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THE ORCHID REVIEW.
:
THE
N
\5
ORCHID REVIEWDEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY
# # #
VOLUME XV1907
# #
X011D011
MARSHALL BROTHERS,
LTD.,
KESWICK HOUSE, PATERNOSTER ROW,is
E.C
[The right of reproduction
reserved.]
.
Bot. Garden
1908
uo volume
-
We maystill
And
read and read,find
read again, andto
Something
something new please, and something to instruct
.
.
:
Subscriptions for 1907 areVol. XV.
now
due.[No.169.
JANUARY,
1907.
THE
ORCHID REVIEW:Hn 3UustvateoflDontbly 3ourual of rcbiDolog^.
Obituary: Ernest
Pfit/.er
PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY.
53 N PER 5 50N5 m^,
Largest Importers and Growersof Orchids in the World.. . .
William Bull ORCHIDS. & Sons WORLD- RENOWN EDHYBRID, ESTABLISHED AND IMPORTED.Catalogue free on application.
y6
KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA. LONDON.
NOTICESpublished regularly al the beginning of each month, The post free, 7/-, payable in advance. A 6d. net. price can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or bound in cloth, I. to XV. Volumes of postage: book post, od. per volume; parcel post within the United Cost extra. Kingdom only, sd. per single volume (series by weight). Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free through* Advertisements, Communications and Books for review, should All Subscriptions,is
ORCHID REVIEW
be addressed -.The Editor of the Orchid Review, Lawn Crescent, Kew. Postal Orders (sent as above) should be made payable to Frank Leslie Cheques and safety in transit, should be crossed " & Co." Co., and, to ensure
&
Agents for copies supplied through the Trade
E.C.
MARSHALL BROTHERS, Kesw IC k House, Paternoster Row, London, SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.
subjectster
(which
should
be
than the 24th of the month,
CHARLESWORTH & C? HEATON,
BRADFORD.
Raisers, Growers, Importers, and Exporters.THE ONLY EXCLUSIVE ORCHID NURSERIESVery many thousandsot
IN
EUROPE.
ut flowered Hybrid Seedlmga and Imported Orchids always in Stock.
Most Valuable and
Extensive
Collection
in
the
Trade.
THE ORCHIDJANUARY,1907.
REVIEW.
EVENTS OFThe
1906.it
year just closed has been a notable one for Orchidology, though
has not been marked by such a sensational event as the rediscovery of the long-lost Cypripedium or Paphiopedilum Fairrieanum, for which 1905 willlong be famous.In addition to the Hybridisation Conference, in which
Orchids occupied a prominent place, there was the Special Diploma Competition of the Royal Horticultural Society, extending throughout the year,the results of which have been reported in our pages
month by month.
Evidence of the growing popularity of these beautiful plants is also seen in the establishment of an Orchid Society in Germany, which has begun to publish a monthly work under the title Orchis, of which several numbershave been issued.Exhibitions.
The Orchid
exhibits at the fortnightly meetings of the R.H.S. have beenin
above the average, and, we believe, have not been equalledyear, either in extent or excellence.
any previous
Gold Medal has been awarded on thirteen different occasions, while four Lindley Medals and About forty First-class fifteen Cultural Commendations have been given. Certificates and no Awards of Merit have been issued, besides numerous given to plants of special interest, though not showy Botanical Certificates,
The
Society's
enough
for
general
culture.
The Temple Show maintained
its
high
standard of excellence, and the
Summer Show, which
this time returned to
Holland House, Kensington, also witnessed a very fine display. The meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society have also been The large number of Awards have been made. very successful, and a practically went to Orchids, being awarded to Veitchian Cup this yearMessrs. Sander and Sonsfor their magnificent
group of Orchids and new
and rare plants shown
at the
Temple Show.Novelties.
have been described, though the majority good many novelties appeared at an earlier date, and a good many are chiefly of botanical interest. however, is a striking species from Annam, Coelogyne Mooreana,
A
2
THE ORCHID REVIEW.
[January,
1907.
And the which has gained a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. appearance of two new Cattleyas, C. Jenmanii and C. Forgetiana, isdecidedly interesting.
we hope
will
prove as
Oncidium amenableO.
Claesii
is
a very
to cultivation as
handsome species, and O. macranthum, whichis also
belongs to the same group.very handsome.
