Word DefinitionAbsolute magnitude How bright a star would look if it were 32.6 light years away from the Earth.Absolute zero The lowest possible temperature, -273.16 degrees C.Acceleration Change in velocity (speed, or direction).Airglow The natural glow of the night sky due to reactions that take place in the Earth's

upper atmosphere.Albedo The albedo of an object is how much light it reflects. A perfect reflector such as

a mirror would have an albedo of 100, the moon has an albedo of 7, and the Earth has an albedo of 36.

Angstrom unit Unit used to measure the wavelength of light, and other electromagnetic radiation.

Annular Shaped like or forming a ring.Apastron When two stars that orbit each other are as far away from each other as they can

get.Aphelion The point in an object's orbit around the Sun when it is furthest from the Sun.Apogee The point in an object's orbit around the earth when it is furthest from the Earth.Aerolite A meteorite which is stoney.Asteroid A rock, or Minor Planet orbiting the Sun.Astrology A belief that links the positions of the stars and planets to human destinies. It

has no scientific background.Astronomical Unit The distance from the Earth to the Sun. Usually written AU.Astrophysics The use of physics and chemistry in the study of Astronomy.Atmosphere The gaseous area surrounding a planet or other body.Atom The smallest particle of any element.Aurora Beautiful lights seen over the polar regions which are caused when energized

particles from the Sun react with the Earth's magnetic field. Axis An imaginary straight line on which an object rotates.Background radiation Weak microwave radiation coming from space in all directions. It is believed to

be the remnant of the Big Bang.Barycentre The center of gravity of the Earth and moon.Binary star A star which is actually made up of two stars orbiting each other.Black Hole A region of space around a very small and extremely massive object within

which the gravitational field is so strong that not even light can escape.Bolide A brilliant meteor, which may explode during its descent through the Earth's

atmosphere.Bolometer A sensitive radiation detector.Celestial sphere An imaginary sphere surrounding the Earth. It is used to help astronomers

explain where objects are found in the sky.Cepheid A variable star that scientists can use to determine how distant a galaxy or star

cluster is.Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)

A sensitive imaging device which is replacing photography in most branches of Astronomy.

Chromosphere Part of the Sun's atmosphere, it is visible during a total solar eclipse.Circumpolar star A star which never sets, but can be viewed year round.

Clusters A group or stars or galaxies which are held together by their common gravity.Color index A measure of a star's color, which tells scientists how hot the star's surface is.Coma The hazy-looking patch surrounding the nucleus of a comet.Comet A small, frozen mass of dust and gas revolving around the sun.Conjunction When a planet appears to come close to another planet or star. It only appears to

come close because it moves in between the other object and the Earth.Constellation A grouping of stars which have been given names by ancient astronomers

because of the way they look.Corona The outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere.Coronagraph A type of telescope designed to view the Sun's Corona.Cosmic rays High-speed particles that reach the Earth from Outer Space.Cosmology The study of the universe.Day Amount of time it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis.Density The compactness of matter.Direct motion Objects moving around the Sun in the same direction as the Earth are moving in

direct motion, objects moving in the opposite direction are moving in retrograde motion.

Diurnal motion The apparent motion of the sky from East to West caused by the Earth moving from West to East.

Earthshine The faint glow of the moon when the side facing Earth is dark. Caused by light reflecting off the Earth.

Eclipse When our view of one object in the sky is blocked by either another object or the Earth's shadow.

Ecliptic The path the Sun, Moon, and planets all follow in the sky.Ecosphere The area around a star where it is just the right temperature for life to exist.Electron Negative particle which orbits an atom.Element Substance which cannot be broken down any further. There are 92 known

elements.Equinox March 21st and September 22nd. Twice a year when the day and night are the

same amount of time all around the world.Escape velocity The speed an object must have in order to escape from another object's gravity.Exosphere The outermost part of the Earth's atmosphere.Flares

(Solar Flares)

Beautiful eruptions in the outer part of the Sun's atmosphere.

