THE NEW WATER THE NEW WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BRAZIL: THE ROLE OF ANABRAZIL: THE ROLE OF ANA

B.P.F. BragaB.P.F. Braga

DirectorDirector

Agência Nacional de ÁguasAgência Nacional de Águas

XI IWRA World Water CongressXI IWRA World Water Congress

Madrid Oct 5-9, 2003Madrid Oct 5-9, 2003

Federative Republic

26 States

01 Federal District

5.561 Municipalities (*)

5 Regions

- North

- NE

- SE

- Center West

- South

(*) CENSUS 2000 - IBGE

BRAZILBRAZIL

Water Resources Concentrated in theWater Resources Concentrated in the Amazon BasinAmazon Basin

68 %68 %

Northeast: poorest and driest Northeast: poorest and driest 3%3%

South-Southeast: urban and industrial South-Southeast: urban and industrial pollutionpollution

13%13%

Center West: the new agricultural frontierCenter West: the new agricultural frontier16%16%

Brazil

Demand

Hyrographic Region

Área (km2)

Average Flow (m3/s)

Human (m3/s)

Irrigation (m3/s)

Animal (m3/s)

Industrial (m3/s)

Total (m3/s)

Demand/ Flow (%)

Rio Amazonas 3.988.813 134.119 9 190 8 2 209 0,2 Rio Tocantins 757.000 11.306 12 51 7 2 72 0,6 Rio Parnaíba 344.248 1.272 9 32 2 2 45 3,6 Rio São Francisco 645.000 2.850 28 160 7 29 224 7,9 Rio Paraguai 363.592 1.340 4 41 10 1 56 4,2 Rio Paraná 856.820 11.000 105 253 44 113 515 4,7 Rio Uruguai 177.494 4.150 8 157 9 5 178 4,3 Costeiras do Norte 98.583 3.253 1 0 0 0 1 0,0 Costeiras do Nordeste Ocidental 256.098 1.695 10 5 3 2 19 1,1 Costeiras do Nordeste Oriental 685.303 2.937 78 118 14 53 262 8,9 Costeiras do Sudeste 209.000 3.868 105 28 4 78 215 5,6 Costeiras do Sul 192.810 4.842 18 309 6 11 344 7,1

BRASIL 8.574.761 182.633 384 1.344 115 299 2.141 1,2

WATER BALANCE OF WATER BALANCE OF BRAZILBRAZIL

WATER USEWATER USE

Domestic e Industrial water supplyDomestic e Industrial water supply HydropowerHydropower Irrigation Irrigation NavigationNavigation Fishing, tourism and recreationFishing, tourism and recreation

BRAZIL – Intense Urbanization Process

POPULATION IN 2000: 169 Million

URBAN AREAS: 137 Million RURAL AREAS: 32 Million

SOURCE: IBGE - Census 2000

POPULATION IN 1950: 52 Million

URBAN AREAS: 19 Million RURAL AREAS : 33 Million

Service Coverage

DOMESTICDOMESTIC

WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY

• 90 % Urban Areas

• 18 % Rural Areas

• 78 % Brazil

Service CoverageService Coverage

SEWAGE SEWAGE COLLECTIONCOLLECTION

• 56 % Urban Areas

• 3 % Rural Areas

• 47 % Brazil

Service CoverageService Coverage

SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENTTREATMENT

Approximately 20% of collected sewage is treated

Brasil, 1999Esgotamento Sanitário X Renda - Área Urbana

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

Milh

ões

de

Do

mic

ílio

s

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

% D

om

icíli

os

Ate

nd

ido

s

Domicílios urbanos Domicílios urbanos atendidos % Atendimento (rede + fossa)

48%

96%

Men

or 1SM

Mai

or 20S

M

Equity in Water Supply and SanitationEquity in Water Supply and Sanitation

HydropowerHydropower

87% of total energy 87% of total energy generationgeneration

Installed capacity of Installed capacity of 70,000 MW70,000 MW

50% of installed 50% of installed capacity in Southeast capacity in Southeast region region

Annual demand Annual demand Increase of 15% until Increase of 15% until year 2010year 2010

IrrigationIrrigation Largest water user (65%)Largest water user (65%)

Irrigation potential Irrigation potential estimated at 29 million estimated at 29 million hectareshectares

Total irrigated area of Total irrigated area of 3 million hectares - 3 million hectares - 5.8% of total cultivated 5.8% of total cultivated areaarea

94% of irrigated area 94% of irrigated area developed by the private developed by the private sector sector

