The Path to Mars · PDF fileCopyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved. Boeing 2015 Mars Campaign: 11 LMO Taxi to Phobos; staysaerobrakes to EDLV 2 250 x 5500 Earth Mars

Copyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved.

The Path to Mars

1

December 2015

Matthew Duggan


Overview

2 Author,

12/2/2015,

• ISS as a testbed for Exploration

• Systems Development

• Human Health and Performance Research LEO

Cislunar Exploration

Habitation capabilities for humans beyond LEO

Power/propulsion for cislunar orbits

Robotic and/or human lunar surface missions

Long distance operations and resupply

Human Health and Performance

Proving

Grounds

Mars Exploration

Habitation for long duration (1000+ days) missions

Power/propulsion for interplanetary missions

EDL

Mars


Deep Space Exploration Incremental Approach

3

Earth Reliant Missions: 6-12 months

Return: Hours

Distance: ~250 miles

Proving Ground Missions: 1-12 months

Return: Days

Distance: ~240,000 miles

Earth Independent Missions: 2-3 years

Return: Months

Distance: 36 to 250 million miles

Precursor Robotic Exploration Missions

Phase 0

Demonstrate exploration

systems on Space

Station

Phase 1

Develop & Checkout critical

enabling systems

Orion

Space Launch System

Asteroid Redirect Mission

Initial habitation Systems

Phase 2

Moon proximity; Increasing

capability and duration

Simulated Mars transit mission

Lunar Landing - International

Phase 3+

Journey to Moons of

Mars, and Mars

http://xp4d.com/Boeing/MarsArchitecture2015/H_MTV_Cargo.3k2.jpg

http://xp4d.com/Boeing/CisLunar/CisLunar_Action/CisLunar_InSPace.2k6.jpg


ISS as a Testbed

• Mature life support systems for long duration dependability (ECLS)

• Assess network communications delays and effects of delayed communication on interplanetary crews. (Communications)

• Understand the extent of physical changes in astronauts who live in space for long periods of time, with an aim toward improving recovery time and developing injury prevention methods for future missions. (HH&P)

• 3-D Printing in Zero-G Technology Demonstration that gives crews the ability to manufacture new objects on demand while in space. (Additive Manufacturing)

• The ISS Veggie investigation studies how to best utilize a facility for growing fresh produce in microgravity. (Food)

4


Proving Grounds

• Emphasis on growth of capability built up over time

• Increasing complexity

• Useful at every stage for proving ground operations

• Goals

• Demonstrate long duration systems

• Demonstrate long duration deep space operations (earth independent)