Galaxy A group of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.Gamma ray Extremely short-wavelength and energetic electromagnetic radiation.Geocentric Simply means the Earth in the Center. People used to believe the Universe was

geocentric, or that the Earth was in the center of the Universe.Geophysics Study of the Earth using Physics.Gibbous When the Moon is more than half full, but less than completely full.HI region Cloud of neutral hydrogen.HII region Cloud of ionized hydrogen.Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

A diagram which helps scientists understand different kinds of stars. Click here to learn more.

Hubble Constant The relationship between the distance of an object and the speed at which it is traveling away from us. The further away an object is the faster away from us it is traveling.

Inferior planets Mercury and Venus which lie closer to the Sun than the Earth are called inferior planets.

Ionosphere A region of the Earth's atmosphere.Kelvin A measurement of temperature often used in astronomy. 0 degrees Kelvin

equals -273 degrees Celsius and -459.4 degrees Fahrenheit.Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

1. The planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. 2. An imaginary line joining the center of a planet to the center of the Sun sweeps the same amount of space all the time. 3. The time it takes a planet to orbit the Sun is related to how far away from the Sun an object is.

Kirkwood gaps Regions in the asteroid belt where almost no asteroids can be found. This is due to the fact that the giant planet Jupiter changes the orbits of any object which enters these areas.

Light Year The distance which a ray of light would travel in one year. This is about 6,000,000,000,000 (6 trillion) miles.

Limb The edge of any object in Outer Space. The edge of the Moon for example.Local Group A group of around two dozen galaxies. It is the group to which our galaxy

belongs.Lunation Period between new moons. 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes.Magnetosphere Region around an object where the influence of the object's magnetic field can

be felt.Mass How much matter an object contains. It is not the same as weight, although an

object's mass does help determine how much it will weigh.Meteor A shooting star, observed when a particle of dust enters into the Earth's

atmosphere.Meteorite An object from Outer Space, such as a rock, that falls into the Earth and lands

on its surface.Meteoroids Any small object in Outer Space, such as dust or a rock.Micrometeorites An extremely small object. They are so small that when they hit the Earth's

atmosphere they do not create a shooting star effect.Milky Way Our Galaxy. (The word "Galaxy" actually means milky way in Greek).Minor planet AsteroidMolecule A group of atoms linked together.Multiple star A group of stars that orbit each other.Nadir That point on the celestial sphere directly below the observer.Nebula A cloud of gas and dust.Neutrino A very small particle with no mass or charge.Neutron star The remnants of a dead star. They are incredibly compact and spin very quickly,

some spin 100 times a second.Nova A star which suddenly flares up to many times its original brightness before

fading again.

Oblate Spheroid A planet that is not perfectly round because it is wider in the middle and shorter from top to bottom.

Occultation The covering up of one celestial body by another.

Opposition When a planet is exactly opposite the Sun so that the Earth is between them.Orbit The path one object takes around another.Ozone An area in the Earth's upper atmosphere which absorbs many of the lethal

radiations coming from space.Parallax The shift of an object when it is viewed from two different places. For example

if you close one eye and look at your thumb nail, and then switch eyes, you will see everything in the background move back and forth. Scientists use this to measure the distance to stars.

Parsec 3.26 light yearsPenumbra The lighter part of a shadow found on the shadow's edge.Periastron When two stars that orbit each other are at their closest point.Perigee The point in an object's orbit around the Earth when it is closest to the Earth.Perihelion When an object which revolves around the Sun is at the closest point it gets to

the Sun.Perturbations The disturbances in the orbit of a celestial object caused by the gravitational

pull of another object.Phases The apparent change in the shape of the Moon, Mercury, and Venus due to how

much of the sunlit side is facing the Earth.Photosphere The bright surface of the Sun.Planet An object moving around a star.Planetary nebula A nebula of gas surrounding a star.Precession The Earth behaves like a spinning top. Its poles are spinning in circles causing

the poles to point in different directions over time. It takes 25,800 years for the Earth to complete one precession.

Proper motion The motion of the stars across the sky as seen from Earth. Closer stars have a higher proper motion than more distant ones, just as in your car closer objects such as road signs seem to move faster than distant mountains and trees.

