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THE PERSONAL PATHWAY TO DOPINGThe concept of ‘Individual Risk’ and its implications to sport
Amanda Batt, Education Manager
2
• To share and debate the view that ‘doping’ is more than a sport-specific problem
• To propose ‘doping as an individual risk’ as a concept
• To discuss integration of traditional risk based models to a model that has ‘humans’ at the centre
OBJECTIVES OF THE SESSION
Progress to date
4
CORE INFLUENCERS
Beginner Performance development
Gifted and
talented
Performance
High performanc
eElite
Infl
uen
cers
Parents
Peers
Coaches
Health professionals
Teachers
Role models
Athlete stages
Wider societal influences
UKAD/NGBs
Health professionals
Peers
TeachersRole modelsParents
UKAD/NGBs
Coaches
Progress to date
6
• This is the starting point...as phenomenal as they are
• What do we know about people?
• Acceptance that doping is a ‘behaviour’
ATHLETES AS PEOPLE
DOPING
7
SO, WHAT DO WE KNOW
Athlete developmen
t
PerformancePsychology
Sociology
Human Nature
8
• Undertaking by Professor Mike McNamee and Dr Andrew Bloodworth, University of Swansea
RESEARCH
9
MAIN CONCLUSIONS• Doping is a behaviour where a doping decision is preceded by instability, a problem
• Common tipping points include:• Career instability, peer pressure, relax from stress, injury before
major event, performance plateau, personal distress outside of sport, physiological weaknesses, finance, end of career etc.
• Wider attitudes:• Social drugs, adolescent peer groups, family support, early
specialisation, sympathy with dopers, supplement use, attitudes of significant others, win at all costs, lack of lifestyle/balance, perception of use
• Personality, culture and society
• Sport specify and in-depth interventions are required
PERSONAL
•Personality (risk taking)•Attitudes•Beliefs (detection)•Values•Morals•Attribution (internal/external)•Low self-esteem•High trait anxiety•Personal distress•Motivation (internal/external)•Low resilience/coping skills
SOCIAL•Family (upbringing)•Relationship with Parents•Peers and peer norms•Social norms
SPORT•Early sport experience (high competition)•Sport norms •Sport culture (professional, profile, sponsorship)•Closed sporting environment•Low regard for health (play on mentality)•Supplement useLIFESTY
LE•Lack of balance in life•Limited nutritional knowledge•Previous lifestyle behaviours(social drugs, alcohol)
PROBLEM•Injury•Transition•Finance (maintain, prospect of)•Change in training•Change in results•Career instability•Family problems•Stress•Fear of failure•Pressure – Individual, societal, peer
INTEN
TIO
N
EX
PER
IEN
CE
HA
BIT
BEH
AV
IOU
R
TIP
PIN
G
PO
INT
AC
TIO
NNEGATI
VE
STOP
POSITIVE (ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED)
REINFORCEMENT
POSITIVE
DABBLE
QU
ES
TIO
NS
INFLU
EN
CE
SUPPLEMENT USE
DOPING2
YEARS
POI
POI
POI
POI
POI
POI
POI
POI
POI
= Point of Intervention
POI
PERSONAL
•Personality (risk taking)•Attitudes•Beliefs (detection)•Values•Morals•Attribution (internal/external)•Low self-esteem•High trait anxiety•Personal distress•Motivation (internal/external)•Low resilience/coping skills
SOCIAL•Family (upbringing)•Relationship with Parents•Peers and peer norms•Social norms
SPORT•Early sport experience (high competition)•Sport norms •Sport culture (professional, profile, sponsorship)•Closed sporting environment•Low regard for health (play on mentality)•Supplement useLIFESTY
LE•Lack of balance in life•Limited nutritional knowledge•Previous lifestyle behaviours(social drugs, alcohol)
PROBLEM•Injury•Transition•Finance (maintain, prospect of)•Change in training•Change in results•Career instability•Family problems•Stress•Fear of failure•Pressure – Individual, societal, peer
INTEN
TIO
N
EX
PER
IEN
CE
HA
BIT
BEH
AV
IOU
R
TIP
PIN
G
PO
INT
AC
TIO
NNEGATI
VE
STOP
POSITIVE (ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED)
REINFORCEMENT
POSITIVE
DABBLE
QU
ES
TIO
NS
INFLU
EN
CE
SUPPLEMENT USE
DOPING2
YEARS
DISCUSSION
12
RISK-BASED APPROACH
Information and awareness
Reinforcement of main messagesEmpower use of tools e.g Global
DRO
Education, engagement,
effective decision making, deterrent
tactics
1:1 interventions, professional support
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• Athletes are people first, athletes second and people Have a relationship with risk
• Doping is a ‘risky behaviour’....
....an individual risk
• We need ‘people’ at the heart of our evidenced based risk assessment
•
FINAL THOUGHTS