The NorthChapter 11

The Industrial Revolution in America

Section 1

The Industrial Revolution in America The Big Idea

The Industrial Revolution transformed the way goods were produced in the United States.

Mills and factories started to develop because of the Industrial Revolution

Beginning of the Industrial Revolution Main Idea 1:

The invention of new machines in Great Britain led to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Great Britain

Beginning of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial

Revolution, a period of rapid growth using machines to make goods, arose in Great Britain in the mid-1700s The Industrial

Revolution changes the way people live and work

An American industry worker

Beginning of the Industrial Revolution Richard Arkwright, an Englishman, invented a

spinning machine in 1769 called the water frame, which replaced hand spinning for textiles.

The water frame used flowing water as a source of power.

Could produce dozens of cotton threads at the same time

Lowered the cost of cotton production and increased the speed of textile production

The spinning water frame

Beginning of the Industrial Revolution The first breakthrough in the Industrial

Revolution was in how textiles, or cloth goods, were made.

Great Britain soon built the world’s most productive textile manufacturing industry.

Textiles are things like cloth and the fabrics we use to make

clothingA textile factory

New Machines and Processes Main Idea 2:

The development of new machines and processes brought the Industrial Revolution to the United States.

New Machines and Processes Samuel Slater brought the

secret of textile mill manufacturing from Great Britain to the United States.

New Machines and Processes

The Industrial Revolution in America begins in New England – the North Eastern part of America shown here in red

A New England Factory

New Machines and Processes New England was ideal for the change

because…Faming was difficult due to poor soilThere were plenty of rivers for factory powerThere were plenty of

ports for tradeMerchants had capital

(money) to invest in

factories

Factories were near the rivers

New Machines and Processes U.S. factories needed better technology,

or tools, to manufacture muskets.

Inventor Eli Whitney developed musket factories using water-powered machinery.

Eli Whitney’s factory

New Machines and Processes Whitney introduced the idea of interchangeable

parts, or parts of a machine that are identical, to make musket manufacturing easier.

Interchangeable parts sped up the process of mass production, which is the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods.

Slow Start in Manufacturing Main Idea 3:

Despite a slow start in manufacturing, the United States made rapid improvements because of the War of 1812.

President Jefferson passed the Embargo Act to avoid war. In the end, it ended up helping manufacturing in the US because the US couldn’t count on other countries for goods.

Slow Start in Manufacturing The War of 1812 cut off trade with Great Britain,

allowing manufacturing in the United States to prosper and expand.

Americans realized that the United States had been relying too heavily on foreign goods.