Taking the pulse of the New York Bight

BY ROLAND PAINE

T CH "<If,. no dot dal> on th~ .umm .... of 1976 for I..", S"anMln and.1It ".ff of ,he \I(SA I<oc .. 8,.h. I'ro;.a_ In"ead. II "U' " .... (If .n~'ou, aLb from 1o<a1lteahh official •• of !tnllll)' , ...

'1~1I0m of fouled bea~ha. ofullml c ....... ICIlI.JlaI'HS Of.fo;.ca"..,....1 ".,n, of """","nUtd ........ ...,. amona K'tftI",,, and ""bll. orr..,..l .. and of houf> a..,j <hi,. <pm. ""h ....... mod ••• ,.,pIa""n. "hat .. u ~_n and ulln, 10 Ia) 1M &l'oo."I>.",L t.,. "ha. m'ibl foUo-. Ttl, ..... " ,n or Ih ... 1M ...... lat 'O$Qr<" and OjK'I,_lI"fOlIl'm. 0;0'"

"n!ltd" I ..... planl>td~, ThaI 1M IHO,«1 "'aff .... '" ..... , ... > II. fIIot1 MS _ n doo",. I Of In

the tlvt't)Rr' ,hat 1M POOl«! has Opefaled. Cdr. R l .... '~ S ...... ~, '0"". " lIliatel' of 1M \l ISA '("00 '0'\ 1:Io'hl P'O,l«t-IO .",. h,m hn fullldm"rl<~I_.nd hi • .am"r", and o ..... "on,J "' .... 113,. n.ntd. '~1""'" rOf '~(\Iracy. candor. and prompt ,r-potIK. The I'fO}f\"l ~1tfI"'" I •• If).n. 10 dnnm".., ,h. fatt of pollut.n!> In 1M "' ... \ 0.1 b.,hl and I two, ~rfecl "" lhe «o.)"nn. II .. dl I. I he ,mpo" 11m r/I)."II Ind blOlotical P'Ott>s.tS la~ 'n, plaet Ihnt, So ... heM\n Ihtr. al'pta" 10 be: In nnn,tnq ,n ,he .... ,t" ,ha, .. alh Iht ,hor .. of lon, hland and:-"", JnK). oHkuldom and Clilltnl.h~. '"1111 upon Ibc:m for ",plana""" •• nd ""',an«. J n ,he lum ...... of I 976. " ..... 1«1 10 be: ont Ir'n .ncwJoto-,

1 •• 1} .um ............ pt"odofrtb".talm. On Junt I. 1M ,oot' fdl,n. and d,nm. of.M",,,,....., ookhum..­

,f ,ndm:l,h .... 1\ad bttn an)-qu",ll) dl«l On,~ dl) 'tpOtn ca ....

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In f.om.1I lion, lon, hland·llho.ft,. (,om t'tn bc:)ond I If. hland. f,om aim.,.. I. fl' OUI I. \l on'.u ~ Porn, iudf_,..,.,,,, of In 11'1W'11, "" mtn of "alII found lion, 1M h"II . MIt Irnt on Ih. btachn. " lam" ""flO and 'If ....... "ta'" iIIIlb and .a, lumpo.. ")limO< ,t ..... It) ,he .110 ..... >Ind ... OI"'_~ed d"f, ... ood •• nd n"mboJlen "nrdtnllfl.bk l"n,1'I of n.rbbt<.h Il1Ined 1M ,..,nd" Sta"w II. Ind bla<;l "",nl " .. nt I,.. ... , ... , ,n mll<:b of tM " .. h.. 1M noUon .ha, 'M _al" ,Iud,. dum", .. • iU k>fn<'IIoy, ,n.oh ed a ........ ,) .0 'M nund. of min) WfII.'nned til· ian$. Be-a.:ht5 ..... dowd. Ind 'M I~ ..... n '0 ""I '" 'MOld Hroq) Hu,ld"" at 'M Siatt Lru ..... ,t)' of"'''''' \ 'orl . Sr:on)' Hrool. .. ""'. 'M \ ILSA """ \ or ~ H'IIII ProJecl hcadqlll" ...... Io<:ated

....... ha •• <pm. IlmoM fuU ,,_ on 1M b<"a<b hlln po obk .. , <In« " .... (0,,, ,rpor.ed." ,..,rd S .. an'l(Ht •• b" ntOfOlotI)' pnhlp\' "aclll 0 ... "",",h Ia, .... July' '' ... hnt ,lit Pfoject .... aho ", .. ,hod .n II, s«" ond and ,bud nn ... 1tf\I:>n of ,he ",awn.

E_.,.ncy "umbtr '''0''.' I hu,~ fllh l ill in tarly July off • ~ \_ m,lt ", .. eh of "' ... Jnwy ottln Ihor. f.om Ba.nttal InklloSandl" I look. an I, ... dnc"btd b)' ,lit "'''''' \ or k Tim .. I' "juS! 00II1 h <)f .he <"Oftlfo .... \ial \O'oO,,~ 01"",. dump .. ,~ ofr "' ... \ or l lIa,bor," "'"k ,he "'\11 S Sandy liool Labor.'or) .... mos. du-ecIl) COf\ttfned. man) inqu",cs " .... (0,,, ,0 'M \lLSA Pfoject om"." EmCfJt"l<') numbn 'hr!'C .. a •• ...,,"'" ... sh· up or bcrr<h I"'n on July 1. th .. II",., ,ncI""lln, (o''''''orlIOriN, ..

AI 'M A",., 11_. 1 lor prOJ«l .... ,n .M ,bnd 0.) of. maIO< .nd

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Ionl'planned ,,<,,<k·loII& ~~pcTim~nl lo,.ad. by acoU~IIC and <>Ilia d~'i""lo, """,.,. ~lud,C panicle> f.om 1M momen. tM)' at. dumped b) one of M" " OIl Cil)". modn"n "'''''1 • • Ludl. lan~cr ,n.ds un"',,,,, P'-""Ic$ could"" 1m, • ..,. he dC1e<:1cd. In addilloo, S" IniOn and ",<111.

1><". of hi. 'laff. pin. I he o(fi"",. and on-board SCia\IIIU of ,"" NOli" .hip """'I. [I " .In. ".r. conduC'lin. b<icl1n, sn''')n$ ((>I Co ......... .ionat "aff "",mbe •• and I ...., .. Of l ' ..... '.lon cr~. 1\011 1M p.ojttl ~afr .. as P«P"o""I ''''''"IOn)' for Conl'eIoloional h(~","lS to b<' held la,., ,n 1M month in ,"" I_'n of Il omp>,.ad On ton, hl ... d.

