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The Next big Thing
Colorado Space Grant Consortium
Seminar
Dr. James R. Stuart
11 November 2010
Brief History of Space
Commercial Space Achievements by
Government and Big Corporations
Beginnings of Entrepreneurial Space
Privatization
Visionary Space Entrepreneurs and their
Projects
1813 William Moore
1903 Konstantin Tsiolovsky
1915 NACA formed
1926 Robert Goddard - first liquid rocket
1938 Werner von Baun - V2 rocket prototype
1945 Arthur C. Clarke - “Extra-Terrestrial Relays”
1957 USSR Sputnik
1958 NASA formedSputnik
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
Dr. Wernher von Braun
Dr. Jim Van Allen
Dr. Bill Pickering
1957 Vanguard
1958 NASA/JPL‟s Explorer-1
1960 von Braun - Director of NASA MSFC
1961 Yuri Gregarin - 1st tourist orbits Earth
1961 Alan Shepard - 1st USA suborbital
1962 John Glenn - orbits Earth
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
1962 AT&T Telstar satellite
1963 Joe Walker - X-15 to 67 miles
1964 Intelsat formed - 120 countries
1969 Moon Landing
Syncom-3
Telstar-2 5/63
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
1981 First Shuttle Launch
Dr. Joe Allen 1984
1984
1984
2003
1986
Challenger
Columbia
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
1986-2001 USSR/Russian MIR Space Station
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
Oct. 15, 2010
1998-Present International Space Station
Raffaello
module
Cupola
Observatory
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
International Space Station
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
1997 Mars Rover - Pathfinder
2004 Mars Rovers - Spirit and Opportunity
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
2005 Saturn‟s Titan Lander - ESA Huygens
2006 Saturn‟s Enceladus
o WATER
Cassini Flew
„through‟
Water Geysers
Underground
Water Ocean
Brief History of Space (cont‟d)
Water Ice
and Ice Crystal Snowfall
Underground
Water Ocean
Surface Methane Lakes:
Cabeus Crater
LCROSS
10/09
2008 Titan 2nd Underground Ocean Discovered
»
2008 Mars Lander Phoenix
2009/10 Lunar Ice
In South Pole Craters (~Great Salt Lake)
In North Pole Craters (600M MT)
Global thin H2O film layer
Surface Ice Volcanoes, Weather, Rivers, Methane Lakes
Charlie Ergen (56)
Dr. John Malone (68)
GPSo 1960‟s TRANSIT
o 1972 developmental flight tests at White Sands
o 1978 launch of first Block-I GPS satellite
o > 70 B$ global commercial revenues by 2013
DirecTV, Liberty, EchoStar, etc.o Dr. John Malone
Yale BA EE/Econ, JHU MSIM, PhD OR
1973 CEO of TCI
1998 sold for 48B$
o Charlie Ergen
MBA, Professional Gambler
1970‟s: sold Big dishes
1980 founded Echostar
Value >6B$
Orbital Sciences Corp.Founded 1983
Rene Anselmo - Maverick Privatized Sat Com Industry
“Truth and Technology will Triumph
Over Bullshit and Bureaucracy”
o 1963 Founded Spanish International Network
o 1984 Founded PANAMSAT
o 1987 Sold SIN (UNIVISION) for $80M
o 1988 Launched PAS-1
Refurbished Satellite, 1st Ariane 4 Launch
Broke INTELSAT Monopoly
1991 NYT Cartoon Ad - „My Dog Spot‟
Urinating on legs of problem politicians
o 1995 Died at 69 (2 days before IPO)
o 2004 PANAMSAT sold for $2.6B
Rene Anselmo
Rene Anselmo
Maverick
Privatized
Sat Com Industry
Drs. Joe Allen, Max Faget - First Private Space Station effort
• 1982 and 1984 Shuttle Astronaut
• 1985 Joined Space Industries Inc.