Proton The center of an atom is made up of one or more protons. It has a positive charge.

Quasar A very distant, immensely bright object.Radiant The area in the sky where during a meteor shower the meteors appear to radiate

from.Radio galaxies Galaxies which are extremely powerful emitters of radio radiation.Red shift When an object is traveling away from the Earth, the light from this object is

stretched out, making it look redder.Revolve When something is moving in a circle around another object, such as the way

the Moon Circles the Earth, it is said to revolve around that object.

Rotate When an object spins it is said to be rotating.

Saros cycle A period of 18 years 11.3 days in which eclipses repeat themselves.Satellite A small object orbiting a larger one. There are many electronic objects that orbit

the Earth.Scintillation Twinkling of stars. Due to the Earth's atmosphere.Seeing The condition of the Earth's atmosphere at a particular time. If the sky is clear

astronomers say there is good seeing.Selenography The study of the Moon's surface.Seyfert galaxies Galaxies with small bright centers. Many Seyfert galaxies are good sources of

radio waves.Shooting star A light in the atmosphere caused by a meteor falling towards the Earth.Sidereal Period The period of time that it takes an object in space to complete one full orbit in

relation to the stars.Solar System The system of planets and other objects orbiting the star Sol, which happens to

be our Sun.Solar wind A steady flow of particles streaming out from the Sun in all directions.Solstice 22 June, and 22 December. Time of the year when the day is either shortest, or

longest depending on where you are.Spicules Jets up to 16,000 kilometers in diameter in the Sun's atmosphere.Stratosphere Level of the Earth's atmosphere from about 11-64 kilometers (7-11 miles) above

sea level.Star A self-luminous object that shines through the release of energy produced by

nuclear reactions at its core.Supernova A super bright explosion of a star. A supernova can produce the same amount of

energy in one second as an entire galaxy.Sundial Ancient instrument used to tell time.Sun spots Dark patches on the Sun's surface.Superior planets The planets which lie further from the Sun than the Earth.Synchronous satellite An artificial satellite which moves around the Earth at the same speed that the

Earth rotates, so that it is always above the same part of Earth.Synodic Period The time it takes an object in space to reappear at the same point in relation to

two other objects, e.g., the Earth and Sun.Syzygy The position of the Moon in its orbit when at new or full phase.Terminator The line between day and night on any celestial object.Thermocouple An instrument used for measuring very small quantities of heat.Time dilation The idea that as you approach the speed of light time slows down and mass

increases.Trojans asteroids Asteroids that circle the Sun following Jupiter's orbit.Troposphere The lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere.Umbra The dark inner part of a sunspot, or shadow.Variable stars Stars which fluctuate in brightness.Zenith Point directly above your head in the night sky.

Http://www.kidsknowit.com/interactive-educational-movies/index.php?Educational-movies-type=Astronomy

The Sun Galaxy

Mercury Stars

Venus Asteroids

The Earth Comets

The Moon Meteors

Mars Saturn

Jupiter Neptune

The Heavenly Bodies

Words and Definitions

Huge- very big / giant-very large / gigantic-extremely large

Aurora

Beautiful lights seen over the polarregions which are caused when energized particles from the Sun react with the Earth's magnetic field.

Black Hole

A region of space around a very small and extremely massive object within which the gravitational field is so strong that not even light can escape.

Cosmic rays

High-speed particles that reach the Earth from Outer Space.

Eclipse

When our view of one object in the sky is blocked by either another object or the Earth's shadow.

Galaxy

A group of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.

Ionosphere

A region of the Earth's atmosphere.

Lunation

Period between new moons. 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes.

Micrometeorites

An extremely small object. They are so small that when they hit the Earth's atmosphere they do not create a shooting star effect.

Quasar (quasi-stellar quasi: like / stellar: adjective/connected with stars)

A very distant, immensely bright object.

Solar wind

A steady flow of particles streaming out from the Sun in all directions.

To revolve: to go in a circular way around a central point

The Milky Way GalaxyThe Milky Way Galaxy is just one of hundreds of billions of galaxies that populate our universe. Our galaxy's name - the Milky Way - is a translation from the Latin "Via Lactea" which is derived from the

Greek word "kikliosgalaxios" which means milky circle. If you go to a dark sky location, the plane of the Milky Way appears as a swath of light across the night sky.