S"aniOn', auditor. II ,"" b,id'inl !.eSsions .... d an opponun,,) to ClII.h up on. and Mlf1 QuI ,he '."0<1. nn .... ...,ctn of the pCTiod. "'he') abo It,,,nnl of. ",,,on, ",ampl. of tho '1uicl 'opO .. .., I ha, has .... ,n<d the 1"0)«"1 .t< Jood public ..,n,ce ,oputIIlO<!. IIr!!:. mm1l0n'''1 lho II",e .ponl Ofl,h. beach lin..,. lIfobktn. S" a .. .\On ro<111 .. ucd:

··W. ha.t t . cn bro"lh •• hl> p.oblcm in,o'M """m' aeoum" t,· pttln..."., I)ufln, ""n of.M Kcltz crui<oe> .. e ... ill '0'" a 1'-tu~on n<;l .0 ca,eh Ooa.abln-.IK ma,e-tlal ,hal i,aY' on .M ... <;1', ,u.face .a,h .. ,han .10 .. 1)' .in~ ,n, and ~'Iptf'Sinl ,n .hc "a, .. roiun,n, l'heK .nuhs ",II "" , .... ,n,o 1M o.' .. al! 'co.ta,,'h plan of .. hich Ihe a<ouSI ic c,,,..~ mem il a majOf ""n. \\ e ~ no .. f.om pre> 'OUI C'~"..,men" Iha. (loala· bin mo.C' "l1h 11K ",n<l. 10 "C can rolfC'la,C' 11m. mo> cmm, "il h ,h.al of ,he In, buora n, """",In in .he " ..... The rompO~lion of. ht 003., abln in 'he- ,Iudle ",II al.o .e-I! ,,\ mOre pl('CiSC'l) .. ha. rolfcll.ion, if an)', Ihctt m'lhl bC' bc-1,,«n 11K SC' \II alc ,ludiC' dum", an<!lOnle- or lhe

NOAA Magaz,ne Oc,obe. 1976

!luff I ha. \II .!hc<I up on 'hC' bC'achtl' ... lhc dcg,« .0 \II hkh 1M proj«1 has had .0 ro~nl rale On .he ..,.,..

alC' .lud,C' probicm-Of, mOfe b,oadly •• he problem of ocean du,"pml ,n 'he 1'-< .. York IlIeh,-"al nOl .n.ici"",ed II 1M bq,nll'lII of 'M "OI~ ,n Jul). 1971. A, ... ,ed in an tarly fa .. ShM oo.he proaram,

" The 1'-"", 'OIl O"h,. a I S,OIJO.loqua.(.nlilt alca of OCean ..... m and rom"'C'mal !helr off Ne" York and Ne" JcrSC'). i, .he >ubl«' of a comprelKnsi'e- ma,inc eooIOIical in'n'iplion, TM, '"'''''p"oo

",du<ln ,he COlI .. al " 'alcrs f.om \I on.au l f'oim. L.on, hlan<!, '0

Capt ,\Ia), 1'-c" Jc'K)', and i. IhC' fim 'fllooa! «01011 proJect under· .alen b) NOAA', M.flne [ wSlMm,. Anal)'.,,(MloSA) I'roaram.

"Obj«'i'n of the N"", Y 01\ lIi,h' ",oj«1 a.c: 10 lI<>'elop • !>n'er undcr .. ~nd,nl of the ph)'sical. ch .... ical. ,mlOlical and bIological pr~SC"I of ,he lI'lhl: 10 'ISC"IS man', ,ml'*l On 'he- Sl>H:m; and '0 in .. pro'c pred, .. '''''' of 1M ronlotq ... ~ of prC'SC'n, and proposed a .. ion ..

" l 'he Ii ... In,', <ffom of.he projec, ale dn"ncd 10 (Un"nc in dc.,ul Iha, pOnion of ,he Bieh' mo .. hea"l) impacted b) man~Ind, l 'hi, a.ca. dniloa,"" a. lhe A",,~. i"dudn .he major ocean dumJII"1 • nn ..

SQ ... hIlt ,he ull,n,a" p"'pOSC'$ of lhe rC'SC'l"h "ere 10 bC' pra .. ,cal and u",ful in Bpplicalio" '0 .. ,ucal ... a, of ....... "al manas"'''''''', n,,,,,h of.he 'co.tarch .. a, Iooled upon ai ba,oe In nalur., Ottan dump.n, .. a. "",Iuded al a majOf arn of .... p/>ali. fo, 'he- lir>1 )ea,. bu, il appea.ed In .hOSC' ""'I) daYI I ..... ,h,s "al an applied t(aS(tlCh Or .... Il"""'in'

,11m/ern NeM' l' ork ri'y s,' .. ',,~e sl"d~t' ,·<'S.,!I. ro<>p<'rm;n~ m MESA r"s",r~h. pll1l1f/$ "''' its ""110 ul ..., .. 'ug~ s/udg(, "limp sile In Ihe foi,'''' r 0'(' bighl (righl). while smull "'s"",eh 1'(,.<5.'

",,,,,,ures tiisfH'rs;on raWs 0/ sl"II~"lffJrIJ'r/pJ: "mprlws In

hrlICvplpr ",'aICk <!/>€''''';on.

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problem thOi would nOI ,,,,,, .. ,,,,,1)" o<:<:upy a major share of altent;on. The projttl .. tlbli,hed it$ h".dllu.non a1 ,h. SIB'e Uni'onil)' of

1'1<" York at SIOn)' Brook. fa. oul on Lon, Island bUI a eo""., for ,he lop.f1ighl ,<sca,eh lalcnl tNII ,h. proj«:' planner. "anled 10 dr ... upon. An O!lC',at;on. bas. "as O:Slabh!hed a1 Floyd Benntt, Fidd, an abandonNi Nal'al Air aaSt in Brook/)'n al 'he gal ..... y to N"" \'",k Ihrbor. On th. olh(1" ,ide of'he harOOr. th. Nalional ~larin. Fisheri .. Sn, i"" laOO"lIOI)' at SandY Hoo~. 1'1 .... Je,s<:y. eompl .. t1I,h" lfiangk of I'OAA .nOlallalions around Ih< DiShl lhal "ould ~ h"""il} in'ol>ed in lh" PlOjOC', Sand~ 1100\ "ould ha'e a major role in .he ,n'<$,ij!a' liom of .he Ii",ns mar'lI< orl.lI .. "" of ,h. B,ghl_a pan of i •• '<lulaT a»ignmolll_and fundam .. nal Sroloaical and ph)'sical """"'n<lllmphk OIudios "ould ~ ulld<na~<n b} .h< A Ila1l1'< OC'eanol,aphk and M .. c­orological Labonnor,os (AO).Il). based in Miam'. Florida. Lih \IESA. AO).IL h a pan of NOAA" En,ironm('lllal R~ar.h Labora· lor~. To knd addi"onal .ald<mi. assi,13n« early on. Ihe 1""" YOlk Sea Granl In.,i,u,<. b.oed al Ihe S.,,< Uni,,,,,i,)' of t"e» YOlk. "a. brouSh. in al01l8 "nh man)' of Ih< olher ins,i,u,;.on, of high .. educa· liom in Ihe a"'.

