The Pressure to Expand

Imperialism

Explain the meaning?

“The sun never sets on the British Empire”

Brain Scan

• This toy was originally a weapon. What is it?– Yo Yo

• In Singapore it is illegal to do this?– Chew gum

• Taphephobia is the fear of what?– Being buried alive

Imperialism

• The idea of stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations

• As European imperialism reached new heights in the late 1800’s, the U.S. began to join the search for power abroad

Why Imperialism Grew Across the World

1. Economic Factors-Manufacturing nations need more natural resources and markets

2. Nationalist Factors-Nationalism drives countries to compete for new colonies (U.S. wanted to preserve the idea of Manifest Destiny)

3. Military Factor-Growing navies need new naval bases worldwide (U.S. “Great White Fleet”)

4. Humanitarian/Religious Factor-Westerners believed in spreading western ideas and Christianity

U.S. takes Hawaii and Alaska1867

ALASKA•William Seward (Sec of State) arranges U.S. to buy Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million (2 cents an acre)

1875HAWAII

•A treaty allows Hawaiian sugar to be sold in the U.S. duty free

1887HAWAII

•American business leaders force the king to change Hawaii’s constitution, so that only wealthy land owners have voting rights•U.S. forces Hawaii to allow an American naval base at Pearl Harbor

1890HAWAII

•The McKinley Tariff eliminates the duty free status of Hawaiian sugar, forcing planters to ask U.S. to annex Hawaii

1891HAWAII

•Liliuokalani becomes Queen of Hawaii with agenda that stated “Hawaii for Hawaiians” (overthrown by planters=Standford Dole)

1897HAWAII

•McKinley becomes president and favors annexation

1898HAWAII

•Congress proclaims Hawaii an American territory

U.S. Imperialism

Spanish American War 1898

“A Splendid Little War”

Crazy Facts

• The electric chair was invented by a dentist.• Banging your head against a wall uses 150 calories

per hour. • Maine is the only state whose name is just one

syllable.• The citrus soda 7-UP was created in 1929; "7" was

selected because the original containers were 7 ounces. "UP" indicated the direction of the bubbles.

South America 1895

• U.S. forces Britain to settle dispute with Venezuela (Monroe Doctrine)

Cuban Rebellion1868-1898

• Cubans revolt, destroying American owned sugar mills to gain support from the U.S.

• Spain put the island under military rule, sending any rebels to concentration camps

• U.S. supported Spain to protect U.S. business investments

Valeriano Weyler

Joseph Pulitzer and William Hearst 1890’s

• A writing war between journalists begins between the two men

• They begin writing sensational stories to increase public sympathy in Cuba

• This type of writing is called “yellow journalism”

Pulitzer “New York World”

Hearst “New York Journal”

U.S.S. Maine 1898

• The U.S.S. Maine is sent to Havana as a show of solidarity

• Feb 15th the U.S.S. Maine explodes leaving more than 260 men dead

• U.S. public is outraged/War is declared

Philippine Islands 1898

• The U.S. starts the war when it attacks the Spanish colony in the Philippines

• Commodore George Dewey opens fire on Spanish Pacific fleet in the harbor of Manila, destroying every Spanish ship

“A splendid little War”

• U.S. easily defeats Spanish army and its Atlantic fleet

• War only lasted only 16 weeks

• Teddy becomes famous with his “rough rider” brigade

• Their famous charge on San Juan Hill becomes legendary

Fate of Cuba

• Cuban people wanted to be free but the United States annexes the island

Results of the Spanish American War

• Treaty of Paris is signed and passed in Congress

• Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines are now part of the U.S. empire

Open Door Policy• Sec of State John Hay issues a series of policies

called the Open Door Notes• These were a series of notes giving each

imperialistic country (including the U.S.) equal access to trading rights in China

Sphere of Influence • Is an area outside a nation’s borders where it

exercises economic and political control

Presidential Foreign Policy

Teddy Roosevelt Roosevelt Corollary

• Making sure Latin America follows U.S. foreign policy, T.R. adds the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

• This establishes the United States as an international police power (the use of financial/military power)

• Ex: Panama Canal-U.S. had to pay Columbia 25 million for using illegal means in obtaining Canal Zone

William Taft

Dollar Diplomacy • Allowed the United

States to continue influence throughout the world by use of financial/military involvement

• Ex: Nicaragua (defaulted on European loans)

Woodrow Wilson

Missionary Diplomacy • U.S. had a moral

responsibility to deny any recognition of an oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government toward U.S.

• Ex: Mexico (Zapata/Villa)