-observations-from-five-countr>2012

-IUCN: Building effective pro-poor REDD-plus interventions: How enhanced multi-stakeholderprocesses can ensure REDD-plus works for vulnerablecommunities.<http://www.cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/building_effective_pro_poor_redd_pluss_internet_1.pdf

-Anderson, P. 2011. Free, Prior, and Informed Consent: Principles and Approaches for Policy and Project Development. Published by The Center for People and Forests (RECOFTC) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).

Cotula, L. & Mayers J. 2009. Tenure in REDD: Start-point or afterthought? IIED. ISBN 978-1-84369-736-7. 67 pages.

Sources IIKanninen, M. et al. 2007. Do trees grow on money? The implications of deforestation research for policies to promote REDD. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Bogor, Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-1412-42-1

Mohammed, E. Y. 2011. Pro-poor benefit distribution in REDD+:who gets what and why does it matter? REDD working paper. IIED, London. Montreal and Eschborn. 2011. Biodiversity and Livelihoods, REDD-Plus benefits. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 92-9225-337-9

Sagoff, M (1988). The allocation and Distribution of resources. The Economy of the Earth. Cited from: Dryzek, JS. Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the earth: The environmental Politics Reader. Oxford University Press 2nd Ed. New York (pp 147-162)

Wissenburg, M. Barry, J (Eds) (2001). Sustainability and the limits of Liberalism. Sustainable Liberal Decmocracy. Cited from: Dryzek, JS. Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the earth: The environmental Politics Reader. Oxford University Press 2nd Ed. New York (pp 180-190).

-Imageshttp://www.scienceimage.csiro.auhttp://www.fao.org/forestry/5825-06dfa9a102ff00a2dd6a88cc0e626e752.jpgMadagascar pictures (E.Runeberg, A.Fontcuberta).

Discussion3 groups: What solutions could be found to…

•Further include biodiversity value in the REDD mechanism

•Include relevant stakeholders in all process levels

•Distribute the benefits equitably