It was the Greek Democritus (460-370BC) who first claimed that the Milky Way consisted of distant stars. William Herschel in 1785 made the first map of the Milky Way. Herschel was the first to study and measure the distribution of stars in space. He counted the stars he could see and concluded that the stars were grouped into a huge disk formation and he was right.

In the polar view of the Milky Way we can see the spiral arms and the dense collection of stars that make up core of the galaxy. The entire galaxy is rotating in a clockwise direction. The Milky Way is spiral galaxy. And that red dot in it is the location of the Solar System.If we look at the Milky Way edge-on from outside our galaxy We would see a large, flat disk of stars, dust and gas with a dense central ball of stars. Above and below the plane of the Milky Way we would see globular (shaped like a ball) clusters whose distribution is centered about the center of the galaxy. We can't clearly see the galactic center from our location because the interstellar dust clouds between us and the galactic nucleus reduce the amount of light that reaches us from the nucleus.

What is Thermonuclear Fusion?

Thermonuclear fusion is the process in which a star produces its light, heat, and energy. This happens at the core of the star. The core is superheated to millions of degrees. This heat travels towards the surface and radiates out into the universe. Through this thermonuclear process, stars "burn" a fuel known as hydrogen. The result is that they create another type of fuel known as helium. However, stars do not burn in the same way that a fire does, because stars are not on fire.

Sun Spots

We don't often think of the Sun as having cooler areas on its surface. The Sun is far too hot for an astronaut to ever visit, but there are areas which are slightly cooler than others. These areas are known as sun spots. Sun spots are still very hot. However, because they are slightly cooler than the rest of the surface of the Sun, they appear slightly darker in colour. The gravitational forces in Sun spots are also stronger than the other hotter areas. Of course, you cannot look directly at the Sun to see these spots because you would damage your eyes. Astronomers have to use special telescopes with filters and other instruments to be able to see the cooler spots on the surface of the Sun.

The Origins of the Universe

By observing galaxies formed billions of years ago, astronomers have been able to paint an increasingly detailed picture of how the universe evolved. According to the widely accepted Big Bang theory, our universe was born in an explosive moment approximately fifteen billion years ago. All of the universe's matter and energy-even the fabric of space itself-was compressed into an infinitesimally small volume and then began expanding at an incredible rate. Within minutes, the universe had grown to the size of the solar system and cooled enough so that equal numbers of protons, neutrons, and the simplest atomic nuclei had formed.

After several hundred thousand years of expansion and cooling, neutral atoms-atoms with equal numbers of protons and electrons-were able to form and separate out as distinct entities. Still later, immense gas clouds coalesced to form primitive galaxies, and, from them, stars. Our own solar system formed relatively recently-about five billion years ago-when the universe was two-thirds its present size.

In April 2000, an international team of cosmologists supported in part by NSF released the first detailed images of the universe in its infancy. The images reveal the structure that existed in the universe when it was a tiny fraction of its current age and one thousand times smaller and hotter than today. The project, dubbed BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics) captured the images using an extremely sensitive telescope suspended from a balloon that circumnavigated the Antarctic in late 1998. The BOOMERANG images were the first to bring into sharp focus the faint glow of microwave radiation, called the cosmic microwave background, that filled the embryonic universe soon after the Big Bang. Analysis of the images already has shed light on the nature of matter and energy, and indicates that space is "flat."

As (astrology) is completely different from an (astronomy) and an (astrophysics). All three are constant (observer) of the skies, but only the latter two really deserve the title of (science). The difference between them is similar to the one between a fortuneteller a (psychology).

One of the most important areas of astronomy is the field of comparative planetology. By studying planets and other large bodies in the solar system, we learn about the history and possible future of our own. Some large bodies, such as Mars, Mercury and the Moon, have preserved a record of the history of the solar system, in their craters and in the evidence for lava flows and other surface alterations. On the other hand, Venus gives a frightening glimpse into a possible future of the Earth, should the "greenhouse effect" become significant here.

