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Origins of Reform
Industrialization Problems Urbanization Problems Corruption among Government Officials Abuses of Big Businesses
Who are the Progressives?
Emerging Middle Class Believed in the idea of Progress—growth and
advancement of the U.S. Wanted Reforms that included:
Better working conditions Better Pay Less Corruption More government involvement to end abuses
Problems that were Tackled
Political Reform Party bosses Political machines
Women’s Suffrage Living Conditions Working Conditions Breaking Up Big Trusts
Societal Reforms
Social Gospel Settlement Houses
Jane Adams—Hull House Child Labor
Florence Kelley 1938
Education
Protection for Industrial Workers
Poor ventilation, hazardous fumes, and unsafe machinery
30,000 lives lost a year Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Laws were later passed
Shorter hours Worker’s compensation laws
Reforming the Government
City managers curbed the power of party bosses
Government purchase of utilities Election Rules
Direct primary—citizens elect the nominees Referendum—public votes on a law Recall—public can reject laws 17th Amendment—direct election of senators
Progressive Governors
Robert La Follette (Battling Bob) Wisconsin was called “laboratory for democracy” Improved education Lowered fees for railroads Made factories safer
Section 2: Women Make Progress
Goals: Limit number of hours worked Fair prices for goods Temperance Movement Education Voting Rights
Limiting Hours for Women
Muller vs. Oregon—ruled that long hours for women hurt the family
This later hurt women because it became a justification for paying women less
Safety of Goods
Florence Kelly—found the NCL (National Consumer’s League) which demanded labels to ensure quality and safety of products
Family Life WCTU—Women’s
Christian Temperance Movement—wanted to outlaw alcohol 18th Amendment
Margaret Sanger—opened birth control clinics
Ida Wells—African American who wanted to help educate young black women
Right to Vote
Suffrage—right to vote 1860s—Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton Failed at the federal level However, got 4 states to allow women to vote
New Suffragists
1890—Carrie Chapman Catt-started the NAWSA (National American Women’s Association) Lobbied Congress for a constitutional amendment
Alice Paul—radical that used marches, protests, and hunger strikes
19th Amendment: 1920—gave women the right to vote
Section 3: The Struggle Against Discrimination
Progressive era left out African Americans African American’s demand Reform
Booker T. Washington WEB DuBois
Niagara Movement NAACP
Reducing Prejudice
Anti-Defamation League—to defend Jews against verbal and physical attacks
Mutualists—groups that gave loans to Mexican Americans
Society of American Indians—preservation of culture and resistance to federal Native American policies
Section 4: Roosevelt
Death of McKinley Characteristics of Roosevelt Trustbusting Conservation Taft Election of 1912
Death of McKinley
In the 1900 election, McKinley won again.
Assassinated early in his presidency at the Pan-American Conference
Leon Czolgosz—anarchist who murdered McKinley
TR becomes President
Characteristics of Roosevelt
Dynamic personality; lots of energy
Well-to-do family Poor health Became blind in one eye
from boxing Became champion of the
everyday man despite his wealth
Square Deal Known as the “trustbuster”
Trustbuster
Coal Mine Strike ICC Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Northern Securities Company (most famous case) Broke up four railroads
Difference Between a good trust and a bad trust
Food and Drug Industries
The Jungle Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act Banned spoiled food
from crossing state lines Banned mislabeling of
food and drugs FDA still enforces laws
Conservation
Preservation of National Forests Gifford Pinchot National parks
Newlands Reclamation Act—built and managed dams
Howard Taft
Promised to keep up with the Progressive Movement
Disappointed reformers Payne Aldrich Tariff Mann-Elkins Act Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Election of 1912
TR runs again under a new party called “Progressive Party”
Republicans Chose Taft again Democrats chose Wilson Wilson wins because the Republican vote
was split.
Section 5: Wilson’s New Freedom
New Freedom—Wilson’s program that incorporated many progressive ideas.
Underwood Simmons Bill—gives the progressives a real tariff reform.
16th Amendment—graduated income tax
Economy
Run on banks Federal Reserve Act Federal Trade Commission Clayton Anti-trust Act—actually spelled out
what companies could not do.