Founded 1982 by Max Faget
INDUSTIAL SPACE FACILITY
Private/Government Partnership
• 1988 Reagan requested $700M
No Congress Approval
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Max Faget
Dr. Joe Allen
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Orbital Sciences Corp
o 1982 Founding
o 1984 $50M LP Raise
o 1986 $160M in TOS Sales
o 1990 Pegasus 1st Launch
o 1990 IPO (NYSE: ORB)
o 2009 Taurus II from Wallops Island (2010 New Competitor: LMA/ATK‟s resumed Athena 1c, 2c)
o 2010 acquires GD sat mfg (Gilbert, AZ)
Taurus II
TOS
Pegasus
TOS
Pegasus
LMA/ATK‟s
at CCAFS
(VAFB,
Kodiak)
OSC‟s
Wallops Island, VA
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Low Earth Orbit Constellations Bubble
o Big Corporations - Spent $ Billions
o BUBBLE BURST - No Market Uptake - Lost $ Billions
1991 Iridium - Motorola
o 1998 Service Start 1999 Bankruptcy
1991 Globalstar - Loral and Qualcomm
o 2000 Service Start 2002 Bankruptcy
1991 Orbcomm - Orbital Sciences
o 1996 Service Start 2000 Bankruptcy
Globalstar
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Teledesic - $10B Mega Constellation
o 1990 Founded
o 1997 Licensed Granted
o 1998 IPO scheduled
o 2003 Liquidated
Bill Gates and Craig McCaw
Bill Gates (now 55)
Craig McCaw (now 61)
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
1993 Leo ONE PANAMERICA
o Jose Manuel Villalvazo Baz (was 38)
o Mexico License granted 1995 Closed 2002
1994 Leo ONE USA
o David A. Bayer (was 51)
o USA License granted 1998 Closed 2002
1995 KiTcomm
o H. James Kennett (was 36)
o Australian License granted 1997 Closed 2004
1993 Athena 1, 2 Launcher
o Lockheed Martin (Corp funded)
o 7 Launches 1995-2001 Cancelled 2001
Leo One
KITcomm
Athena 1From Kodiak Island
9/30/01
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Innovative Launchers Caught in Bubble
o Rotary Rocket Corp.
Gary Hudson (was 45) Tom Clancy
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
George Koopman
Innovative Launchers Caught in Bubble (cont‟d)
o American Rocket Company
1985: George A. Koopman (1944-89)
– Founder: Insgroup Inc.
– Produced: Movies, Books, Albums
– Founder: AmRoc (was 41)
$20M invested: 300 rocket tests
1998 IP Sold to SpaceDev
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Innovative Launchers Caught in Bubble
o Kelly Space & Technology Astroliner
Mike Kelly (was 39)
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Innovative Launchers (cont‟d)
o VentureStar X-33
Dave Urie, Proj Mngr
Entrepreneurial Space Privatization
Beginnings (cont‟d)
Innovative Launchers (cont‟d)
o DARPA’s DC-X Delta Clipper
Basis of Bezos‟ „Blue Origin‟
Space Tourism Businesses
o Zero-G Flights
o Space Prizes
o Space Tourism Suborbital FlightsSpaceports, ‘Astronaut Dude Ranches’
o Space Tourism Orbital Flights
o Orbital Space Hotels
1990‟s Russians sold 5-10 trips to MIR
o Foreign Astronauts, Japanese Reporter, UK Contest Winner
Space Adventures - Eric Anderson (36)
o Co-Founder Space Adventures 1997 (at 23)
o Co-Founder Cosmopolis XXI 2007
Eric Anderson (36)
2001 Dennis Tito (now 68)
o Ex-JPL, Orbit Analysis Software
o Founder Wilshire Associates
Dennis Tito
Space Tourists (cont‟d)
2002 Mark Shuttleworth (35)
o UK, born South Africa
o Founder Thawte
Sold to VeriSign for $575M
2005 Greg Olsen (64)
o Founder Sensors Unlimited
Sold for $750M, Bought Back for $7M
Resold to Goodrich during launch
Space Tourists (cont‟d)
Mark Shuttleworth
Greg Olsen
2006 Anousheh Ansari (42)