NavigationNavigation

1,230 km 1,230 km Navigable reachesNavigable reaches

1212 Terminals (mono, bi, tri-modal)Terminals (mono, bi, tri-modal)

2323 Development polesDevelopment poles

1717 Tourist polesTourist poles

1212 Logistic Distribution NodesLogistic Distribution Nodes

US$ 2biUS$ 2bi Invested (50% private)Invested (50% private)

Water Management in Brazil Water Management in Brazil Antecedent ConditionsAntecedent Conditions

Excessive Centralization and sectoral Excessive Centralization and sectoral administration with electric sector administration with electric sector predominance predominance

Water Code of 1934 Water Code of 1934 DNAEE – Ministry of Mines and EnergyDNAEE – Ministry of Mines and Energy SRH – Ministry of Environment, Water SRH – Ministry of Environment, Water

Resources and Legal AmazonResources and Legal Amazon IBAMA - Ministry of Environment, Water IBAMA - Ministry of Environment, Water

Resources and Legal AmazonResources and Legal Amazon

FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONFEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAmended in 1988Amended in 1988

““Art 21. Art 21. The Union shall: ...The Union shall: ...

XIX – implement a National XIX – implement a National Water Resources Management Water Resources Management System and define criteria for System and define criteria for authorization of water use”authorization of water use”

FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONFEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAmended in 1988Amended in 1988

““Art 21. Art 21. The Union shall: ...The Union shall: ...

XIX – implement a National XIX – implement a National Water Resources Management Water Resources Management System and define criteria for System and define criteria for authorization of water use”authorization of water use”

Legal Legal InstrumentsInstrumentsLegal Legal InstrumentsInstruments Law 9.433Law 9.433//1997 “WATER LAW”1997 “WATER LAW”

Establishes the National Water Resource Policy, the National Water Resources Management System and provides regulation for Paragraph XIX, Article 21, of the Federal Constitution

Law 9.984Law 9.984/2000 “ANA’S LAW”/2000 “ANA’S LAW”

Regulates the establishment of the National Water Agency (ANA), a federal entity to implement the National Water Resources Policy and to co-ordinate the National Water Resources Management System

Law 9.433Law 9.433//1997 “WATER LAW”1997 “WATER LAW”

Establishes the National Water Resource Policy, the National Water Resources Management System and provides regulation for Paragraph XIX, Article 21, of the Federal Constitution

Law 9.984Law 9.984/2000 “ANA’S LAW”/2000 “ANA’S LAW”

Regulates the establishment of the National Water Agency (ANA), a federal entity to implement the National Water Resources Policy and to co-ordinate the National Water Resources Management System

- Water is public property;- Water is public property;

National Water Resources Policy

Basic Principles

- Water is a limited natural resource, - Water is a limited natural resource, which has economic value; which has economic value;

- Priority in the use of water resources is - Priority in the use of water resources is given to human consumption and the given to human consumption and the watering of animals; watering of animals;

- The river basin is the territorial unit - The river basin is the territorial unit for the implementation of the National for the implementation of the National Water Resources Policy and for the Water Resources Policy and for the actions of National Water Resources actions of National Water Resources Management System;Management System;

- Water resources management should - Water resources management should always allow for multiple uses of water; always allow for multiple uses of water;

- Water resources management shall be - Water resources management shall be decentralized and shall involve participation decentralized and shall involve participation by the Government, the users, and the by the Government, the users, and the communities.communities.

National

State

Basin

C.N.R.H M.M.A

StateGovernment

S.R.H

StateAuthorityC.E.R.H

ANA

Basin Committee

Basin

Agency

Council Govern Authority Water Board TechnicalOffice

National Water Resources System - SNGRHInst.

Level

MISSIONMISSION

WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS WATER USE IN

FEDERAL RIVERS

WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS

WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS

ARBITRATE CONFLICT AMONG USERS CONFLICT AMONG USERS

AUTHORIZE

CONTROLRE

GU

LA

TO

RY

RE

GU

LA

TO

RY

EX

EC

UT

IVE

EX

EC

UT

IVE

Nat’nl. Water Res. Management System (SINGRH)

RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT RIVER BASIN

MANAGEMENT

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT WATER MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM OF THE PARAÍBA SYSTEM OF THE PARAÍBA RIVER BASINRIVER BASIN

Paraíba River Basin

• BASIN COMMITTEE IMPLEMENTEDBASIN COMMITTEE IMPLEMENTED

• 30 % - CIVIL SOCIETY (NGO’S, 30 % - CIVIL SOCIETY (NGO’S, Universities and Professional Universities and Professional Associations)Associations)