X
Stanleyi, a supposed natural hybrid,
Saccolabium rubescens and Renanthera annamensis
are
two very pretty introductions from Annam, which country promises to yield Pleione yunnanensis (figured at page a considerable number of novelties. 81) is a handsome thing, previously described from dried specimens, but now introduced to cultivation, and similar remarks apply to Cymbidium insigne, Cypripedium tibeticum, and Disa erubescens. Hybrids.Hybrids have been very numerous, and include two new Odontiodas,O. heatonensis and O. Bohnhoffige, Sophrolselia Phroso, BrassocattleyasMrs. Francis Wellesley, Cordelia, Digbyano-Forbesii,Pyrrha, and
The Baron,
Erotion,
Madame Hye,
Brassolselias
fladosa and
Lelieuxii, Brasso-
epidendrum stamfordiense, Brassocattlaelia balarucensis, elegans-Digbyana and Tring Park Hybrid, and numerous additions to familiar genera whichit
would take too long
to repeat here,
though we must make an exception
in the case of
Odontoglossum.
The hybrids
of this popular genus are
now
rapidly increasing, and theElaine,
past year has seen
some notable
additions,
asO. X Fowlerianum, X
X Eurydice, X Urania, X W. H. Hatcher, X Terpsichore, X ashlandense, X Una, and the interesting secondary hybrid O. X Stewartianum. O. Xan interesting natural hybrid from O. gloriosum and Hunnewellianum. M. Ch. Vuylsteke again staged a fine group of seedlings at theis
Hudsoni
Temple Show, andissue (pp. 240, 241).
eight of the
more striking were figured in our August The handsome O. X Thompsonianum has also been
raised again, while O. platychilum, longlast
known from
plant, has at a singleartificial
been introduced in quantity. A few blotched " crispums " of origin have also appeared, and augur well for future developments.
Certificated Orchids,as already indicated, have been exceptionally numerous, of those which gained a First-class Certificate from
and an
analysis
the R.H.S. during the
year shows thirteen Cattleyas, of which C. Mossiae, C. labiata and C. X Fabia claim two each, eight Cypripediums, five Odontoglossums, four
Cymbidiums,Fowler's var.,
two Brassocattleyas, with Aerides Houlletianum, Arachnanthe annamensis, Bulbophyllum virescens, Coelogyne"
and
(which must be amended to Brassocatlslia Veitchii), Lissochilus Horsfallii a very handsome ^intro-
Mooreana, " Laelio-Brasso-Cattleya Veitchii
duction Sobralia Holfordi, and Sophrocattleya warnhamensis,
var. Cerise.
January,
1907.]
THE ORCHID REVIEW.Other Events.mayin
3
Several other interesting events of the year
be mentioned
in
passing.
The"
discovery of Goodyera repens in Norfolk and the rediscovery of Cypriin
pedium Calceolus
Yorkshire have been recorded
our pages, the Mendelian
Laws"
of Inheritance, and Rules of Nomenclature have been discussed, as
well as the question of
Fungus Co-operation
in
Orchid roots
and, by
the
way, has also been
illustrated in our pages.
A good many
of the specially
interesting Orchids of the year have also been illustrated, but considerations
of space prevent us enumerating them, and they are given 384 of our last volume.
in detail at
page
Losses During the Year.has been our melancholy duty to record the decease of several wellknown and highly-respected Orchidists, Count Kerchove, H. M. Pollett,It
J.
E. Vanner, Reginald Young, and G.is
W.
Law-Schofield, while that ofis
Prof. Pfitzer
recordedit
in
our present issue, but their work
in several cases
would be no exaggeration to say that their remembered as long as Orchidology lasts. So much for the past year, which has been one of marked progress. And the future is full of promise. Orchids were never more popular than at present, and the hybridist is abroad, and what he may have in store for usawaited with confidence.
known, and names will be
can be
ONCIDIUM WALUEWA.A noterespecting thehistory ofthis pretty little
Orchid, which was
exhibited by H. T. Pitt, Esq., at the R.H.S. Scientific Committee meeting on November 20th last, may be interesting. It was originally figured and
described by Regel as apulchella (Gartenflora,xl.
new
genus, in 1891, under thet.
name
of
Waluewa
p. 80,
1341,
fig.
1),
being dedicated to Count
P. A. Walujew.
It
is
a native of the Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil,
and was sent by Herr Lietz to the St. Petersburg Botanic Garden, where it flowered. It was described as nearly allied to Gomesa. A comparison of characters, however, shows that it is an Oncidium of the pubes group, and .as there was an Oncidium pulchellum, Hook., a native of the West Indies (Bot. Mag. t. 2773), the generic name had to be utilised, and the species was called Oncidium Waluewa (Rolfe in Kew Hand-List Orch. ed. 2, p. 167). It is a very dwarf species, scarcely three inches high, and produces dwarf racemes of whitish flowers, prettily barred with pink on the petals, andspotted on theandProf.JFl.is
lip.
It
belongs to Lindley's group Tetrapetala micropetala,
nearly allied to O. pubes, Lindl., thoughit
much dwarfer
in habit.
Cogniaux has recently referrediii.
to Leiochilus, as L- pulchellus {Mart.
Bras.
pt. 6, p. 450,
t.