Projoxl Ma, ... ,", S"anwn_" 110 I,~<.o man}' mhor NOAA Corps offi«" po" ...... """ial qualilicalions-brough' 10 'h< "ork a ra", blend of o!><,ral ional and Dcademic <,«.I01l1'al •. Cdr. S" an>on can al.., Ix: calledl)r. S"anson. for ho hold. a I'h,l). ;n ph}'.ieal Ott.nograph)" f,om Oregon S,",o Un;' oui,)", (J n J 9'15. ho "on I h. NOAA A" aTd for plogram adm;ni'''.''on and manag ..... n'.) Ho ga.hcred around him 3 '13ff of ",iem;'15 and e.per" includinll"o )'OU1I8 NOAA COTPS of­ficers. borh 11'0" HoulenanlS. leolog;sl Nicholas Prahl and grelolical o«:anOlrapllOl Roberl Rousll. plus Chari .. Parker, a ph)'sical ocean· oglapher. Dr. Joel S. O'Connor. biologi'l and ecologi«. lOOn cam~ aOOa.d as did I laroid ~1. Slal1ford. a chemical oceanog.aphor. Wha, •• II,al limc "a. looked upon as. broad· bast<! ma.ine ecological "ud,' "011, ba.i. r(SOa«h or;<~lal iOlll01 u~d~r "'a~.

In D=1I1be •• 1973, se" ago sludge dumping" ••• udd .... ly page one n .... s ,hroughoul Ihe No" " or~ lIlelfopolilan area. The ."""Ir. of a bla,~ OOle ad"aneing on Ihe ~ach .. "as Ihru" inlO public ,'i.w, One

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se,cn.ist .'·on announ«d Ihal by Ihe Summer of 1976 "Ihc beach .. ,,'ill II< unu",bl. ~ausc of conlami",OI;on from Ihe sludge bed •. " N." .. paper, and <Io<"onic ",odi. arOUlld Iho cOunlf)" pick«.l ul' Ihe slory. Alw ['" Ihe fitlilim, ,\",' \ . . • < cp lonos al 1"0)0<' hoadqua"cr. signaled 11131 nC""1I1en and ,ubI" '"., , . oeo ,",a,an co"""rnt<!d1ilel1s"crcdc1I1and-I1Ig 10 ~ no'" "hal NOAA ,hough, aboul all 'his. a nd "hal NOAA I'ro­posed 10 do aOOu1 i1.

AI Iho Ou"" NOAA had \, . , Th f no. ca. Y defintd rolo.n the cOnltO"",· s). ere ato our Ottan duml',il" in Ihe Apex of'helliShl a row milos .. a"-ard ~f Am~rose Ughl-fot ''''''aao sludge. dredle .poil. ce\lar don, and mdus,nal aCIds, They ate under 'he jurisdiction of lh. En. '"on1l1enla1 PrOlect;on A. ,.

, .," eney. "ctehadb""nfe"'Y"omalicSludi .. o l"e 0 ect.o ,11= dum, 'il. 0 • . n I"C surround,ng marine ellviron-m('ll'. and 'he l>lESA N .... " • U' ~ , , ,OT DII'" p'O) .. , had .ox<nll)· compil«.l

tM .~a.ch .HuIIS of us inuia1 fkld p.o,.aln launched si~ nlOnths ",~,,0.,,1)·. and "a, in a pO!.nlon 10 compalc i1> pr.hminar) findln .. .. ,," rhe ca.lie. 'Hults. In rHpon~ 10 Ih. publ~ OUIC'Y. the p.oj«1 '»UN a 1<c",lhy faCI ,htel IU" four days bdo •• ChriSlmas of 19'1). lumma.i,in, tM ' C!;UIII of its firsc look It Ih. problem.

The docun'enl st'! the tone fo ... hal b«amethe prOJt'CI's prat'!i« -- "at. the faCIS I, clearly •• poss,bl •. discu," .1I..,na, i.,. poss,b,l"oc" "hen the (acu I'. ;llOOn.:lu,,,'. don't hHitat. to $loy J.O. Ind ma~. ,he info.m~"on a'a,l~ble publicly as soon as poss,bl •. Thus i,a,ed ,he sun,muy con'!)lInJ.On "",,, .. n th~ r=",ly.obIo,nN MU." ""Ia and data f.om 1910 scudiH by th.S,.,. Uni".<li,y of N." Yo.k al Slony IIrool .nd lhe N.nonal .\Ia.i..., Fishe"es 50 .. ;"" Sandy llooll.~bo •• 10.y:

"1. T"" I 'TIlda •• (f'om .\1 £SA) arc consid.,ably mo.e deuilN. and d"«"1 compa.ison a"d in'C'I.a,ion of findi" ... f.om ,h. ,"0 ) ... " i, difficult.

·'2. n. l'TIl dall sho ..... ,lk:m,e of slud,. bed mi,.alion ,0 ""I\­in l.' miles o( lon, Island" 'Ih som. e' ,denee 'UIIHI". of slud,e as cl~ .. 2 milH f.om .1>0 beach. Coml'Oflson" nh lhe 1970 §ludi .. SUI' ,es, .«"cnl ""nh .... d mi,.a'ion of 8 miles f.om ,h. 'Iud,. dump li, •.

"3. Allhuu,h i. is lno"ll ,h~, sludl. is riO" pr~n, "nhin K>cral nilin of Lon,lsland. ,h. fa,. and euSC$ of thi' mo>'.m.n, h ••• r\OI Y" 1>«" delerm,nN. It mi,h. be. for e .. mple. ,hal . n unusual na,u.al c'cnl such as hUlrkane A.nes rould ha,c mo.-ed ,hi, mal .. ,.1.

··~unhe ..... lyJ.H a •• bein, und.nal.n 10 confirm "hell>o. lhe .ludlC bed has ,ndeed mo>ed r~cn.I)·. and if 50 ... h). Con~,d..,.bll mOre .... Iy,is .. ,II be '«Iuired befo.e $talln, "h .. he. Of no. I h. ilud.e bed ha. mo,ed 0,"' an n'omi'e a.ca. I\ ~OIni"n, lhal,he .Iud,e bed hal •. "I'od for "\Oral d"..des. i, i, ,.ill a malic. of ronj~,u'e as '0 "holh.., 0' rIO< il balluddcnly 1tH),·od nonh .. a,d at. rapr<! .~,. du"nl ,h. p.") y ... r~.··

Tho .cport " " nOI popular .. "h many propl.,n Ih. ar.a. 1 he" foars had I>«n a.ou...d. They h..! I>«n led 10 beli ... ·• ,hal if ,h. 5Iud,. "a, ,hal do~ '0 lhe beaches. il n,u>l indeed be .apidly mo"nl ,hor~ "ud. Thc NOAA·!POnso.w IC,en1;,1\ .... c be •• ,w fo. ,he" ',midi')' 11o".' ••. I he p'oj«"l ilaff ma,ma,ned ill poillion Iludfa,tI). and "on ,h. support both of rollca,un in fede,al and 10<111 alOneies and of man) d«ply in,o" ed cill'.nI-.

