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The organelles of plant and animal cells
Generalized plant cell
Generalized animal cell
cell wall
• Provides structural support to the cell
cell membrane• Semi-permeable• Acts as a
gatekeeper, controlling what can enter or leave the cell
cytoplasm• The fluid matrix that holds all the organelles
in place • Composed of 80% water• Location of many chemical reactions• Consists of the everything contained inside
the cell membrane
nucleus• The nucleus controls the activities of the
cell through the code stored in the DNA• The chromatin (which become visible as
chromosomes during cell division) contains the DNA (genetic material)
• The nuclear membrane protects the DNA and allows transport of material in and out of the nucleus.
endoplasmic reticulum• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is connected
and continuous with the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane
• It forms a transportation network throughout the cell
ribosomes• Produced by the nucleolus (in the nucleus)• Create proteins which are the building blocks
of many structures• Found in the cytoplasm and on some kinds of
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus• A series of folded membranes that packages
and transports products• Small membrane bound structures called
vesicles are pinched off and carry the materials out of the cell
vesicles• Membrane covered sacs produced by
Golgi apparatus that store and transport materials– Can fuse with the cell membrane to
transport materials out of the cell
vacuole• Vacuoles store:
– food– water– wastes
• The central vacuole of a mature plant cell is often quite large
• Animal cells often have several small vacuoles
mitochondrion• Create energy from food (glucose)
chloroplast• The sites of
photosynthesis (production of glucose from sunlight, water and CO2)
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
• There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small
• Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3
Copy and Complete Cell size
1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3
Surface area
Volume
SA:Vol ratio
Copy and Complete Cell size
1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3
Surface area 1x1x6=6mm2
2x2x6=24 mm2
3x3x6=54 mm2
Volume
SA:Vol ratio
Copy and Complete Cell size
1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3
Surface area 1x1x6=6mm2
2x2x6=24 mm2
3x3x6=54 mm2
Volume 1x1x1=1 mm3
2x2x2=8 mm3
3x3x3=27 mm3
SA:Vol ratio
Copy and Complete Cell size
1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3
Surface area 1x1x6=6mm2
2x2x6=24 mm2
3x3x6=54 mm2
Volume 1x1x1=1 mm3
2x2x2=8 mm3
3x3x3=27 mm3
SA:Vol ratio 6:16
24:83
54:272
Surface Area to Volume Ratio• There is a reason why plant and animal
cells must remain small
• Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3
• The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio• There is a reason why plant and animal
cells must remain small
• Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3
• The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient.
• Predict the SA:Vol ratio for a cell that is .5mm3
The end