94, fig. 11).
R. A. Rolfe.
THE ORCHID REVIEW.
The
annexed
illustration represents the finefor the
range of Orchid housesrecently
erected
some time agoCastle,
Right Hon. the Earl of Tankerville, at Chillinghamof
Northumberland,
which
we have
learned
a few
particulars from Mr. Hunter.
The range
practically consists of nine houses,
there being a corridor 120 feet in length, attached to a north wall, and
divided into three compartments, and six other houses, each thirty-fivelong, extending from the corridor at right angles,
feet
and running north and
south.
These comprise three Odontoglossum houses, a Cattleya house, a Cypripedium house, and a seedling house, while the three divisions of the corridor are utilised, one for Dendrobiums and Lselias, one for CymbidiumsFive of
tand Miltonias, and the third for a resting house during the winter.
the houses, as will be seen, are span-roofed, and are fifteen feet wide, the
Fig.
1.
Orchid Houses at Chillingham Castle.which and end. Thusare four feet
glass roof resting directly on the brick walls,
high and
furnished with shutters in the sides
all the light
comes
from the glassstates that
roof, including the
ends above the walls,
and Mr. Hunter
These he finds Orchids do much better in houses of this kind. houses have side and centre stages, the former two feet nine inches wide,
and the
latter five feet,
and arranged
in steps, so that the plants
fall
accord-
ing to the slope of the roof.
framework.
Thereis
is
on an iron The stages are of teak, resting coke, while a bottom stage, covered with a layer ofof teak rails, fixed
the upper stage
made
of a free circulation of air.
two There are five rows of hot-water pipes
so as to permit inches apart,in
each
house, these branching from a single pipe running throughout the corridor,
and
all
acting as flows
and
returns.
There are two very powerfulis
boilers,
called the " Ideal," but onlyalternately for a
one
used at a time.
They
are workedagain.
month
at a time,
and cleaned before being started
January
1907.
THE ORCHID REVIEW.
5
The houses
upon thoroughly up-to-date principles, and with an enthusiastic owner and such excellent appliances we may anticipate that the collection under Mr. Hunter's charge will occupy a very importantare constructed
position in the near future.
Richardson
&
Co., of Darlington.
VARIATION IN ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.rtant article
bv M. A. Poirier appears under the above
t
to leave the finer varieties and purchase the poorer ones.tion that the
And
the explana-
more numerous
varieties of recent
years
is
due to the abun-
Hunnewellianum and O. triumphans, which are the equivalents of O. luteopurpureum and O. gloriosum in the Pachodancein the
new districts
of O.
district, is
too erroneous to be passed over.is
O. luteopurpureum, he remarks,
strictly limited to the Cordillera of
Suma and O. Xtheseen, as
Paz, or to the south (Fusagasuga), while O.
Hunnewellianumis
Adrianae
come from
the Velez region, and every grower of experiin
ence would refuse collections of O. crispumits
which luteopurpureum
presence would be an indisputable proof that the crispums will
be pure Alexandras, the form with small, starry-like flowers from the Fusagasuga region. True, large consignments of the bad Fusagasuga type have been sent to Europe as being the finer type from the Velez region, butthe explanationin appearance,is
simple.
The Fusagasugafor
plants are found abundantly
over the whole region, and can be obtained cheaply.
They
are charming conicalto
and are admired
their vigour,
and
their long,
bulbs, flattened at the neck.
They
are
transported to
Pacho and
Chiquinquira, and sold to ignorant collectors at a good price.is
The
trick
highlv successful
;
native dealers are usually unscrupulous, and find that
they have an easy source of income, and the satisfaction of deceiving thestranger
who
relies
only on their word.
The
writer himself, about three
years ago, saw about twenty cases of Fusagasuga crispum on the
way
to
Chiquinquira.
The
fact of these inferior types being
mixed with aThere
large
proportion of the good type from the Velez region explains the large proportion of star-shaped flowers found in collections of crispum.is,
he
remarks, no luteopurpureum in the Velez region.
6
THE ORCHID REVIEW.Thewriteris
[January,
r
9o 7 .
by Mr. Crawshay's remarks about the "districts," San Cayetano, Pacho, La Vega, Chiquinquira, Velez, &c, and the different types found there, and he remarks : " I am familiar with and have traversed these regions, and I would state : i. That in all therather puzzledlocalities
mentioned
except
Chiquinquira
the
sugar-cane thrives, thus2.
indicating a very different climate to that required by O. crispum. there has never yet been seen one crispum in either of these
That
localities..
These
'
districts
'
are but small towns or villages, where, according to their
wont, collectors apply for the special commodity which they are seeking.. Plants are brought to them, which they have but to count over and purchase. This is done by Indians, who range the mountains, upon whichthe collectors themselves never set foot.'