Even the giant planets, different though they seem, offer insight into the formation of the solar system, its stability, and its history, and therefore are important to a complete understanding of the Earth's history. In particular, the moons of the outer planets are in some cases comparable to inner solar system objects.

Unit 3/Theme: Astronomy and the Solar System Oued El-Alenda Lycée (2013-2014)Sequence 2: Read and Consider Third Year, Experimental Sciences

Vocabulary Worksheet

Task 1: Match the words (A-F) with their definitions (1-6).

Task 2: Fill in the gaps with the provided words in the box below.

One of the most important areas of 1………………..….. Is the field of comparative planetology. By studying2………………… and other large bodies in the3 .……………………, we learn about the history and possible 4………..………… of our own. Some large bodies, such as Mars, Mercury and the 5 .………., have preserved a record of the history of the solar system, in their craters and in the evidence for lava flows and other surface 6………………….. On the other hand, 7 .…………………….. Gives a frightening glimpse into a possible future of the Earth, should the "greenhouse effect" become significant here.

A. Aurora

B. Huge/giant

C. Eclipse

D. Revolve

E. Quasar

F.Lunation

1. When our view of one object (the moon) in the sky is blocked by another object or the Earth's shadow

2. Period between new moons. 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes

3. To go in a circular way around a central point

4. A very distant, immensely bright object

5. Extremely large6. Lights seen over the polar regions;

caused when energized particles from the Sun react with the Earth's magnetic field.

Venus - future - astronomy – Moon -planets - alterations -solar system

Task 3: add the suffixes –ist and –er to the words in the box below, then use them to get a meaningful text.

An (1)………………… is completely different from an (2)………………… and (3)

……………... All three are constant (4)……………………. Of the skies, but only the latter two really

deserve the title of (5)……………... The difference between them is similar to the one between a

fortuneteller and a (6)………………….

Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse

Aurora

astronomy - science - astrology - psychology - observe - astrophysics

Quasar

Lycée of Oued El-Alenda Monday 11/02/2013 10-11h Teacher: Dendenne BoudjemaaLevel & Stream: Third Year, Experimental SciencesUnit 3: It’s a Giant Leap For MankindTheme: Astronomy and the solar systemSequence 2: Read and ConsiderObjective: using the already acquired words relating to solar system and acquiring a couple of new ones Forming nouns out of nouns using the suffixes –ist and -er

Timing Teacher’s (T) and Pupils’ (Pps) Activities Aims

5 m.

20 m.

The T first gets the Pps be acquainted with the lesson (vocabulary). Then he speaks about the importance of vocabulary in both reading comprehension and writing with reference to BAC Examination. He may also give examples of some of the specialised vocabulary items acquired in the previous two units and what have already acquired in the unit under question.

Vocabulary WorksheetTask 1The T reads the question. It will be, most probably, easily understood by most of the Pps. He only pronounces the words, but may provide explanation for definitions. Pps will be encouraged to use dictionaries to understand the words and definitions. Also, make aware of some of the techniques they might resort to, like:

1. Using affixation: analysing how words are formed2. Recall the words learnt before as one word in the task may look

like a previously-encountered one3. Investing in their knowledge of words from French4. Starting with the easy ones/the ones they understand then the

others

Warming up

Matching words with their definitions

15 m.

Since the dictionaries Pps carry with them are not specialised ones, the T may assist in words like aurora, for example by showing a picture or analysing the word for them in case of quasar, for example (quasi: like and stellar: connected with stars)

Volunteers will be selected to write the correct answers in the board.

A.Aurora - 6 (lights)B.Huge/giant - 5 (extremely large)C. Eclipse - 1 (earth between the moon and the sun)D. Revolve - 3 (to go around a centre)E. Quasar - 4 (immense bright object)F. Lunation - 2 (period between new moons)

Task 2The words provided in the list are, supposedly, known to Pps because we have dealt with in previous lessons. So, the T may go through the passage to explain some words and ideas. While doing so, he highlights certain cues relating filling-gaps task like:1. Analysing words like planetology (name of science, since it contains

the suffix –logy)2. After articles we need nouns, after verbs objects and so on

2

Filling in the gaps

15 m.