Al 1M IoIOmc I in",. u.,.m di,cullionl .. ere 11k inl place anIOn, I he p.oj«"l 51aff. COOPf'atrn, C'oups f.on, I h. A,tan, ic /Xc~nO"aphk .nd \ 1r:lO",olo"cal Labo.~.o.i .. and.1>c NMFS Sandy l lool f •• i1rl). and N0"" headquart .. s. In ,ie'" of .he , .cal public con",n .• nd btcau~ of 'he .ok a!li,nod ,0 NOAA in ,h. Marine I',o,ec,;on. Ro~arch. and S ..... uaries A,I of lm2(.he "<xcan dumpin," aC'I. deciSions had '0 be '\lade abou, ,he fUlu.e drr«"lion of .he N .... · Y mk lIi,h' p.o~' .

. '\\ e beli., od ,ha, i. "a$ .-'I •• moly imPO.tan, fOf u. '0 lal. an • .,. ,i,. ' ole in d.,dOp<n, .he best mana,.men, POhcy fC'lard,n, ocean dUlnp,n.:· S"an§On 5aid. "W, f,awnw Ihal "0 manor ho" much .. e all "anled 10 chmina,~ <xcan dumprn .. lhi\ ,..as Mmply "01 ,oin, '0 be pOo.ibk in lhe ncar , .. m. \\ ilhou, OUr ac,h. in'o"om~n'. irr •• ional mana,en, .. " d«"il;Onl milh, be mad. on Ihe bas,s of public CmoUon ,a,h.., tllan ron"d..,allon of nlllllmi/.,nl the o",rall nqall'c en".On­menral impac ... "

W"II lhe supPOn of NOA" Auot:i~,c Adnllnls"a.o. Da,id I I. \\allacc. a n .... <I,,«",ion "'~s os,abl'lhN for 'hc p,oj«"l. In sum. II "as d«i<IN ,ha, the 1""0;«"1 "ould.

_ta~c a 1.ad .ole in ....... rch on ,h. dfec1l of ' ..... ,. ,Iud,. dllmpin,;

«d"ecl 7S 108(1 per.ent of PfO)«"I ,esources tQ'Ooa.d lhe p.ol). I.m;

_ be •. " •• m.I)· open aboul mal,n, il5 da.a lno"n; _.a~ ... cry OIlpottullilY '0 ,nfo.n. ,h. publ~. ,h'OU,h il5 .11-

,isory rommi"«. hearin,s. Ic<:tu.cs. and Ihe n ..... ' mw;a. of il5 und .. "andrn, of lhelll uation:

a\\," U'A in r •• chm, a r.aso ... bl. ",ana,emen' deci'ion. ba...d on lCocn,ifi~ underillodin,. about rontinued u~ of !he <lurnrr ,ile,

NOM Magaz,ne OclOber 1976

H'oI,,~m"lro'" A \IFS Stl~dy 11004 filborolory air,), " .. I miln)' .~Jt'Uf(h P'''~/S ilfxJard 1'00.4" Ship O<'<Jrt~ B. 10. ~fr:,. A II<l>'r. rnm, w'Lml,"~ of (Irom friO" "'/ ..... 0",-,'/". Chm""~ t; v~ns. I indu IIQ,,·h,t und Burhu", .\fO"lrl "'~p<l'r .. w" "'haN"",), In

huM .. 'hllr .. ·aJlintl,,' sum,drs 10 br roll"""I. I1rlo .. ' ... ·hr" wmldrs ,,'r a/)uu,d, Ihr ~'OUII ...."h ,up"'" at p"I,m,"ur, I~~I"'~ Ih,,, _Is thr /)ullirs I", lurt/rrr onshorr on"I)'>I)'

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Aro""-'l<"wuI,,",UMdmAOML ~I'CII 0/0,. Ro~' A . Y""n.( and Or. John R. Pronl is P"fX'1t'd /01 lo_,in.( ",'o.~ bilrll •.

In July and "u,u~ of 197' the .Jud,~ probl~m ap,n cropptcl up '" n"",S ,epons. and willi the summer season in full swi..., the >en';I;"" ty of ,he u.suc .. ·as hciahtencd. By tbat time the pro;.a bad bqulltO c:uabl"" iudf in the minds of many as unbiased and 'horOUlh, alld lOP" leaned heavily on the NO"" researcll in milk,,,, iU determina­tions about the dump si'e. TlK tremendous increase in public ;n"ol_ """'. r<quIf(d bn...",." abOl.ld P.ul Eism. dati _naa-cr, and Stanley Cl\ancom .... who wo<t. primarily in interlO~mC'lIal .dations and is Secraary oflhe N"", York Biaht MESA. Advisory Commino:. On July 10 of.h •• ynr lbe EPA i)q)ut)' RqionalAdminist •• tO< told .. mmina. called by .rea C ...... <:Um"". lII.It wllile pod:elS of natural muds co", lainin, ~ludBe could be foulld ill ran""'" 'poIS off l.on& Island shores, ,here ,,·as nO eviden<% thaI huge quami.ies of (he slufr w~rc mOving .Itor .... ·ard. The belches WC1"e ... fe. Two days later NOAA .nd EPA of. ficials beld a ;oinl public mcctiJlg On ,be p.oblem, and apin poinled to the ... fay of the beaches and the lad of .... idma: lba •• he lIud,,, was mov'n,oIIo, ........ d .

At !:I'A's 'Olue", .be proF bad bqu" 10 Iludy the po$$ibilily of mov;..., the dllmp site farther oul 10 Ka, but by midsummer there ..... ' ..... rrocient .... iIIerItt abou. Ihis 10 make any judlJllCllts. In mid-SqtIcmbco", ho ......... a NOAA letter ... "" •• 0 tbe EPA Rqional Admi'" ,,,ratO< for R.,..,.. II ( .. hid! indude!;.he ~ Vo<k· N ...... Jcney arca) .bat ... mnocd up NOAA'. position. b· ..... on.he .... o<~ of.he pt"oject. I::s$cnually, NOAA Aid:

I . Wh,le we do not bel, .... " thaI all immediate cban,e '" .he Q .

''''''3 ..... ~ dumpsi.e ,s required on the sc~tific .... HI"""" at hand, ,he prob;obihty of ' ......... ing amounts of ...... ge in fu,u.e yca", mea", .h31 pl.no should be initialed .0 .. 3.d chan" ... the local ion in th" fu.u.e;

2 . Any dumps,te On the continental shelf is bound 10 rau,", some d3m",,, 10 lhe •• ca, so i. i. "rongly U'led Ih .. any DeW si.e be interim only-every effort ~hould be made 10 avoid lona .erm .. .., of the oisht fo< otW~ .Iud,c dlSpo<aI;

l . Intensive (C01og:H:a1 'n~esliplloflS of any prOpoSed """" site should be DDndl>Cled.