These
travellers then, finding the
posadas
'
more or
less
comfortable, the price of the plants
more or
less high,,
materials for their packing cases times governed by their ownsuccessively at Pacho,
more
or less easily procurable,only,
and someandsettle
wishes
move
about,
La Vega, &c. The favourite districts now are Velez, Bolivar, and Jesus-Maria, new districts,' but not more new than others, as a glance at a map shows that all are adjacent to a small part of the'
whence the true crispums have always been procured. In this part of the Cordillera, and not north, south, east, or west of it, crispum isfound.
Cordillera,
The
centre of the region of crispum
is,
to be exact,is
Sucre Viejo,
formerly called
La Granja by
the natives.
This
a hamlet of from 12 to
15 huts, at an altitude of about 2,500 m., and for years it has been the starting point for explorations in search of crispum." This the writer terms the one and only " district " for crispum, and he asks why Mr. Crawshay
did not mention the districts of Zipaquira, Bogota, Tacatativa, and
Aquafor
some years collectors have quietly waited the plants brought from Sucre Viejo and the neighbourhood ? Concerning the so-called Pacho type," M. Poirier remarks thatfor
Larga localities whence
the
search for O. crispum began towards the south of the region just described. Then, gradually, exploration was pushed good
northward,
and some
'
appear.
At that time Pacho was the meeting-place of
the collectors
;
came thereitself.
and
to sell these
often to
Bogota
from the collector the exact habitat of the plant. Hence the origin of the rme types 'from Pacho,' &c. Collectors, thus mistaken, declare, in all good faith, that a certain variety is from Pacho or elsewhere. But if they went over these mountains they would at once perceive that the plants all came irom one relatively small district around Sucre Viejo. This is the only region yielding, of lateyears, those fine varieties
These intermediaries were careful
w
,
witnessed the purchase of many admirable 1 collector for one of the largest trade growers in England. These
Last year.
now
so
much
affected.
anuary, 1907.J
THE ORCHID REVIEW.
7
may safely be affirmed, from the mountains named Pena Bonita, Pelycadero, La Granja (Sucre Viego), Campo hermoso, &c, a large tract that has belonged since 1898 to the Adonado Rubber Co., Ltd." The meancame,it
temperature of these mountainspersistent throughout the year):
is
given as follows
(and
is
said
to be
At 2000 metres (Cold temperate zone), ioC. (50 F.j to (Cold zone), 8C. (46F.) 2400 5C. (4i*F.) ., 2800 ( ), Q (Very cold zone), oC. {$2 F.). 3000 ,, ,,..
202C. (68F.).i8C. (64F.).
I5*C. (59*F.).u^'C.154^1'.).
"
It
is
towards an altitude of 2400 to 2500
metres that the
finest
varieties are usually found.
The
climate
is
fairly
mild, and insects are
numerous.
Of
late years
crispum has been sent from the mountains of theThis accountsfor a
cold and very cold zones, where there are no insects.scarcity of varieties
and a scarcity of fecundated flowers. Last year, on the contrary, a somewhat large quantity of fertilised flowers was found among the plants from the cold temperate mountains, a considerable number being of the finer varieties. At an altitude of about 2400 metres O. Adrians and O. Hunnewellianum are found." The author makes some remarks about hybridisation, admitting the possibility that some of the spotted forms may be hybrids between crispum and Adrianse, and he alludes to Andersonianum, Coradineiand Ruckerianum as species, though they are clearly natural hybrids, but this point may be passed over. The author concludes by saying that it is the Velez region " which has yielded, and will yield, perhaps for a long time to come, the best type of O. crispum," including many specimens of roseum, and he finally remarks : " I beg M. de Barri Crawshay to believe that I do not in the least impugn his good faith, but it is necessary, nevertheless, toexplain the true state of the case.
"Cypripedium Record. The Earl
of Tankerville,
at
Chillingham
Castle, has succeeded in flowering a Cypripedium, the result of crossing C.
X Leeanum Clinkaberryanum andmonths fromandseeds.
C. insigne Harefield Hall, in eighteen
Mr. Hunter, the. '
head;
gardenerflowered,
at
Chillingham1906.'
Castle, sends the record
Sown May, 1905
November,
no doubt about the identity of the fine hybrid just flowered, as but few were sown before that date, and none which could be confounded with the cross in question. Another plant of the same batchstates that there can beis
about to flower, and
it
will
probably be shown at a meeting of the Royalto flower
Horticultural Society.
The
first
would have been shown butii.
for
the bloom sustaining an accident."
Gard. Chron. 1906,
p. 385.
THE ORCHID REVIEW.
L^LIO-CATTLEYA PHRYNE.L.ELio-cattleya Phryneraised by Messrs.is
a very beautiful hybrid which
was
James Veitch & Sons from Cattleya Wars