Unit: IT’s a Giant Step…; Sequence: Read and Consider

3. The connector and links two equal chunks like two adjectives, verbs, comparatives etc.

Pps will always be encouraged to use the dictionary and doing the work in pairs to help each other.Volunteers answer and write on the board. Preferably, volunteers, other than the ones in Task 1, will be selected. When the passage is filled in, Pps will be asked to read it to see if they will be able to understand it and, thus, their selection of words is deemed tactful not random.

Task 3The T illustrates how nouns can be made out of other nouns using the suffixes –ist and –er that indicate a person who believes in or practices something.The T reads the passage trying to give as many contextual cues as possible (e.g. Anprecedes nouns so this person is different from two other persons. The three persons share something in common which is “being …… of the skies” the difference between the first person and the two other is like the difference between a fortuneteller and X person)Pps add suffixes to the provided words and use them to fill in the gaps. Then, they read the passage as it is filled up to link the ideas they get separated at the beginning.

Homework: the T asks Pps to write paragraphs about the newly acquired words quasar, aurora, comparative planetology and eclipse looking for more details.Also, looking for names of sciences and those who practice them and using them in meaningful sentences.

Making nouns out of other nouns using

suffixes –ist and –er

Closure

Crater: large hole in ground caused by an explosion.Lava: hot liquid rock comes out of volcano.Glimpse: a short quick look at something/somebody.

The aurora australis /ði.əˌrɔː.rə.ɒsˈtreɪ.lɪs/Quasar /ˈkweɪ.zɑːr/Energised /ˈen.ə.dʒaɪzd/Fortune /ˈfɔː.tʃuːn/

2

Lycée of Oued El-Alenda (2013/2014) Third Year, Experimental SciencesUnit 3: Astronomy and the solar system List of Essential Vocabulary

Nouns الأسماء

Aerolite جوي نيزك Lunar بالقمر متعلقAsteroid صغير كوكب Lunation بي قمرين نفترةAstrology التنجيم علم Magnetic lines المغناطيسية الخطوطAstronaut فضاء رائد Mars المريخAstronautics فضائية ملاحة Mass كتلةAstronomer الفلك عالم Measurements/dimentions القياساتAstrophysics الفلكية الفيزياء Mercury عطاردAtmosphere الجوي الغلاف Meteor/ Meteorites الشهبAtom ذرة Micrometeorites مجهرية شهبAurora شفق Mile=1609 meters الميلAverage متوسط/ معدل Milky Way الأرض تحوي التي المجرة Axis محور Motion حركةBlack Hole أسود ثقب Mysteries غموض/ خباياBody/object جسم Nadir مركز باتجاه نقطة

الجاذبيةClockwise direction الساعة عقارب اتجاه NASA الأمريكية الفضاء وكالةCollision تصادم Nebula سديمية غيمة سديم؛Comet مذنب Neptune نبتونComposition التركيب Nuclear fusion نووي اندماجConstellation ) النجوم ) من مجموعة كوكبة Observatory مرصدCopernicus يونانب فلك عالم Origin اصلCore/centre مركز Ozone الأزون طبقةCosmology الكون علم Path/way مسارCrater بركانية فوهة Photosphere ضوئي غلاف

Curiosity الفضول Planetology الكواكب علمData البيانات Planets كواكبDebris / انفجار تحطم بقايا Quasar الزائف من ( النجم نوع

النجوم)Degree درجة Rays اشعةDensity الكثافة

Remote sensingبعد عن جمع )الاستشعار طريق عن المعلومات

) صطناعية الا الأقمارDiameter القطر Rocket صاروخDistance المسافة Satellite قمراصطناعيDwarf صغير نجم Saturn زحلEarth الأرض Shape شكلEclipse خسوف/ كسوف Size حجمEnergy الطاقة Sky سماءEvolution التطور Solar System شمسي نظامFlares (Solar Flares) ) الشمس ) ألسنة لهب Solar wind الشمسية الرياحGalaxy مجرة Space exploration الفضاء اكتشافGalileo قديم فلك عالم Spaceship فضائية مركبةGases الغازات Spectrum الطيف اضواءGeophysics الأرضية ءالفيزيا Star نجمGravity الجاذبية Sun-rise الشروقInfrared ) ( اشعة الأحمر تحت Sun-set الغروبJupiter المشتري Surface سطحKepler قديم فلك عالم Telescope تلسكوبLens العدسات Temperature الحرارةLight year ضوئية سنة The Milky Way التبانة درب مجرةUranus اورنس Theory نظرية