• Demonstrate evolvability – change over time & vehicle upgrades

• Demonstrate innovative technologies & mission designs

• Incremental growth allows steady progress at a controlled rate

5


Technologies

6

•Dependable ECLS

•Space Radiation Protection

•Long Duration Human Health and Performance

•High Rate Comm

•Long Distance/Reduced Supply Operations

•Deep Space Navigation & Staging

•Dust Mitigation

•Surface Power Generation and Storage

•Surface EVA & Mobility

•Mars EDL and Ascent and Earth-return EDL

Increasing

Difficulty in

Proving

Grounds

Demonstration


Earth/Cislunar Transit Mars

Boeing Mars Architecture: The Easy Pieces

7

Orion

Space Launch System

Transit Habitat

Mars EDL

Mars Ascent Vehicle

SEP/Hybrid Tug

Crew

Prop

http://xp4d.com/Boeing/CisLunar/HybridSEP/Hybrid_SEP_Deployed.2k1.png


Element Earth/Moon Mars Transit Phobos/Mars

SLS Cargo/Crew

Launch

Orion Crew

Transportation

Crew

Transport

Sortie Vehicle/

Lunar Landing Mars Orbit Taxi MAV

Propulsion Lunar Lander Taxi Propulsion MAV Propulsion

Large

Habitat

Long Duration

Transit

Long Duration

Transit

Phobos Hab

Mars Hab

SEP Tug 50 kW Tug/ARV 400 kW SEP/

Hybrid Tug

Mars EDL Mars EDLV

Technology Feedthrough

8

http://xp4d.com/Boeing/CisLunar/HybridSEP/Hybrid_SEP_Deployed.2k1.png


Boeing Mars Campaign - Missions

1. Phobos Outpost Emplacement Mission • SEP MTV 1 + Phobos Hab/Lander + Phobos Taxi/Crew Module

2. Phobos Crew Mission • Hybrid MTV 1 + Transit Hab

3. Mars Surface Systems Emplacement 1 • SEP MTV 2 + Mars Hab + Mars EDLV

4. Mars Surface Systems Emplacement 2 • SEP MTV 3 + MAV + Mars EDLV + LMO Taxi/Crew Module

5. Mars Surface and Phobos Crew Mission 1 • Hybrid MTV 2 + Transit Hab + Phobos Taxi Propulsion

151009_Boeing_2015_Mars.pp

tx 9


Boeing 2015 Mars Campaign:

10

Earth

Mars

MEO

LDRO

Cislunar

5 Sol

Deimos

Trans Earth

LDHEO

Trans Mars

Phobos

250 x 5500 km 250 x 250 km

Phobos

Cargo

x3

C-O

Crew

Phobos

Crew

Launch

Phobos

Crew

Return

Phobos

Cargo

x3

Transfer

to LGA

Transfer

to LGA

LGAs to

C3 2 LGAs to

C3 = 2

LGAs from

C3 2

Transfer

from LGA

Hab aerocaptures

to Phobos Phobos Taxi

aerocaptures

to 250 x 5 sol

LGAs from

C3 = 2

Phobos Taxi

remains in 5 sol

SEP MTV

Cargo Hybrid MTV

Crew

SEP MTV

Cargo Hybrid MTV

Crew

Phobos Taxi

to Phobos Phobos Taxi

to 250 x 5 sol

4 Crew to Phobos (2033)


Boeing 2015 Mars Campaign:

11

LMO Taxi to

Phobos; stays EDLV 2

aerobrakes to

250 x 5500

Earth

Mars

MEO

LDRO

Cislunar

5 Sol

Deimos

Trans Earth

LDHEO

Trans Mars

Phobos

250 x 5500 km 250 x 250 km

Mars

Cargo

x7-

C-O

Crew

Phobos

Crew

Launch

Phobos

Crew

Return

Mars

Cargo

x2+

Transfer

to LGA

Transfer

to LGA

LGAs to

C3 2 LGAs to

C3 = 2

LGAs from

C3 2

Transfer

from LGA

LMO & Phobos Taxis

mate with MTV

LGAs from

C3 = 2

Phobos Taxi

remains in 5 sol

SEP MTV

Cargo x2 Hybrid MTV

Crew

SEPMTV

Cargo x2 Hybrid MTV

Crew

Mars Cargo EDLV 1 aerocaptures

into 250 x 5500 km orbit

Cargo EDLV 1

to Mars

Phobos Taxi takes 2

to Phobos

LMO Taxi takes 2 to

250 x 5500 km

MAV EDLV 2

to Mars

MAV to LMO Taxi

in 250 x 250

LMO Taxi to

250 x 250

LMO Taxi inserts

EDLV 2 into 250 x 5 sol

Phobos Taxi

takes 4 to MTV

Crew to Mars & 2 Crew to Phobos (2039)


Crew Arrival

12


De-orbit

13


Ascent

14


Ascent

15


Ascent

16


Ascent

17


Arrival at Transit Vehicle

18


Key Architecture Points

• Cis-lunar tugs and SLS B1B are assumed

• 2 crew to Mars

• Mars mission elements are mostly evolved from Proving Grounds elements

• Early heavy robotics precursors can retire key EDL risks

• The cargo MTVs never enter Mars orbit; payloads are aerocaptured.

• MAV only ascends to 250 km to meet the taxi

• Key risk reduction by Phobos mission prior to Mars landing

19

Documents

The Path to Mars · PDF fileCopyright © 2010 Boeing. All rights reserved. Boeing 2015 Mars Campaign: 11 LMO Taxi to Phobos; staysaerobrakes to EDLV 2 250 x 5500 Earth Mars