o Founder Prodea Systems, telecon technologies
o Sold for $550M to Sonus Networks
o Ansari X-Prize
2007, 2009 Dr. Charles Simonyi (61)
o Microsoft since 1981 (WORD, EXCEL)
o 3/09 2nd flight to ISS (35M$)
Space Tourists (cont‟d)
Anousheh Ansari
Dr. Charles Simonyi
Space Tourists (cont‟d)
2007 Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor (38)o Malaysian Orthopedic Surgeon
o Angkasawan Spaceflight programBundled with 18 Russian SU30 MKM Figher Jet deal
2008 Richard Garriott (47)o Founded ORIGIN, ULTIMA
o Sold to Electronic Arts
2009 Guy Laliberté (51)o Founder Cirque du Soleil
o Paid 35 M$ Backup: Barbara Barrett
– Former Dep Admin FAA
– Husband ex-Chairman, CEO Intel
3/10/10 End of Soyuz rides
Richard Garriott
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor
Guy Laliberté
Space Tourists (cont‟d)
Sergey Brin
~2011 Sergey Brin (35)o Co-Founder Google
o Space Adventures Investor
o Cosmopolis XXI
~2011/12 Vladimir Gruzdev (42)o Founder Largest Retailer in Russia
o Explorer, Parliament
Waiting in line for Soyuz to resume
Vladimir Gruzdev
Dr. Peter Diamandis (now 49)
100 Aviation Prizes offered 1905-1935o $25k Orteig Prize: 1927 Charles Lindbergh to Paris
Space Prizeso SFF Cheap Access to Space (CATS) Prize
o Heinlein Prize
o Planetary Society Asteroid Tagging Prize
o Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Prize:
o NASA Centennial Challenges
o Florida $40M RLV Prize
$10M Ansari X-Prize3 people to 100 km (62 miles), Repeat within 2 weeks
$30M Google Lunar X-PrizeLand on Moon, Traverse, Snap Photos, Transmit
$50M Space America Prize5 people to 400km, 2 orbits, Repeat within 60 days
John Cusack‟s
Armadillo Aerospace
Lunar Lander Entry
John Cusack (40)
o Co-founder id Software (at 21)
Games: Doom 1-4, Rage, Quake 1-4, etc.Doom RPG for iPhone
Engines: Half-Life, Call of Duty, Medal of Honor, etc.
4th person inducted into AIAS Hall of Fame
(Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences)
o Founder Armadillo Aerospace (2001)
Lunar Lander Challenge:
Won 350k$ prize 10/08
Qualified for 1M$ prize 9/09
Northrop Grumman
Lunar Lander Entry
Dr. Peter Diamandis
Peter Diamandis (48)
o Co-Founder of SEDS (at 19)
o Founder of International Space University (at 26)
o Founder Zero-G (at 32)
o Co-Founder of Angel Technologies (at 35)
o Founder of X-Prize Foundation (at 35)
o Co-Founder of Space Adventures (at 37)
o Founder X-Cup (at 44)
o Founder Rocket Racing League (at 45)
2004 $10M won by Paul Allen and Burt Rutan
Paul Allen (now 57)
o Co-Founder Microsoft
o Experience Music Project
o Sci Fi Museum
o Co-Founder Space Ship Company
o Owns Trailblazers,
Seahawks and
Sounders
Ansari X-Prize (cont‟d)
Paul Allen
Burt Rutan
Burt Rutan (67)
o Founder Scaled Composites
o Co-Founder Space Ship Company
Ansari X-Prize (cont‟d)
Burt Rutan
Just Announced Retiring 4/11
Larry Page (36)
Bob Bigelow (now 57)
o Founder Budget Suites of America
o Founder Bigelow Aerospace
o Founder National Institute for Discovery Science
Bob Bigelow
Virgin Galactic
Sir Richard Branson (60)
Abu Dhabi Group
invests 8/09
280M$ (32%)
Completed
Captive-Carry
Flight Test: 3/10
Passenger Flights
to begin: 1Q12
George French
o Founder Space Explorers
o Rocketplane
o Kistler
George French
Jim Benson (died at 63)
BSC DreamChaser - Jim Benson
o Founder CompuSearch (at 38)
o Founder ImageFast (at 44)
o Founder Space Development Corp (at 52)
o Founder Benson Space Company (at 61)
DreamChaser purchased with SDC
by Sierra Nevada Corp.