Ultraviolet البنفسجي فوق الإشعاعVerbs الأفعال

Universe/cosmos الكون Collide يصطدمVacuum الفراغ Destroy/demolish يحطمVega النجوم من نوع Explode ينفجرVenus الزهرة Hover يحلقVolcano بركان Magnify يضخم/ يكبرVolume Observe يرصدWeather forecasting الجوية التنبؤات Radiate يشعZenith لسماء النظر عند اعلىنقطة Receive يستقبل

AdjectivesReflect يعكسOrbit/Revolve/ Rotate

يدور

Celestial/heavenly سموي Shine يشعGalactic بالمجرة متعلق Transmit/send يرسلRadiant مشع Travel ينتقلSpherical دائريStarry = stellar نجميTerrestrial ارضيVolcanic بركانيCylindrical اسطوانيArtificial/man-made/false اصطناعيCircular دائريGiant/very big/huge / عظيم/ ضخم كبيرGaseous غازيIntense درجة أعلى على

Remote بعيدDistant/far بعيدClose/near قريبLong طويلShort قصيرLarge واسعExtraterrestrial فضائي كائنExtraordinary خارق

*

Mercury: صغير دكوكب astroidعطارVenus: سماوي جسم لمذنبّ، ا cometالزهرةEarth: نيزكالأرض meteorsMars: المريخJupiter: المشتريSaturn: زحلUranus: أورناوس galactic Neptune: نبتون

(A)Absolute temperature, amplitude, antimatter, astronomical unit, astrophysics,

(B)black body, black dwarf, black hole, blue shift,

© canis major & minor, centre of mass, centrifugal force, collapsed star,convection, cosmic rays, crust, crystalization

(D)dark star, degeneracy pressure, dimension,

(E) electric resistance, escapevelocity,event horizon, exit cone,

(F)failed star, fluctuation, freeeequency, frozen star, galaxy,

(G) globular cluster, gravitational accelaration, gravitational lens, gravitional potential energy, gravitational red shift, gravitational wave,* Teacher : Boudjemaa Dendenne

(I)imposion, infrared interference,

(M)magnetic lines of force, milky way, momentum,

(N) nebula, nova, nuclear fusion,

(P) paradox,parallax, peoriodictime, plane, propermotion, proper time, protostar, quantum radiation pressure,

® radio astronomy, red shift, relativity special and general, repulsion, rotation period,

(S)semimajor axis, singulatiry, sirius, spectrum, spherical symmetry, spin, staticsurface, strong force, super conductor, super fluid, super massive blackhole, supernova system,

(T) tidal force, time machine, thermal energy, twin paradox,

(U)ultraviolet, uncertainty principle,

(V) vaccum, variable stow, vega, virtual particle,

(W) wave front, wave length, white dwarf, white hole, worm hole.

What is left?

Oued El-alendalycée (2012/2013) Third Year, Scientific StreamUnit: Astronomy and the solar system Lesson: Listening

Watch the videos and answer the questions related to them.

Video 1

1. How many moons are there in the solar system?

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2. What are the two regions of the solar system and which are the planets that consist each?

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3. What are the three criteria scientists use to identify planets?

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Celestial bodies: related to sky/heaven (the sun, the moon, the earth etc.)

Video 2

1. What Venus Earth, Mercury and Mars are called? Why?

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2. What Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called?

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Video 3

1. What the flames erupting from the sun surface are called?

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2. What the black cool areas in the sun are called?

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3. How much is the temperature at the surface of the sun?………………………………………………………………………………………………………