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The Opposing Sides. Chapter 11 Section 1. Choosing Sides. Once the Civil War began, hundreds of military officers had to choose to support the Union or Confederacy Robert E. Lee-> one the best officers in the U.S. Army, chose the Confederacy over commanding the Union Army - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 11 Section 1
The Opposing Sides
Once the Civil War began, hundreds of military officers had to choose to support the Union or ConfederacyRobert E. Lee-> one the best officers in the
U.S. Army, chose the Confederacy over commanding the Union ArmyAbout 1/3 of all officers joined the Confederacy
Choosing Sides
South contained 7 of 8 military schools = well trained military leaders and a military advantage
North had ¾ of U.S. Navy’s officers, also contained most of U.S. warships and shipyards (South had 1)
Choosing Sides
Robert E. Lee
What military advantages did the North and the South have at the start of the Civil War?
Review
What military advantages did the North and the South have at the start of the Civil War?
One-third of the Union’s military officers resigned and joined the Confederacy. The South had a strong military tradition. Seven of the eight military colleges were in the South, so the South had a large number of trained army officers.
The North had a strong naval tradition. Three-fourths of the U.S. Navy’s officers were from the North. The North had a large pool of trained sailors from merchant ships. Most of the navy’s warships and all but one shipyard were under Union control.
Review
NorthLarger populationIndustrial: produced all war materials=more than
90% of clothing, 93% of unrefined iron=weapons and equipment, produced majority of firearms and gunpowder
Better transportation: more railroad availabilityFinancial: controlled the National Treasury,
revenue from tariffs, The banks held large reserves of money, could pass legislation to raise funds ex. Legal Tender Act (Greenbacks)
Fighting for just cause
Advantages
Greenbacks
Greenbacks
SouthHad strong military leadershipGood source of food Fighting for just causeOnly had 1 Railroad
Advantages
How was having a larger population than the South an advantage for the North?
What was a problem with a 1/3 of the South’s population?
In your opinion, what was the North’s greatest advantage?
Review
SouthIndustrial: limited resources (only one factory
able to manufacture cannons=Tredegar Iron Works),
Transportation: limited railroads ,only had one rail line connecting East to West in Confederacy (Memphis to Chattanooga)
Financial: couldn’t raise sufficient funds for the war effortEventually taxed southerners=very upset
Disadvantages
In your opinion, which disadvantage was the most crippling for the South?
Review
As the Civil War began, President Lincoln’s main goal was to preserve the UnionBoth parties were going to challenge his
policies in the processTwo Factions of Northern Democrats:
1. War Democrats->supported the war & opposed ending slavery
2. Peace Democrats (Copperheads)-> opposed war and called for reuniting through negotiation
Party Politics in the North
Abraham Lincoln
War Democrats
Copperheads
One major disagreement between Democrats and Republicans concerned civil libertiesIn 1862, Congress passed a militia law
requiring states to use conscription (Draft)Many Democrats opposed it
President Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus- for anyone who openly supported or encouraged others to resist military draft
Party Politics in the North
Conscription
How were Northern Democrats divided over the Civil War?
What was put into place by Congress and eventually caused tensions to rise within the Democratic Party?
Review
Even though he had no opposition in the South, Jefferson Davis still faced political problemsConfederate Constitution
Emphasized state’s rights and limited central government’s powerOften interfered w/ his ability to conduct war
Jefferson Davis also ran into problems when he supported conscription->enforced by martial lawHis own Vice-President Alexander Stephens
disagreed, objected to forcing people to join the armyDavis eventually also suspended writs of habeas corpus
Weak Southern Government
Jefferson Davis
U.S. Civil War put major gov’ts in Europe in a difficult situationU.S. didn’t want European interferenceConfederate leaders wanted the exact
opposite-> especially the BritishWanted British to declare Union blockade illegal
and assist the ConfederatesBritain and France->depended on the South’s cotton
Some Southern planters refused to sell cotton to them unless they recognized the Confederacy
The Diplomatic Challenges
British and French met with the Conf. in May 1861Neither nation was going to recognize the Conf.
until they witnessed decisive victories in the conflict
Trent Affair -> James Mason (Britain) and John Slidell (France), Conf. ministers to Britain and France, were to leave for EuropeSlipped past the blockade and boarded the British
ship TrentCharles Wilkes Union captain of the San Jacinto
intercepted the ship and arrested Mason and Slidell Were eventually released due the threat of war with Britain
The Diplomatic Challenges
Trent Affair
Trent Affair
Why did the Confederacy want Britain and France to recognize them?
Why did the Union want to avoid war with Britain?
Review Question
1st Modern WarEconomic and political situation was very
important to outcomeInvolved huge armies->made up mostly of
civilian volunteers Required vast amount of supplies and
equipment
The First “Modern” War
By 1850’s French and American inventors had improved the new bullet->conoidal->cone shapedMore accurate fire
Troops defended positions using trenches and barricades to protect themselvesCaused deadly situation for attackersLed to high casualties->attrition
Advantage North-> larger pop.
The First “Modern” War