To mounl ilS scicrltirtc ... o.k, lhe projecl had. '"lhe meantime._

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Jf<Jn 0 'Hf,lIy "",/ Dr, J""'r~ 'fI",m,,' of" \1/ s ,\""i/,' I/",,! ,,,,,A ~'''h M'Q'rn/l"'/lI'~ in WWftJ'QTY IlW.,," " elf:;'

0 " b"d~r 01 \0,1, 1 IM" (;O'Of/C1' II. A ~Ir~ "",m. 1976 ~"'''tII''' "llf'rtJ/WIU!II "fM' ) o,~ n"kl il ,!""Iff (", kit) II. e,k lukn .\u" .. Mlh",,\ • .-j,;!,IIo rrllr/. I /. Cd,_ John lH<'oll,. "I",,, .. , Ut'I!>'If!',

<,en,blro. ''''~ II ~oll«llo n of f~ih"C1, 1100'<'<1 ch(.n~ '1\ e,ail., •. al ,he Ilo)d IIc'IIIClI I ><Id """.alion. ba.t. L'<I, Nod AUI"" ''''!laity t"lab-1"I..:.Ilh~ ba.e. <:low 10 lhe "I\lO" .. 11('t a NOAA'~"ilR<'d ,It,pli .. up- 1110\1 '''''''nlly. the Gw". IJ. h~lv- "oro ... o(fi,,, II a,lr, .• \h,p hcadquu!t' l Irail..,., and d",mIlOf)' 'III"'" A lalle "archQll'~ .. ~, 'Ii'h,rd. ~"d I~I<T ,h.,.( "ort nailtrl for an d""uonic. "Of ~ ,hon and '",enurk labo,al0, i.,. I .on, lh~ I .",,1. r"ll NOAA ~hlp a.lOlned 10 ,h~ proj""" came I !. Cdf. 0'''''<0 \ \ TI,no.,. NOAA Co.p. offi((. "hu no" \.entl .~ MI ' S" O~nl iom Orr"'t. and i, in cha ••• uf 10" .. lie. ,up, ...... for ,h. p,oj~1. Tho only nod 10 C),h(,k. In ,h. o.h.,"'i", 'pm .. n <1I"'rl., iJ. <..,II=ion of POIlt"d pl~ '''. I.n, ,0 ,h. p.Ojtl:1 h) \ ' ''_ l '"nor, and fai.hfully , .. , •• ed by he. hu.ba,Kl d""n. "'on,e"" 01 blC1ll from hi, d~ dy ,a,h

"\I. 1"01 ,d. (,.,)'1 hi". f,om ,..;,.n.,fk ,n>l 'U'''C'''' and ~UO)' 10 om"" \IIrrlie., " •• id T i,,,ol nUl lon, .,0,

"""lin, ••• he base a •• <-'Iande Robinlon, Senior I-I~lroni",

'I •• ;h,",ian, a.,d J.I 11011, in <ha". of ,n\lrum"", ,"h~'alio", .,011, ""h. e,." or ,,,",,,.,,,,,,, ho '.1';'" • .,d ",,,int.in ,h •• , "i,,,II)' ,mPO' ,an •• 1= "",i., CQ"'rmon, al I h." .I~I "''''., "o, l lho!> ".,10._ " rho" "0.1 l«pI ul in b.",nH\," Wlid Ti,no<, "HUlin. in,lru,,,cn" .ha. "",1 .. I,.., I hoy". nceded, and, loa' n'al. nlca,U,c"'.",, ,loa, ur. ,,,,,,, P'llIhle, ",h.li le-blood 01 a "i(nlif" p'ojt<:, III ,h. ficld, Tha.', .. har Robim,oll', "oup mal ., cerla;n harptn$, .nd I h.y ••• "loy "e ., •• bl. ,0 ope,a.e.' .ffee'II.') ., ". do."

'r io. ",uJee, hal "UI lacked fur ,10,1' IUpPO" lu undcrla ke 00,10 '.f' ula, .UII, ,0 moni.o, ."'rlaced in,,,umo"I>, and .pttial <lui .... for • ,a. i.,), of ~-i.,,',fic I,U'PO!tt$. - I' h~ N~,ion~1 O<~~n Sun.,. h~, ,<hed, ul.d ,II. \' .\1«, lI.ow.I<II •• , Albalf"" , \ , l)~I~\Iaie II, 0,.,0" II. a,Kl Rorqual a. " •• iom """'.,0 palllC,pale in .he poojt<:', a"d ",,,,,10 orll .. \"',H, ,":In be amibu.ed ,0 lh." .. o, ~ ,

"hou,tr ,h.MLSIl N ... \ 'o, k Ili,h, I',ojcr:, be ... n 'n 1974 ", bend ,II tt fOIl\ p.""."ly 10" a,d ,h. K" a,c dud,c dum pi". p'Obltnl, il did 110' f ''',., I be .... Ii~. {Q"«pr of b'ood-ba.ed \Iud'n dHil"ed ,0 I" •• ,,,,,,pkole pi.'u,~ or ,10;1 hea' ,Iy ,,, .. <;cd a.n or cOI".1 ... can, \l any '",en,"11 had corKlnc.ed ,,,,din of many p.oblem< in lbe 1I"h., bUI ,

no .. lin ..... In ' ''IS ;nformal"'" "ad,l) I' I,Lab!<- '0 Kitnmu. iO'nn­~ .... , off,"",I •. 'n' ..... '.,;1 (1" .. nl. lowl ""' ........ $ .. 1\0 m ..... ' n<cd ". \ 11 ~ ,1I.ufo" a.rlna<d .. ,," ,lit '"' \ or ~ Sea Or..." In ... ,u,. ,0 I"'bh.1I • HI'" of _raph' Ind an A,Ia .. deo .. ntd '0 bl'ln, .C>t<\1wt ,he 01'" of ~ no .. Icd,. a_, ,lit 8,"" ,n u""" • ., K .... ",."'.nd ...... ,,",II', ro.kh. Of.he ptannod Jl """""rap" " 10 had b«n ""bll.bod b) 'M ,ummn of 1976. ,,,,,'ud,n •• ",,11 ,,,k$ •• Tidn. ~ as,. O'lpoSal. "0" h,',h" ... and Comm • • ~ •• nd "'niH.:il' f i.",n. Rnll. "'''.a<,,'. aowl .. ell iliuma,<d, ,h. monOJ.l"ll'hllf. pro' ,n, .0 be hi,hl, Jllttffdul ron,....,..,.,.11 of 'M ",0;«' " ,nfOl'm.,;"'n di •• mlln."on p,o"an,. P,oj­«, \Il1l.Oln .. Sea Grid' .. 11,. G,n," .owl Sen..,.. f dnOl' Ii Jan ' '''''!'Int. An od"oriaI boafd roord,,, ... d II) 'IESA .nd hadq ... ,"<d II SIOOI) B,om. o'n .... lilt "e>' ~ OOI.M ...... """'."' ..