(Louisville, CO division)
Blue Origin - Jeff Bezos (47)
o Founder Amazon (at 30)
o Founder Blue Origin (at 40)
Jeff Bezos (47)
New ShepardExperiments - remote control in 2011
Experiments - ride along in 2012
New Mexico - Spaceport America
Oklahoma
Texas
California
Florida
Hawaii
Dubai, etc.
Spaceport America
Elon Musk
CEO, OneRiot
Chef, Kitchen Restaurant
(Boulder, CO)
10/29/09 Tesla Gallery opened
Boulder, CO
7/14/09
5th Falcon 1
- Launch of
RazakSat
9/28/08
4th Falcon 1
- First private
liquid rocket
into orbit
Kimbal
Musk:
SpaceX - Elon Musk (39)
o Co-Founder Zip2 (at 24)
o Co-Founder PayPal (at 27)
o Founder Space Exploration Technologies (at 31)
o Co-Founder Tesla Motors (at 32)
o Co-Founder Solar City (at 35)
Dragon Capsule
Dragon Capsule
March 2010
Falcon 9
Erected at CCAFS for
Inaugural Launch
w/Dragon Capsule
Sched. Launch:
Dec. 7, 2010
Genesis 2
Bigelow Aerospace Corp.- Bob Bigelow (58)
o 180 M$ invested through 2009 ( up to 500M$ to 2015)
o Sundancer to launch on Falcon 9 ~2014 3 person space station module
Genesis 1
Launched 6/07
on Dnepr
Launched 7/06
on Dnepr (SS-
18)
Sundancer
To launch 2014
Dr. James R. Stuart is an independent, internationally recognized consultant specializing in the development of
new technologies, advanced systems and commercial businesses, an inventor and a serial entrepreneur. He has
consulted to over 100 companies in the past 30 years. Dr. Stuart holds 18 patents in space vehicles design,
satellite telecommunications, launchers, personal computing, wireless communications, digital rights management
and RFID‟s (another 9 are pending). He is currently a Board Director of 4 entrepreneurial, high-technology
companies, a member of Louisville‟s Board of Adjustment, and President of Boulder/Front Range Mensa. He has
been a Board Director of 35 companies and an Advisory Board member of 18 companies. Dr. Stuart has been a
professional expert witness in 4 major space industry litigations.
Dr. Stuart has held positions as the President of IOSTAR Corp. (development of commercial nuclear-powered
space vehicles) in Salt Lake City, UT, the CEO of SkyVault Secure Digital Distribution, Inc. in Carmel, CA, the
CEO and President of Kitcomm Satellite Communications Ltd. in Hamilton, Bermuda, the Vice President and Chief
Architect of Teledesic Corp. in Bellevue, WA, and as the Chief Scientist and the Chief Engineer at Ball Aerospace
in Boulder, CO. He was previously the founding Chief Engineer of Orbital Sciences Corporation (ORB: NYSE), the
Assistant Laboratory Director of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), and the Development
and Flight Program Manager at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of both the Solar Mesosphere Explorer
Mission (launched 1981) and the Mars Observer Mission (launched 1992).
Dr. Stuart was a member of three graduate engineering faculties of the University of Colorado at Boulder for 19
years, in the Electrical Engineering, the Telecommunications and the Aerospace Engineering Sciences
Departments. He has been a regular lecturer at various universities, including the Stanford University Graduate
School of Business and the Naval Postgraduate School. He received his Ph.D. in Systems Engineering (1979),
M.S. in Operations Research (1977), and M.S. in Electrical Engineering (1974) from the University of Southern
California, and his B.S. in Physics (1968) from the University of Washington.
Dr. Stuart has received numerous professional awards, including NASA's Exceptional Service Medal for his project
management of JPL‟s Solar Mesosphere Explorer Project. He has been listed in Via Satellite's "Top 100
Executives in the Satellite Communications Industry". He was the author of a graduate engineering, two-volume
text entitled Satellite Communications Systems, co-author of Telecommunications: An Interdisciplinary Text, and
has published over 165 professional papers.
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