THE PROBLEM - egr.msu.edu · The TLUD n\൯t only was easier to maintain with its fuel dilvery...
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THE PROBLEM - egr.msu.edu · The TLUD n\൯t only was easier to maintain with its fuel dilvery method of dropping in new shims periodically, it lasted roughly 3 minuets l對onger
4 Million deaths per year from indoor air pollution (2013)
Number One cause of death among infants/children
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Presentation Notes
As you could tell from Monica’s story, there is an enormous issue in developing countries regarding indoor air pollution. A task as routine as preparing food is the NUMBER ONE cause of deaths among infants and children. If there are any mothers and fathers in the audience: Imagine your child coming home from gradeschool, and throwing some mac’n’chesse in the microwave. Imagine, if this was daily routine of searching for a snack, was the NUMBER ONE killer of children. Its hard to imagine, but its happening all over the world. 4 MILLION people die, each year, from this indoor air pollution. 3 BILLION, yes that’s with a B; 3 BiLLION people still use inefficient stoves to cook which pollute their homes.. their lungs.. And their children’s lungs. You may have noticed the annoying coughing sound which has been occurring at an 8 second interval. Does anyone have an idea as to what this could represent? A death, every 8 seconds, from indoor air pollution. Since we walked into this classroom, more than 20 people, have died. Are we doing anything about it? We sure are, let us enlighten you on this problem, and our solution.
CLEAN COOKSTOVE
ROBERT BOOMER DAN HOWARTH
CARLY PATTERSON ANDREW PUTZ
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Presentation Notes
Thus, we elected to develop a clean cookstove. Clean Cookstoves can dramatically reduce fuel consumption and exposure to smoke.
COLLABORATORS
LANE KAUFMANN – CERAMICIST DR. BRIAN S. THOMPSON – FACULTY ADVISOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY COLLABORATIVE – DESIGN CONSULTANTS JOHN BARRIE LORI HART TOM STANTON
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Presentation Notes
Dan Our efforts would be nothing with out the help of a handful of humanitarians. Lane Kaufmann bailed our team out in the final month of the project by stepping up to construct our combustion chamber from clay. There will be footage later in the presentation showing some of the great work that he did. Dr. Brian S Thompson was there to criticize and advise us on a weekly basis if not daily basis. It is safe to say we were the cause of many of his sleepless nights this semester. The Appropriate Technology Collaborative, or ATC as we prefer to call them, consists of John Barrie, Lori Hart, and Tom Stanton were of great help during our design stage. ATC is a non-governmental organization which creates new sustainable technologies and solutions which promote economic growth and improve the quality of life for low income people worldwide.
GUATEMALA Population using wood for cooking: 61.3%
Income per day (USD): $7.84
Population using improved biomass cookstoves: 0.375%
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Presentation Notes
Carly – Because of ATC’s connection, and the number of change agents we would have access too, we chose to narrow our market to the impoverished families of Guatemala. Nearly 62% of the population uses wood as fuel for cooking, with less than half a percent of the population using improved clean cookstoves. TALK ABOUT 3 STONE FIRE
DESIGN SPECS DESIGN SPECIFICATION WEIGHT
SIZE 6 WEIGHT 7
SPATIAL CONSTRAINTS 6
ENERGY CONSUMPTION 9
TRANSPORTATION AND PACKAGING 7
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 3 AESTHETICS 6
PRODUCT COST 7 OPERATING COST 6
SAFETY 6 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 2
HUMAN FACTORS 3 HEALTH ISSUES 10
QUALITY 5
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Presentation Notes
Carly
COMPONENTS
Fuel Sources
Heating Interface
Exhaust Systems
Combustion Chambers
Auxiliaries
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Carly Morphology design process.
FUEL SOURCES Biogas Biomass
• Crops • Landfill Gas • Alcohol Fuels Charcoal Pellet Briquettes Solar
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Carly Possibly demonstrate carrying wood
HEATING INTERFACE
Plancha/Griddle Pot skirts Grate Radiant Heat Forced Air
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Andy
Straight Flue Balanced Flue Valve System
EXHAUST SYSTEMS
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Andy - Instead of talking about the flue as an after thought in the last slides, talk about it here and how they could add it later on if they want, but it isn’t needed with our stove because the emissions are clean/improved.
Andy Talk about how a decision matrix works and how we used it to narrow down to TLUD and Rocket stove for testing. “Have to have many ideas...” quote
INITIAL PROTOTYPES
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Robert After narrowing it down to the TLUD and Rocket stove, two initial prototypes were developed. These are early design sketches made by Dan, the former art major has great talent. The material sourced were empty unused paint cans and coffee cans, the rocket stove also required rocks for insulation between the combustion chamber and the housing.
BOILING TEST
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50
100
150
200
250
0 5 10 15 20 25
Tem
pera
ture
(*F)
Time (minutes)
Boiling Test
Rocket
TLUD
Boiling (w/ Lid)
Stove Time minutes
Rocket 21
TLUD 12
Delta Time 9 % Difference 43%
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Presentation Notes
Robert- The boiling test is the 0-60 test for stoves, it is pinnacle of performance tests for how fast stoves. The test is simple, raise the temperature of water to boiling, at our elevation that is around 200 degrees F. For the TLUD Stove a solid 12 min time to boil was achieved by our initial prototypes while the Rocket stove was much worse with a 21 min time to boil. Having a well rounded stove means more than just quick boiling time, fuel consumption is a large issue as well being our second highest weighted design specification.
FUEL CONSUMPTION
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
ree
f)
Time (minutes)
Rocket vs. TLUD
Rocket
TLUD
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Presentation Notes
Robert The data for this graph was collected based off a series of time consuming fuel consumption tests. The main idea was to see how long each stove could last on a set amount of fuel, in this case standard wood shims were used as fuel. As indicated by the large varience in temperature of the rocket stove, maintaining a fire was difficult with the rocket stove. The TLUD not only was easier to maintain with its fuel dilvery method of dropping in new shims periodically, it lasted roughly 3 minuets longer with the given fuel, 20% increase over the rocket stove.
TLUD BREAKDOWN
Secondary Air Inlets
Primary Air Inlets
Combustion Chamber
External Housing
Burning Syngas
Colder Intake Air
Gasket
Wood gasifies due to heat and primary combustion
Volatile gasses (syngas) rise and mix with hot
secondary air
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Andy
TLUD BREAKDOWN ~500 to 600 °F for Wood Pyrolysis – Creates Charcoal ~600 °F and higher for Gasification – requires controlled oxygen intake
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Andy
TLUD BREAKDOWN
Reburn the Syngas : Hot air and Syngas Secondary burn effect Reduces toxic emissions
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Presentation Notes
Andy
COMBUSTION WITHIN A TLUD
Wood comprised of Cellulose Hemi-Cellulose Lignin Oxygen required for chemical reactions Energy or Heat!
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