TM Sea Gran' lnullu,. IS • ..., ""nu, ... hallb-' .... '<d "'e>, ..... 001 I ..... Ir ..... of prn'SI"" ctwmK1l1 poIlu •• nn ,n pbnL.OOI and 'M q ....... ,I0I'l or .. ...,"". 'M $II. f "anlf ... I 'nllft '0 'M atmosrbtt •. WI "II JOIn, (IInd,n. II) MES .... Sr. G.,n, .• M Roc~.f.I'" Foun<buoo. and SU"" \ Sum) Ilooo~

Spta'Mllhn, ,h. proj«1', i",,,,;,'''O<II elf ,h. lI'1n. m."n. , .... lOII.cn of ,he B"h" .owl or ,he I"»"bl. df...,. of ocr.n dump,,.. 0fI

.hem, Iw. Il«n ,M ""rs 1>1 ""'1. A,"'n,jc Coau.1 FlIhn ... c.·m.n. ,,!\dr. , .... d"...,ioo or 0 •. Ca,1 J. S.nd."" .. "n .. "" haclq ... nm ., Sand) ItooL .nd ... booato .. ", ,hot •. a. M,lfOld.. 1kI ........ nd o..fOl'd, ' I • ., ... "". Cn, •• n bfD,h", Ibonom d .. d~n&l OI'PMml ,,, "." .......... , 1Ia,. bf<'n ,n'm ... d,. .. 11<1,0<1 IIfnUM ,he) ....... a:II,. ... ) ,n on< plkto and llalt rooIun .. "". d"..., con,a" .. "h Kd,mm, .. "" Iny ddc1",ou. df...,1 lilould be 'N'" <I) d"..., Ind ('Ill) '0 1'«,"Ia,n,

\, .. d ... ha,. ,110" n ,1Ia, tM number of ~p«it$ his ,.nl&.nnl .bout ,II< lam<- 0 •. John D. Pra ll;" of Sandy IlooL found IInl~ ehln,t from a mod) ,n ,II< ... ,. 1960'1'0"ud, ... In ,9'1) lowll914. The number of <I'I<",n •• nd numb<1'. of ,ndll,d .... I .......... nely <kpf<S>ed ,n ,lit ,eI· .11,<1,· poIlu.<d aowl poOrl) n ... hnt R.",." Ba,. bu, mu,·III..u tfr.., .... _<d ,n 'M Apr>. o"uoOt ,he N). "'ppalen, J.nI&II 1I«1,,!n ,n ,lit nlimbo .. of 'owl'''d .... h ,hot •. 'M /'o 'iFS K;m,lj>$ btl ...... can ",obi-bl) be .nnbu,<d '0 na,u.aI ..... bob,y •• ,"'" , ..... , ..... tti<d m .. ,.,... men,al SI.", ..

r-, \11 S bIOI"'; ... 1Ia' •• IKI 'qx>f,o<I ,hot 0ttIl".""" <>f n,1I .. ,.h ('Io;,on 01 f,nl," fin roI") In.,de ,It. APf~ '0 be ,'('Il'" ,I\&n 011,"<1 •• Ind f .. I1"", ' .... a«h on ,h'$ I'''''nom('l\()n i$ uowl .. ""). Shrllf,~h ,n n"",h of 'hf "'pt., COma,n .. nKffPlabl,. lIi,h <:OII«n""IIe>nl e>f ro~ 'form ban." •.• owl a c,,, .. II. l'tIl .. "h radi ... of .bou, III ..... "cal m,ln •• ound , .... '"' "I. ~1'daC: dump W,t .... cIoitd ,0 iJI<Ilfi,lnn, II) ,he I DOd Ind 0111, ... dm,n ...... "on , FO"'1 In 1910. f"". IC'l'1 la," FDA .>panded lhe doted .... 00II .. ., .... 111) IIfnllor of bai:I" .... co ... '.m .... '''''' from ocean "",fill •• owl ou,no., hom I'" HtadlOfl- R .... an ......... ""compic>..

A., ... 1011 of'b< mlll" ... bO<.,ory wlldy elf m ' "onmmlal ron'l .... ,nan" and I ...... rr..., 0<1,11< maslnf «Oi) ....... ,h'""nlM \lalf m ...... be .. of ,lit M.dd~ Allanll< ('NollaI I I>M. i ... C ..... , .. 'H.t , " •• dod I NO"''' L. nIl ('i,."oo fo. , .... , ou","nd'''' ronlfibu.ion. '0 ,h. !"oj«1.

The A,"'n,,, Octanoafllrll" .nd M..,eooololotal l.bo,.,o" .. In M .... " h.,~ orn, upa nllmbtt of "' .... USlJ .. "I1 ... 00t I.'~Y of npn· ,mm" ,0 fo","'. , ...... o.l of ,hot 1'<0 ..... . ' 01' eumpk 0. Donald \. II ,nlO<\·' ph, .. ca1 ocnnop,ph ... 1If0J.l" .... obo .. ned dar. f.om dllf, .. • nd .... " ..... 1 ....... " .. ud."",,"" In,l (111111 .... dod .. ior ..ot1Oft ,"" .... )

or.he ... ,n. dll .. '" mllth of 'M )·.a. in 'M in ..... B'ah'· 0.. J. "ill~m I Ildle .nd I" Donald J . P S .. 'fl both hll. ".ced a ."",11 Im""n, of ~nd Iran'porl III.ouahou, 'M ,·tIl •• ,. de",h of lboUI60 fm ... "h I I •• ,. amoun, du"n. oe>"O ,Iorm •. Til .. "o. ~ l<d 'e>' ronlpl.,t ltd<­... " of • mulum,llIon dolla. nu,fall On 'ho IOU' h . ho •• of Lon, hllowl. T ..... l,nd. of ,nlo.ma, 1Ofl •• <I •• <d Ie> mu<1I of ,h. C>I "'" <b,. OI:UIlInt b) 'M prO)""" ,heel Ii"" 00 hoo< conlam,naMI' may be CltlInt,h."" ... , .... ""I.", __ Orlt L,nd of mOllon for I .. h,n lI&"icIft Ih.aI "'1 in'''' .... " column •• nd ,_hot fOl' ,he h.a" ... """ ..... 1 ,hi, .. n~. '0 ,lit

bollom v •• ", ..... '00. hi'. mado .... ,.,.. con,,;bu"O""O'M "OIL. 0..

Jam ... A 'Iud," of 'lanhallin ( .. e>I"...., (OlIdlK"ltd an r"""" ... udy of ,M .<1.,,,. anlO .. n's of ronllm,nanll boo .. ,h, In b, fou, malO' pol.

