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The NHD and the Future of The NHD and the Future of Stream Mapping in West VirginiaStream Mapping in West Virginia
Jackie StragerNatural Resource Analysis Centerwww.nrac.wvu.edu
Evan FedorkoKevin Kuhn
Kurt DonaldsonWV GIS Technical Center
wvgis.wvu.edu
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Introduction
• Outline of this seminar:– Existing stream map: 24K NHD
• Uses of the NHD• Issues with 24K NHD • Case study: Stream modifications in the Coal River
– Current stream mapping: Local NHD• What is the local NHD?• Progress to date and questions
– What’s next: Stewardship and the future of NHD• NHD stewardship and maintenance • Future of NHD
– Discussion
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
NHD Status in WV
• National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)• USGS standard for mapped surface waters
• NHD is complete in WV for:– Medium resolution (1:100,000 scale)– High resolution (1:24,000)
• Local resolution NHD (1:4,800) – Pilot projects nearing completion– Gauley– Upper Guyandotte
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
NHD at many scales…
1:100,000 scale NHDMedium resolution
32,000 miles of mapped streams statewide
1:24,000 scale NHDHigh resolution
54,000 miles of mapped streams statewide
1:4,800 scale streamsLocal resolution
(approx 50% increase in total mapped length
over 24K NHD)
Sutton Lake
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Benefits of NHD format
• Nationwide standards• Fundamental framework data layer for
The National Map• Consistent format across spatial scales• Data, tools, technical references available from
USGS
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
http://nhd.usgs.gov
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Uses of NHD data
• Cartographic base map product• Flow network model• Stream measures model
Direction of flow
1 mile
2 miles
Measured Routes
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Evaluating the NHD
• What could be improved in 24K NHD in WV?• How was this determined?
– Track known issues (NRAC)– Stream naming/coding process (NRAC/WVDEP)– Systematic statewide review by WVDEP– Case study: mining impacts in the Coal River
watershed
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Issues with 24K NHD
• Main Issues:– Errors in geometry– Errors in attributes– Errors in NHD formatting, reach coding– Changes in stream geometry since streams were
mapped
• Source data for 24K NHD:– 24K DLG data– Topo map blue lines– GNIS names
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Geometry errors
• NHD linework needs to be fixed• Causes:
– Original topo blue line wrong/missing– Error in NHD creation process (rare)
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Geometry errors• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Geometry errors
Kanawha River
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Attribute errors
• Most common: Name errors• NHD name attribute: GNISName• Causes:
– GNIS name incorrect, typos– Name needs to be added to NHD– “Hollows”
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Attribute errors
Whitesville quad, Boone County
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Attribute errors
Trib to North Fork Cherry River,Nicholas County
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
NHD formatting issues
• Reach coding errors– Reaches need to be split – Mainstem/tributaries incorrectly identified
• NHD attributing errors (other than name)– Perennial/intermittent– Other (FCODE)
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
NHD formatting issues
Perennial
Intermittent (?)
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Keeping NHD up to date
• Stream drainage changes• Causes:
– Mining– Road construction– Re-routing of streams, channelization– Braids/channels no longer exist
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Keeping NHD up to date• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
Formerly Fourmile Branch/White Oak CrSylvester quad, Boone County
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Keeping NHD up to date• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Keeping NHD up to date• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
The big picture…• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
Quantifying issues with the NHD
Primarily based on WVDEP review
WV GIS Conference June 2008
The big picture…• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
Quantifying issues with the NHD
Primarily based on WVDEP review
WV GIS Conference June 2008
The big picture (2)…
Type of problemNumber of Segments
% of Segments
Total Length (mi)
Possible geometry error 614 0.28 254
NHD attribute error (FCODE) 6 0.00 3
Karst/sinking streams 291 0.13 107
NHD format error (reaches) 6 0.00 n/a
Name issues (possible) 204 0.09 89
Name issues 1,337 0.62 657
TOTAL 216,579 94,796
• Quantifying 24K NHD issues as identified by WVDEP review
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Coal River case study
• Goal: Quantify amount of stream drainage change related to mining for southern WV watershed
• Input datasets:– 24K NHD stream lines– 1:4,800 local stream lines– 2003 SAMB aerial photos– 2007 NAIP aerial photos
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Original 24K NHD• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
2003 Aerial photos• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
2003Photo
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Mining visible in 2003• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
2003Photo
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Aerial photos 2007• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
2007Photo
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Mining visible 2007• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
2007Photo
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Summary for 24K NHD in Coal
Description Area (acres)
Length of 24K streams
(mi)
Entire Coal watershed 570,000 2,232
Impacted by mining (2003) 12,321 59
Impacted by newer mining (2007)
10,757 33
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Local resolution NHD
• Local streams mapped from 2003 SAMB aerial photography and 3m DEM
• Benefits:– Better cartographic base for local mapping– Captures changes in stream geometry, length
• Uses:– Emergency and floodplain management– Water quality permitting– Water resources inventory– Other local/municipal level projects
• Status:– Pilot projects nearly complete for Gauley, Upper Guyandotte
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Local NHD issues
• Level of detail varies• Special situations: ditches and culverts• Changes in stream geometry• Using final product: need for stream
generalization?
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Issue: Detail varies• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Issue: Ditches and culverts• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Issue: Geometry updates
• Streams change constantly• Coal River case study
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Coal case study: Local• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Coal case study: Local
Description Area (acres)
Length of streams
(mi)
Length of streams
(mi)
24K 1:4,800
Entire Coal watershed 570,000 2,232 2,829
Impacted by mining (2003) 12,321 59 n/a
Impacted by newer mining (2007)
10,757 33 38
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Future of NHD for WV…
• Goal: Stewardship plan for NHD in WV– Data updates– Ensures data maintenance– Central point of contact
• Additional considerations– NHD generalization?– Completion of local NHD statewide?
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
http://webhosts.cr.usgs.gov/steward/
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• In response to production wrapping up and major partners reducing their role, USGS has envisioned a stewardship program.
• What does the USGS mean by “stewardship?”– Two goals:
• A process by which we ensure that data continues to evolve and reflect changes on the ground as well as correct existing errors
• Bring users with local knowledge to the table
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• USGS loosely defines two roles:– Data steward
• Supervision and management of edits to the data• A trustworthy, trained “super-user”
– “Contributors”• Less well defined – those with ‘knowledge’ about
hydrography on the ground• This is essentially “everyone else”
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• So, stewardship generally is envisioned to be arranged as such:
National NHD Database
State NHD Steward
“Contributors”
Well documented!
Murky!
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• USGS has developed a robust editing tool for THE STEWARD’S use, the NHDGeoEditTool.
• They have also aided in the coordination of stewards.
• The process of actually collecting edits is being left up to the individual stewards.
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• Enter the NHD Community!
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• Several states are developing methodologies and tools for NHD stewardship
• Most states favor a “targeted audience” approach that also includes the general public:
State NHD Steward
Stewardship Partners(e.g., DEP, DNR, USFS)
General Public
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
Stewardship
• What should West Virginia do?– Identify principal steward(s)– Consolidate key stakeholders– Critically examine existing NHD data– Discuss the ways in which NHD data is utilized– Develop a stewardship plan
• Introduction• NHD 24K• NHD local• Stewardship
WV GIS Conference June 2008
DiscussionNatural Resource Analysis CenterNatural Resource Analysis Center
West Virginia UniversityWest Virginia Universitywww.nrac.wvu.eduwww.nrac.wvu.edu
WV GIS Technical CenterWV GIS Technical CenterWest Virginia UniversityWest Virginia University
wvgis.wvu.eduwvgis.wvu.edu