The Nexus of Water and Energy Efficiency

A Water Treatment

Engineering, Equipment &

Chemical Company

Objectives

Why save water?

Where and how to save water?

Evaporative condensers and other measures

Value of Water Management Programs

Protect Equipment Assets

Less Expensive than water & energy

Improved automation

Safer Chemistry

Why Save Water?

Droughts

Limited Water Supply High Water & Sewage

Costs

Location Water & Sewage Costs

Southern California $ 14.00

Las Vegas $ 4.42

Seattle $ 16.90

NYC $ 12.39

Chicago $ 6.51

Miami $ 7.25

Current Situation: Drastic Change

Delta LA Aqueduct

Colorado River Aqueduct State Water

Project

Sierra Mountains

Local Groundwater & Storm water

Conservation & Recycling

Los Angeles Water Resources

Water Withdrawals by State

USGS, 2005

Population Impact

USGS, 2005

Innovation & Conservation

CITY OF LOS ANGELES WATER USE AND

POPULATION

599

541

2.83

3.86

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

Fiscal Year Ending June 30

Th

ou

san

d A

cre

-Feet

0

1

2

3

4

Po

pu

lati

on

in

Mil

lio

ns

Water Demand Population

123 gallons/person/day

Since 1970 to present, L.A.'s population has grown

by 1.0 million people

Water Use and Population

What Does This Mean?

Recap US Population is growing and more potable water is

required

More People = More Food = More Irrigation

More People = More Goods = More Energy = More Water

When you look at how water is used, water and energy are intimately tied together

Industry has a responsibility to conserve on water and energy. Sophisticated companies understand their importance on the sustainability of their operations.

The Water Energy Nexus

Water Energy Nexus

USGS, 2005

Interrelationships Between Water & Energy

USGS, 2005

Water Usage By Application

Public19%

Domestic0%

Irrigation77%

Livestock0%

Aquaculture0%

Industrial0%

Mining2%

Power2%

Arizona Water Usage

Public

Domestic

Irrigation

Livestock

Aquaculture

Industrial

Mining

Power

Public15%

Domestic1%

Irrigation53%

Livestock1%

Aquaculture1%

Industrial0%

Mining1%

Power28%

California Water Usage

Public

Domestic

Irrigation

Livestock

Aquaculture

Industrial

Mining

Power

USGS, 2005

Public11%

Domestic1%

Irrigation31%

Livestock1%

Aquaculture2%

Industrial4%

Mining1%

Power49%

USA Water Usage

Public

Domestic

Irrigation

Livestock

Aquaculture

Industrial

Mining

Power

California Statutes

Cal. [Public Resource] Code § 25008; State policy; energy and water conservation; alternate supply sources; energy or water facilities at state-owned sites

Cal. [Public Resource] Code § 25402; Reduction of wasteful, uneconomic, inefficient or unnecessary consumption of energy

Cal. [Water] Code § 371; Definitions. Allocation-Based Conservation Water Pricing

Cal. [Water] Code § 522; Further Findings; reduction of energy consumption

Cal. [Water] Code § 90-29; Cooperation with United States, state, municipalities, districts, etc.

If you could save millions of gallons of water,

WOULD YOU?

One Million Gallons

$7,000 water savings

$6,000 sewage savings

$13,000 total annual savings

3,700 kWh National Renewable Energy Lab and USEPA derived standard

.0037 kWh/gal

Enough water

to sustain 12

families for one

year

One Million Gallons

Water Energy Nexus

12,500 kWh

One Million Gallons

Water Conservation &

Water Reuse

Evaporative Cooling Tower

Steam – Heat Removed

Minerals

Concentrating

City

Water Bleed – Remove Solids

100 Ton Tower 24/7/365

40% load

What enables programs to operate with higher cycles?