"

Weather 5a""O'\cc DOl onty proYida \1.1 "';111 ,eal- timo: ... "ther ;ntgr",,, .M>. .. twa.IId ... hen: we MCd it. blot is lII&k!nl important con •• ;buliOl'll 100W A.1as wo · ADd ,,·hm.he daI Ire coIl«led. """w .uidool lna po.it'd by.he En~irOMW1ltal Doua s..",iI:o: fgr grp .. ~ 11.1Id ,es. 1"- it UotocMOlMb .. herc it can be .afined and""'O .. 7 • " .. , . "

CJoK CoopIOMkMt uno", _ious ,_dlI1OUJ1'l' w d.lrKlcr· Uoed tbr project. and card'" pI'!lQi'!l thq$~tly .all:l pouIbic 1m. J18Cion 0( w'dw.......,h tfforu I_d. _011'1)10 lOlL For ualll­Ilk. ioo J.I, 1"6 • ....,l .1oqc c>C 6 ,a' IO uac. _.,c "!KI,c ~.­lides ia IbrdwnplitclUCd IheoollaloomM .nom at .... 1I)' people i0t­a d· ... 0. . a~ A.. Y"'ml- Dr. lohn It. Proni.Ad "Irif:~ H •• dI_ 0( AO ML. Dr. J.mn P. TlIomz.. of ClIa. 1a Pub, of the project ... ff. and 0. . h er L. 51on, B,ook. ~I \<CUd .. inchldi",.he "ria I. took. ...,.

Immediatd, .fler. _ .... lIud.e yend tklmped it. load In lhe d ilnMed lite. 1_ I · · . 11< fdIo WUftCIcr. wac Io"ned 0_ lhe oIdc 01 "diu. Each nnilled _ Dd w.y,"" one .1 :zoo kllotlcnl (::00.000 'Y' 'PI per , .( d) and lhe ad .... II 20 kH ..... lIidI",ne .tf1«:ted off plnides in lhe 1Ivtte- 1lIc ,n;.&I . .... eck II ...... c lIk~ed up and •• ".dod bod' na _ ...... if: .. pc.ad on • lbipbOllrd vilwl dilpU.y. U w of 1_ "idd) differnot f,eq .. tII oj '" ptnlIilled dlttmion of dlfferml si_ of.-nickl.

WIoilc: lhe ....... a f,.q"'nKT uk z' di.caty "._~ic 10 lhe slUEdIC di"" n.ed .fla .booot .. hour. id· ..... i'" . IIM lhe IN", PIf1idots hid pralooobl, ralln 10 lhe bot~ llot ' KOidiqs contiZl\ted 10 ....... 1a.1C poim IOIleri ... I .. tlzc IrtL 1lIc lCinociJu $Unl'E iKd 11:.11 lhac ,,'n t phably edog!! f.OIII r .... f~", on lhe IoIud.c. 1M h~ f.equency ~ COIIIIIaMd .O bt lift«llblc for ........ 1I\00,I ... I":~I ... IMI .he smaikr plnlda "'nk II a ml.lCh r.Io ... ·er 'lie and u •• a lll! ..... re mort widely disperitd by ntlrCftt and . ida..

Uw o f 1hz AOML-ck>"cio-;zd K~ ",iI: uchnlqlle made posalbl._ ntr ... ali .... a at Ioow tl,.ad how rut Ihellll1.e ""tad. horilOfll.ll­ty and verlically in.hz fl •• f", lIourultu dwnpin&- By showi", ... -hu. lhe oIuodJC ...... -." ... Ied. it .... bIed the che",iJu.ad NMf5 10m­lisu 10 I.b 1!Iei. _pia wilh'., _ CIU1UX}' 1l:.1.li would ocher .... ;,.. ha~, bem powiblc.. Utilili ........ board docmiR., IabontOfJ. H.lm­a ~irlElCl_pOI1I. dIonIIic:e1 _i"",",,1 fOIl": IInlMliNlriJ ,,·lIhin lhe 'k:dvo as ..... 1 .. r::hzmicalllatUfonnatioM .. ki511 placr: d",i", lhow lint f"" 1!rrOii.1.

fiully ....... ork lpaoi lI'" .... ided in a hold of 1100 " ria. NMf5 bio\otiIt. WOI ~ftOI lo find ..... how quif:kI,ol U tll in 1M ... 'lter 1I11 ~tII "P .fler lhe IIvtIC is dumpcd. I "'_" of increased lMt.bolif: ac11~;' I, on .he pin of will OflPllisln.lII lhe _Ier.nd Ih\l.l o f Ito ...... pidl, 1M lIudlC is deoonr.pot<'1..

"If lhe "udlC Is "P;:ly rkcoml":ed .... 1:.I1 .... e c:.lllabilo-lt II more li~eI, 10 ha •• .011 dIet! on 1M liY\", u.alllfa," ",it Thorn ... "Till)' marine 11 ft IoUfh ., '*'te"lia a nd OIher planklon fred on l he IIlIdtc. If il . lo.o.k"': kU.,hnn. Iherc .. ilI be lillk ",ide,," of i ... :;reased ...... bcrtir; lo:I;"it,. B .. I if it iI_loo.ic, 1100 Inlmtr •• 111 bu ... .. p w.ncro .. ~I ... lhe _CriaJ IL AfI)'Ihl ... ioo lhe lk>1t_ha.y mona ... foe oampl. ...y bt irIIated.oad ... , ... buqlltn.ty 1M: p ... ed Ug 'I ;,;p the food duli.L .,

Wkilc the _Rif: flIpe: iuKIII ..... plallncd a': flI«uted JII.opo ~ ,_ell Ik.ored 10...m",,,,,,,,,,, IptCirlC problrlPll of_..., sIoodlC dumpie&. It hid .uy brOldzr ia:.pl ..... ,~. cha,aann..if: it lI:&ra . ilh ..... 'opcrirnnlll ;,. lhe Bi,JIrt projea. AI H.l 5ta"'ord of 1M projea .,," ... p&alned:

" llId .. t 1>01 become 110 hPv~y izr.oIyed in lhe III11IC qualion. .... m,,1It IIOIM~. _ried 0lIl IhillptCiflc .. Ot k- but, ...... 111 ... ould l:.Iye had 10 cIo _hi", vtry like it. Thi. aperimml lell .... not only about lIudJit. tout 11110 abolil disllib,,::]on of IlIJpt1IdftillOlldJ •• botrl alNm .... nd.bo\u orpnlc Klivil, illlhot ","er o;oIumll. AU o f lhac ..... loianir ..... 1 ;,. pliMi", I broad pia5l1e of .IK 8 iJht u .ell u in dcttlZlPiori",wl:.l •• hlN :ah,. 10 lhe ~ Itwlf . ..