• 30 % - USERS (Industries, water 30 % - USERS (Industries, water utilities and farmers)utilities and farmers)

• 40 % - Municipalities, States and 40 % - Municipalities, States and Federal GovernmentFederal Government

• WATER CHARGES BEING PAID WATER CHARGES BEING PAID BY “ALL” USERS IN THE BASINBY “ALL” USERS IN THE BASIN

• WATER PERMITS SYSTEM WATER PERMITS SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED IN DIGITAL FORM IMPLEMENTED IN DIGITAL FORM AND USERS REGISTREDAND USERS REGISTRED

• INTEGRATED BASIN PLAN IN INTEGRATED BASIN PLAN IN IMPLEMENTATION TO BE FINISHED IMPLEMENTATION TO BE FINISHED IN DEC 2003IN DEC 2003

RIVER BASIN RIVER BASIN RESTAURATION PROGRAM RESTAURATION PROGRAM

or

““TREATED SEWAGE TREATED SEWAGE PURCHASE” PROGRAM PURCHASE” PROGRAM

GOALS:

reduce the water pollution level in river basins with high urban and industrial concentration;

Induce implementation of the SINGRH through:

creation of basin committees and Agencies;

water charging

Public or Private Providers, technically qualified who are interested in:

Building and operating new Sewage Treatment Plants

Improving existing Sewage Treatment Plants to reduce effluent discharges

ELEGIBILITY CRITERIA:

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

• PRODES does not pay for civil works or PRODES does not pay for civil works or equipment;equipment;

• Provider is responsible for all Provider is responsible for all actions necessary for the actions necessary for the implementation, operation and implementation, operation and maintenance of the STP.maintenance of the STP.

• PRODES does not pay provider before the PRODES does not pay provider before the STP is in full operation; andSTP is in full operation; and

TERMS OF THE CONTRACTTERMS OF THE CONTRACT

• ANA will pay 50% of the total ANA will pay 50% of the total estimatedestimated cost of the STP, up to a cost of the STP, up to a maximum based on the maximum based on the Reference Value Table

• The full amount is deposited in a The full amount is deposited in a Financial Fund (FIF-CAIXA) in the name of Financial Fund (FIF-CAIXA) in the name of the provider. These are sure receivables the provider. These are sure receivables that can be used as guarantee of a loan that can be used as guarantee of a loan by providerby provider

Access to Account is allowed:Access to Account is allowed:

• quarterly on fixed amounts for a quarterly on fixed amounts for a periodperiod varying from 5 to 7 years using a varying from 5 to 7 years using a

certification process process

Example:1. Establish an equivalent population (54 g BOD/inh.day)2. Choose a Equivalent Population on the Table: 200.000 hab3. Choose a Efficiency Pattern on Table B.4. Establish the reference value of the STP: 200.000 x 50 = R$

10.000.000,005. Establish the maximum SUBSIDY: R$ 10.000.000,00 / 2 =

5.000.000,00

A D E50% 85% 85%60% 90% 90%60% 90% / 60% (1) 90% / 60% (1) 95% 95%

- - 99,9999%- 90% 90%- 90% 90%

Up to 10.000 35 110 115Up to 20.000 30 105 110Up to 50.000 30 100 105Up to 100.000 25 95 100Up to 200.000 25 90 95

Higher than 200.001 25 90 95

Pt

REFERENCE TABLE FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Indicador (3)

Efficiency of Sewage Treatment

(minimum levels of effluent charges abatement)

DQO 75%B

NtReference values per capita (R$/person)

Equivalent Population (2)

80%

---

DBOSSCF

706560555050

C80%85%

99,9999%--

858075706565

Modelo de Avaliação

Auto Avaliação Trimestral

AuditoriaSerá feito Auditoria ?

Sim

Não

Resultadosestão OK ?

(3.1.a)

I

Sim

Resultados estão enquadrados

no item 3.1.b?

Não

ADVERTÊNCIA

SUSPENSÃO

AuditoriaOK?

(2.2 e 2.4)

Emite Notificação de Liberação

Trimestral

Sim

Não

Sim

Não

É a segundaseguida ou a

quartaintercalada?

Não

É a terceiraseguida ou a

quintaintercalada?

