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The Ontological Argument 1. If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2. Existing in reality is greater than existing in the understanding alone. 3. [So] If the GBI existed in the understanding alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GBI being greater. 5. [So] The GBI does not exist in the understanding alone. 6. God exists in reality.

The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

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Page 1: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Ontological Argument1. If the GBI exists in the understanding alone,

we can imagine it existing in reality.2. Existing in reality is greater than existing in

the understanding alone.3. [So] If the GBI existed in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GBI being greater.5. [So] The GBI does not exist in the

understanding alone.6. God exists in reality.

Page 2: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 3: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 4: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Ontological Argument1. If the GBI exists in the understanding alone,

we can imagine it existing in reality.2. Existing in reality is greater than existing in

the understanding alone.3. [So] If the GBI existed in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GBI being greater.5. [So] The GBI does not exist in the

understanding alone.6. God exists in reality.

Page 5: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Ontological Argument1. If the GII exists in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it existing in reality.2. Existing in reality is greater than existing

in the understanding alone.3. [So] If the GII existed in the understanding

alone, we can imagine it being greater. 4. We can’t imagine the GII being greater.5. [So] The GII does not exist in the

understanding alone.6. Paradise in reality.

Page 6: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 7: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Fallabilist Response

Page 8: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

To analyze a concept X is to give identify the right necessary and sufficient conditions for X.Y is a necessary condition for X just in case something is X only if it’s Y.Y is a sufficient condition for X just in case something is X if it’s Y.Something is X if and only if (iff) .

Page 9: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 10: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 11: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

“knowledge is true judgment with an

account”

Page 12: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Tripartite Analysis: S knows that p iff S has a true justified belief that p.

Page 13: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 14: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 15: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 16: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing
Page 17: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Evil Demon Argument

1) I can’t be certain I’m not being deceived by an evil demon.

2) If (1), then I can’t know anything about the external world.

3) I can’t know anything about the external world.

Page 18: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Knowledge Thesis: In order to know something you have to be certain (in the sense that you have to rule out all other alternatives).The Fallabilist Response: Knowledge is justified true belief and justification does not require certainty, so knowledge doesn’t require certainty either.

Page 19: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing

The Evil Demon Argument

1) I can’t be certain I’m not being deceived by an evil demon.

2) If (1), then I can’t know anything about the external world.

3) I can’t know anything about the external world.

Page 20: The Ontological Argument 1.If the GBI exists in the understanding alone, we can imagine it existing in reality. 2.Existing in reality is greater than existing