In lhe fim Ihrft ~n of ill flIn..a>ot, 1M MESA New YOl k Bi&hl Projea h.,. acCWI",Woed IroECfIll hiahty ImporUnI Ilib. ThfO\l&h iel ....... me _k. a r .. -. _",dko"i" .. ndcntaad" of.M __

pIu dumpilll problem' I~ lhe: Blthl .... bem loCIIicv~lhe 10511"' of dumpirrl- lhe ely ......... of the ........ 1 Biahl pr........,;z'.1Id InltnaioN of:he: dumped m .. ",lal .ilh Ihc:w prC>! up. ... d COM«tPlCilCl:l of 11M­durnpin .. TIK pro1«t prO¥iOor1.he bulk of lhe ICilC:ulflc COIIuibulkMt 10. landno .... Eavi.on",",taIlmpaoct Surtemmt on movi", tIM-oill;" _II. d£IIIP p Jilt. oppg .. d plus 10 _ it IltZIas lhe IoiIUllIoa ..... OIlIIC"d, .ad _raatd.he EII"ir()llllM:ll .. 1 PTOImX:o A&mCJ to tdea • finn d.1t for phulIII _ ocean dump", o f lhe _.,. 1lii1ac- la tal'h caM lhaot ,«001\ ....... ~;o. .. mz followed. EPA .. ",,,"ed 1981 .. lhe ,.... 101 .. :,. d ..... pi'" ill lhe Bi,JIrt I.IzaU 1Tap.

To eM .. n IMI ill l.f(W" mllion is rdmlirK:OllI, 1"'"'" 01111)'. ,he ",oj«! proYida l he rdmllflc COIIImllailY .... ilh Oppor1 .. a itics 10 'co ie­III Issessmenl of lhe .iluatlon, .IId ~ec~ in doo$c I(PUC~ ... ith ill a6-visooy rommlll«.

To nls .... 11:.11 ~. Inforll\3Ptlon it ,.':ily .... il.hle. I he prOject .... ca.etully d("'<eloped .. pport with .he ""bl ic in the ..... Cia!" 51t1n, bocuzi .. Di.ector of Ilk Lon. III.nd Ea~;.onmmlJOl COlI"';!, _ mmter1:

·'Mos. Kicnlills alt hcsil.lnl abou. t lIomill. In~oIY«t i. publil: disnt.slion. I hi" .hercfon: IM:m mot< plfI;ed .. bo .. Cdr. 5..-_ .oIId hiT lI.ff hI.e IriKltO help 11M: publif: .. ndcntand tlKir "(W"L A. lima of .,.ealll.elI:My hpl. .1Ki. arc:l, lhey dida· I II • .,. OUIsidor 1!Iei. rltld of opcrl .... buI; IlMydid Id! ..... 'hat lher k.a_ lbey lried ~ Iwd.o pro.-ick Ilk fKl ..... buiJ 10 1l1li .aporulblc de;: . i:-; (Cluid be made. We.re HI, ".lef .. 1 101 ..... ..

o...i", .M mi1-5IImmn eritiJ period •• he PZOjecl suoff ... orked IonI houri 10 I". to find out 1hz a .. M:I of 1M """'IPp on lhe _I±", • • IId 10'". 101m"'er QUCi.iono f.om lhe public aboullhcm. 1lIc NMfS Sudy Hoole labo •• lory lIafr C&frkd out.he "' .... activit, .. ith Inpca 10 Ilk liTh kill . A IellJ\hy . llIemenl Inued by lhe Middle Alla"lif: COIIIIl Fillteria Cenla on July" wmmN"iud fo. lhe .... blif: lhe history, elll'.ctcrislia, l ad probtrblc ."pllniliOI'I of.he phc __ •

In 1l11li, w d MACFC • • mn.iw ph)"lOpllnkl Oll bI_ lIti6zed .. roch or zhot .Ylilable dinohed 0_1Im In lhe .. It ..... and f1Ih and Iovtrt. bnrla IhII-.:Id not cKllK 1M 1o .... 00.ntll ............ killed..

TM belidl 1I'":::blhh. S .. a_"II011pCAAiCl uded, ..... eluNd b)" _binltion of ciramrlll_ ladll1i",lhe DlIUiw .flU _pow. in&< o f .... and KnI~""led _ -qe f.om tI ... H \IIbog. a .. il&n ....... ri ... com"' .... tczzrpOlll}' 1 __ In fa" -... divtrted imo lhe HlOdson owi",IO 1M uPIt.:i", of ....... ';11 N"" Y (W". _.,t .... 1_ pI.nts..ond N"" JerW)' p;c. fi.a lad other IP , ·1tnlllllll OCnttred du.· i",lhe .. me pe:1od of time.. A 12·da, period or persilltnlty llrant """Ih .... alnl' .... inds ..... faponoible for pulhl", I he ........ p nalo 1M btac!>a, lhey rcporlftOl, lPoOIi", 11:.11 ... hile lhe wind dirmion Is IIOt

un;,;I",I.t Ihalll .... of , ea., 1M .trnlllh.nt pcnillenet .. eft. 1lIc bcach Ci Ih.1 hid been cloKd in laIC June ..... e III ,eopo;nld b)' July I . .ncr .he .. Inds clllllicd a": 1M .. · ....... uPl""_

la .dditlon 10 lhe direct publif: • ..: medii OOfIt.ICt ..... Inl.i""" by ".fts of lbe Biaht project 1111 tlte MACf C. 5wUllOll mIdt. full •• pon on both the bcactllittCl ",:::ble,a and lhe rllb . 11110 IN COIII1 .... UonaI """,mill« ..... 1nJ J .. ly2. 81 HtlllproI..o.

Whcredoa.he pro;.ct 10 f.on:: hert'! "N_IMI we hI.e rcKhcd this.lIIlC, I lhillk 011' : tlp.:t,lIibllilia

are"CR " .. I .... lhan IM:fr::rt. ·· ",y 5 ... .011-. " 8 ... .., of lhe "(W". of 'he projtICI. NOA,o\ .... m.oc _ ...., fOllhriah. 11.1_ • • boul ...... _.nd dftICIlofcont .... l ... ion in . he Blah!. Ills -awow.apOoI­.ibilil, 10 chec., dOllblo-ch« • •• nd ..... rt tM PlPbIic 1111. 011, IUCi" mmt o f Ilk li. wPlion ""a1nea. lr upon r ........ in._iaMion • .• flad INri " 'e l:.I.e m.1k I mhllh .n,....-her •• 1ona lhe Ii ... , or if lhe iii ...... 10 .he pubiic incrtlKl In tM f", ... e, .... mUll provilk 11M: infonnllioa 101hz ""bile and.o lhe Ipproprlltc .ullIorilia SO 11111 rcmedilllCilon un Q .. ic.ly IK •• knl."

Resea.dI on contamlllllPt cydina iT COIIlin .. l .... I 11'"01' .... 01_ it(W"!n. lhe _qe lliid •• II IM:IIII ulI1nta~m, and _ .... enua of .acarch into the other, more Ilanifbnl. conumi ..... IICNlca d,edlC lpoil. Hlitboa Ri~er ernlle"'. and u.hazo runoff- ... bel", planned.

If 0I1ter crises QCao'. IUCh allhoM: of lhe ... m ..... of 1976. 1M projectintcndslolM:.cedy. u

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