Não emite Notificação de

LiberaçãoTrimestral

Não

SimEXCLUIR

Sim

FAguarda

nova avaliação

I

Aguarda nova

avaliação

Vai para

FINANCIAL RESOURCESFINANCIAL RESOURCES

• Federal Budget;Federal Budget;

• Results from water charging Results from water charging according to deliberations of the according to deliberations of the basin committee;basin committee;

• Earnings from FIF-CAIXA Earnings from FIF-CAIXA (Financial fund where subsidies (Financial fund where subsidies are deposited for the provider)are deposited for the provider)

Programa Despoluição de Bacias Hidrográficas PRODESPRODES

SEWAGE TREATMENT STATIONS IMPLEMENTED

ANO Nº de ETE %

2003 12 42,9%2004 5 17,9%2005 10 35,7%2007 1 3,6%

TOTAL GERAL 28 100,0%

INVESTMENTS: R$ 200 MILLION ( R$ 70 MILLION – ANA)

BENEFITED POPULATION: 2.5 MILLION

POLLUTION REDUCTION: 76 TON BOD/DAY

ETE PINHEIRINHO – Município de Vinhedo – SPCapacidade: 36.693 habitantes (133 l/s)Processo: Lodos Ativados por aeração prolongadaCorpo Receptor: Rio Atibaia (Bacia do Rio Piracicaba)Carga Abatida: 1.783 Kg DBO/diaInvestimento ANA: R$ 1.926.382,00

Ampliação de Capacidade do Sistema LavapésMunicípio de São José dos Campos – SPCapacidade após ampliação: 277.667 habitantes (963 l/s)Processo: Lodos Ativados por Oxigênio PuroCorpo Receptor: Rio Paraíba do SulCarga Abatida: 13.495 Kg DBO/diaInvestimento ANA: R$ 6.404.985,00

COPING WITH DROUGHTS IN COPING WITH DROUGHTS IN THE NE SEMI-ARID REGION THE NE SEMI-ARID REGION

THE SEMI-ÁRIDThe Brazilian Semi-Arid region The Brazilian Semi-Arid region encompasses 86% of the States encompasses 86% of the States of the Northeastern region, the of the Northeastern region, the northern part of Minas Gerais northern part of Minas Gerais (11%) and the north of (11%) and the north of Espírito Santo (2,5 %) with a Espírito Santo (2,5 %) with a total area of 974.752 Km2.total area of 974.752 Km2.

Average annual rainfall is 750 Average annual rainfall is 750 to as low as 400 mm in some to as low as 400 mm in some localities;localities;

Estimated annual potential Estimated annual potential evapotranspiration is 2,500 mmevapotranspiration is 2,500 mm.

Component US$ Million

Water resources management 53.1

Engineering projects 41.6

Integrated water management in the São Francisco River Basin

8.6

Water Infrastructures 212.0

Project Monitoring 14.7

TOTAL 330.0

 

PROAGUA – World Bank loan BR 4310

REACHING OUT THE DISPERSE RURAL POPULATION

• Rain harvesting Rain harvesting

ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DISPERSE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DISPERSE RURAL POLULATIONRURAL POLULATION

• Simplified water supply systems for rural Simplified water supply systems for rural communitiescommunities• Simplified water supply systems for rural Simplified water supply systems for rural communitiescommunities

• DesalinationDesalination• DesalinationDesalination

• Underground DamsUnderground Dams• Underground DamsUnderground Dams

• Environmental education and capacity building Environmental education and capacity building • Environmental education and capacity building Environmental education and capacity building

RAIN WATER

HARVESTING

DESALINATION

Reform of the water resources sector Reform of the water resources sector involved: decentralization of decisions; involved: decentralization of decisions; planning and management at the river planning and management at the river basin level; independent regulation of basin level; independent regulation of water use and utilization of the user-pays water use and utilization of the user-pays and polluter-pays principle;and polluter-pays principle;

Appropriate legislation is a necessary Appropriate legislation is a necessary condition, but is not sufficient. Political condition, but is not sufficient. Political will and adequate institutions are will and adequate institutions are fundamental for the implementation of fundamental for the implementation of water reform; water reform;

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

ANA plays a dual role: executive ANA plays a dual role: executive agency responsible for the agency responsible for the implementation of the national waer implementation of the national waer resources management system and resources management system and regulation of water use in federal rivers. regulation of water use in federal rivers. Its autonomy assures technical Its autonomy assures technical treatment of complex problems with treatment of complex problems with exemptionexemption

Significant practical results have Significant practical results have been obtained in the first two years of been obtained in the first two years of ANA: full implementation of the new ANA: full implementation of the new water management instruments in the water management instruments in the Paraiba River basin; reduction of river Paraiba River basin; reduction of river pollution levels in the industrial pollution levels in the industrial southeast and improvement of water southeast and improvement of water supply coverage in the poor semi-arid supply coverage in the poor semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazilregion of Northeastern Brazil

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS