The Place of OriginThe religion of Islam originated on the Arabian Peninsula.The region has a desert climate and the people who settled down in the area were known as the Bedouins.By the 7th century AD these people had began to settle into towns around oasis and market towns.

Mohammad Early LifeIt was in this desert region that the founder of Islam was born around 570 AD.He received little schooling and at a young age began working in the caravan trade.At 25 he began working as a trader and manager for a businesswoman named Khadijah. They would later marry.

Muhammads Vision Muhammads life was changed literally overnight when a voice called to him while he meditated.According to Muslim belief the voice was the angel Gabriel.This voice told Muhammad to proclaim the name of the Lord and Cherisher.

A QuestionAround what year was Muhammad born and what was his first job?a. 613 herdsmanb. 540 statesmanc. 570 caravan traderd. 200 carpenter

Muhammad the ProphetAfter some soul searching Muhammad deciding that he was the last prophet and began his ministry.Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca. He and his followers then migrated to Medina. This became known as the Hijrah.In Medina he gained many devoted followers and was able to triumphantly return to Mecca.

Beliefs and Practices of IslamIslam= the religion Muslim= the followersThe Five Pillars:Faith- a Muslim has to testify that There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of AllahPrayer- 5 times a dayAlms- give to those less fortunateFasting- during RamadanPilgrimage- this is to Mecca also known as the hajj.

QuranThe Quran is the holy book of the Muslims.It was written in Arabic and the Muslims considered this to be the only true version.

AssignmentCreate a Venn Diagram explaining the differences and similarities of the three monotheistic religions we have studied. Remember these include Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.

Islam ExpandsHow Islam became one of the dominant religions of the world.

Setting the StageMuhammad died in 632. This left the Muslim world in a crisis.They believed it was their duty to carry Muhammads message to the world, but they had no clear leader.

The First CaliphTo stop the crisis the Muslim community elected Abu-Bakr as the first caliph or successor.He invoked a jihad or struggle to expand the Muslim faith.By his death in 634 Muslims controlled all of Arabia. The next three caliphs Umar, Uthman, and Ali expanded the Muslim Empire to over 6000 square miles.

Reasons for SuccessThe Muslim armies were well disciplined and had excellent leaders.Another reason was the persecution suffered by the people under the Byzantine Empire. These people often welcomed the invaders.

Treatment of Conquered People Because the Quran forbade forced conversion, Muslims allowed conquered people to follow their own religion.Christians and Jews received special treatment because they were considered people of the book.They had to pay a special poll tax to be exempt from military duty.

Islam DividesDue to conflicts over how the Quran should be interpreted the religion of Islam divided into two groups.These two groups are the Sunni and Shiite.

The Culture and Contributions of Islam

Four Social ClassesThe Upper Class: Included those who were Muslim at birth.The Second Class: Included those who were converts to Islam.The Third Class: The protected people (Jews and Christians)The Lower Class: These were the slaves.

Role of WomenThe Quran says men are the managers of the affairs of women.However, it declares men and women, as believers, to be equal.Women were given certain rights when it came to marriage, family, and property.They had more economic freedom than women in many other societies.

Role of Women ContinuedWomen are expected to submit to men.Womens responsibility varied with the income of their husband.Overtime women in the Muslim world were forced into increasing isolation.

House of WisdomThe prophet Muhammad believed strongly in the power of knowledge therefore education was very important.In Baghdad there was a building that housed a library, academy, and translation center was built. This was the House of Wisdom.

Arts and SciencesLiterature: The Quran is the standard for all Muslim literature. The most popular literature includes A Thousand and One Arabian Nights.Art and Architecture: calligraphy or the art of beautiful hand writing was started by Muslims.

Medical AdvancesMedical: al-Razi was Islams most famous doctor. Wrote two important books on medicine called the Comprehensive Book and a Treatise on Smallpox and Measles.Math: Muslims started a field of math called algebra.

Note ReviewDescribe how religion effected the four social classes of the Islamic people.How has the role of women changed in the Islamic world?What was the House of Wisdom?What is the standard for all Islamic literature?What is the most famous book in the Islamic world?What is calligraphy?Who was al-Razi? What field of math did the Muslims invent?

The CrusadesWhy did the Crusades occur and what were their affects?

The Beginning In 1093 Pope Urban II issued a call for a holy war to regain control of the Holy Land.The Holy Land was now under Muslim rule.The popes call and his statement that anyone who died in the crusade was assured a place in heaven caused many to sign up.

Goals of the CrusadeRegain Holy LandReunite the ChristendomPrevent the destruction of the Byzantine Empire.The Kings of Europe wanted more power.Money

First and Second CrusadeThe First Crusade: The Christian army was largely made up of French soldiers, though there were many Germans.In 1099 they besieged Jerusalem. On July 15, 1099 they captured it.Eventually, the city was retaken by the Turks. A second Crusade was arranged but was beaten by the Muslim general Saladin.

The Third CrusadeThis crusade was led by the three most powerful monarchs in Europe.They were Philip II of France, Fredrick I of Germany, and Richard the Lion Hearted of England.They did not stay together. Philip II went home mad, Fredrick I drowned.

3rd Crusade ContinuedThis left Richard to square off against Saladin.These two brilliant generals would fight many battles. Eventually in 1182 they called a truce.

ReviewHow were the Roman and Byzantine Emperors alike and different?Of the 88 Byzantine Emperors how many were killed?Who became emperor in 527?What was his main goal?Describe the four parts of the Justinian Code.

ReviewWhat did Justinian want Constantinople to become?What was the Hagia Sophia?Who was Empress Theodora?Why did the Byzantine Empire fall?What was the Schism?How did it begin?

ReviewWhat was the last straw that caused the split?What was the result of the split?What was the first unified territory in Russia?Who was Princess Olga?What religion did she convert to?Who was Vladimir?

ReviewWhat religion did he convert to and why?Who invaded Russia in the 1200s?Who was their original leader?How large was the Mongol Empire?Who was Ivan III?What were his goals?When did the Russian Empire begin?

ReviewWhat was the name of the city he was kicked out of?Where did he go next?What was this journey known as?What happened on his return to Mecca?What are the Five Pillars of the Islamic faith?When did Muhammad die?

ReviewWho did the Muslims choose as their new leader?Who are the four rightly guided caliphs?How did Islam expand?What were the reasons for the success of the expansion of Islam?How did Muslims treat the conquered people?

ReviewWho did the Muslims consider people of the book?What is the holy book in the Islamic faith?Describe the role of women in Islam.What are the two divisions of Islam?Describe the differences in the two.Who made up the four different social classes?

ReviewWhat was the House of Wisdom?What was the basis for all literature in the Islamic world?What was the most popular book?What is calligraphy?Who was al-Razi?What field of math did the Muslims invent?

ReviewWhy did the Crusades begin?What Pope called for the holy war?Why did the people rush to sign up for the crusade?What were the goals of the Crusades?What two groups made up the majority of the men in the First Crusade?Describe the First Crusade.

ReviewDescribe the second crusade.What Muslim general defeated the second crusade?What three European leaders began the Third Crusade?What happened to Philip II?What happened to Fredrick I?Describe the result of the Third Crusade.

UGA vs. GTDifferent Year Same Result

UGA 31GT 17Seven in a row.