Water Treatment Automation

Probes; TDS, pH, Flow, Temperature,

Inhibitor level, Water Meters

Controller that manages water

treatment program

Wireless Two Way

Communication, alarming and

Data Management via WEB

Solid Chemistry used to reduce

the risk of hazardous chemicals

on site

No Pumps – Eductors used to

administer Inhibitor

The Value of Automation

Monitoring Makeup and Bleed

Water Usage

The Value of Automation

Controller Controller

Date MU Meter Date BLD Meter Cycles

1/10/2014 11:59 PM 2139 1/10/2014 11:59 PM 330 6.5

1/11/2014 11:53 PM 2173 1/11/2014 11:53 PM 363 6.0

Makeup and Bleed Water Meters

are logged

The Value of Automation

Desired Bleed Set

Point

Chemical Levels

Tower Overflowing

Designed to protect equipment assets from Scale, Corrosion and Biological Fouling

Water Treatment program is less expensive than water

Water Treatment program is less expensive than energy due to scaled condensers

Chemistry only works if it can be monitored & controlled within set parameters

Technology to remotely manage water treatment programs is getting better at lower costs

Water Treatment Service Program

Water Savings Incentives & Rebates Performance Based Incentive Programs • Calculated at $1.75 - $3.00 per 1,000 gallons of water

saved annually

• Incentives are paid upon verified installation and

operation of pre-approved projects.

Water Conservation Measures • Water districts offer free water saving devices.

Evaporation Credits • Do not charge sewage for evaporated water

EnergyOUT™ is an innovative solution that provides substantial

energy savings and improved steam quality for customers

operating steam boilers.

This energy reduction program combines U.S. Water’s chemical

solutions with a complete reverse osmosis (RO) system.

Boiler Treatment Program

EnergyOUT™ maximizes water

quality in your boiler resulting in

fuel savings from reduced boiler

blowdown and lower chemical

usage.

In addition, EnergyOUT™ allows

you to increase fuel efficiency

without significant capital costs by

packaging the equipment and

chemical into an operating lease

that is competitive with chemical

only programs.

Boiler Treatment Program

Water Reuse Drivers

Water Availability

Quantity

Quality

Wastewater Treatment Capability

Regulations

Infrastructure

Water & Wastewater Costs

$2.00 - 15.00/1000 gallons roundtrip

Corporate Sustainability

Water Reduction Targets

Energy (BTU) Reduction Targets

Amount of Wastewater Reused

Reclaimed, 8%

2012 EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse

~42,000,000,000 gallons of municipal wastewater generated per day.

Why Reuse Water?

Environmental compliance regulations get stricter each year

Water costs are going up

POTW Infrastructure is Declining & Populations are Growing

Public scrutiny of industry is growing

Water use needs to be minimized to ensure continued industry growth

Companies are understanding the importance of sustainability

Areas of Water Reuse

Agricultural Irrigation Urban Reuse (landscape, irrigation, golf courses) Ground Water Recharge Seawater Intrusion Barrier Industrial Reuse Natural Systems and other uses Recreational Impoundments Geothermal Energy

Reuse Water Considerations - Utilities

Scale – Heat Transfer Loss, Plugging Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Barium (Ba),

Strontium (Sr)

Carbonate (CO3=), Phosphate (PO4

-3), Sulfate (SO4

=), Silicate (SiO2=)

Corrosion – Equipment Life (Metallurgy) Total Hardness (Ca, Mg)

Manganese (Mn) – Mild & Stainless Steel

M-Alkalinity

Fouling

pH

Chloride (Cl-) - Stainless Steel

Ammonia (NH3) – Copper (Cu), Admiralty Brass

Reuse Water Considerations - Utilities

Fouling – Heat Transfer Loss, Plugging Iron (Fe)

Silica

Organics

Dirt, Dust, TSS

Extracellular Polysaccharides (EPS)

Microbiological – Fouling, MIC Potential Pathogens (LP)

Nutrients - NH3, P

TOC/BOD - Food

Reuse Five (5) Phase Approach

Phase 1: Evaluation (Feasibility)

Phase 2: Detailed Engineering Plan

Phase 3: Construction

Phase 4: Start-up & Transition

Phase 5: On-going Support

Recent Success Story

Southern California Hospital

Cooling Tower Project

Automation

$ 76,000 Savings Water & Sewage

Southern California Peaking Plant

using reclaimed water in cooling

towers

Major Grocery Chain Transitioning to

fully automated cooling tower control

Reach Your Full Water and Energy Savings Potential