The New South, Social Changes (Social Segregation) 1877 - 1918

The New South, The New South, Social ChangesSocial Changes(Social Segregation)(Social Segregation)1877 - 19181877 - 1918

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementThe act of denying a person the The act of denying a person the

right to voteright to vote convicted felonsconvicted felons

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementAll women were disenfranchisedAll women were disenfranchised

1919thth Amendment (1920) Amendment (1920)

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement

Southern Democrats wanted to Southern Democrats wanted to keep powerkeep power keep Black men from votingkeep Black men from voting

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementPoll TaxPoll Tax

Voter had to pay fee ($)Voter had to pay fee ($)


Property TestProperty TestVoter had to own propertyVoter had to own property


Literacy testLiteracy test Voter required to Voter required to

be able to read and be able to read and writewrite


Ooops! These laws prevented many Ooops! These laws prevented many poor, uneducated whites from voting. poor, uneducated whites from voting. So . . .So . . .

DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementGrandfather clauseGrandfather clause

If voter’s grandfather voted before If voter’s grandfather voted before 1867, ok to vote1867, ok to vote

Freedmen Voting, South Carolina (1868)


White primariesWhite primaries primaries for primaries for

party members party members onlyonly

Democrats say Democrats say “no Black “no Black members”members”No Black No Black

candidatescandidates

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson

Homer PlessyHomer Plessy30-year old30-year old1/8th Black 1/8th Black shoemakershoemaker


““Separate Car Act”Separate Car Act”


1896 Supreme Court Ruled . . . 1896 Supreme Court Ruled . . .


1414thth Amendment pertains to “political Amendment pertains to “political equality not social equality”equality not social equality”


““Separate but equal” facilities Separate but equal” facilities

“ “ . . . in view of the . . . in view of the constitution, . . . there is no constitution, . . . there is no superior, dominant, ruling superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens. There is no class of citizens. There is no caste here. Our constitution is caste here. Our constitution is color-blind, and neither color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The law equal before the law. The law regards man as man, and regards man as man, and takes no account of his takes no account of his surroundings or of his color surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved.”law of the land are involved.”

John Marshall Harlan

Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws

Southern states, including Georgia, Southern states, including Georgia, passed laws that required segregationpassed laws that required segregation

Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws

““Whites only” “Coloreds only”Whites only” “Coloreds only”RailroadsRailroadsSchoolsSchoolsPrisonsPrisonsCemeteriesCemeteriesHospitalsHospitalsWaiting rooms Waiting rooms Drinking fountainsDrinking fountains

The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race Riot

Violent events Violent events by Whites by Whites against African against African AmericansAmericans

The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race RiotTension b/tw races d/t competition for jobsTension b/tw races d/t competition for jobs


Stories of African American men attacking Stories of African American men attacking White womenWhite womenLater found untrueLater found untrue


Whites afraid of African Americans gaining Whites afraid of African Americans gaining too much powertoo much power


Disturbance led increased KKK activityDisturbance led increased KKK activity

The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)

Leo Frank – Leo Frank – Jewish, European Jewish, European immigrant living in immigrant living in Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia


Worked as factory managerWorked as factory manager


Accused of murderingAccused of murdering

13 year old Mary Phagan13 year old Mary Phagan


Found guilty at trial despite faulty and Found guilty at trial despite faulty and suspicious evidencesuspicious evidence


Later found innocent byLater found innocent byGovernor John SlatonGovernor John Slaton

Leo and Lucille Frank at trial


anti-Semitismanti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people) (hatred of Jewish people)


After freed from jail, After freed from jail,

a group of citizens a group of citizens

lynched Leo Frank lynched Leo Frank

At the town square in Marietta, where Mary Phagan lived, people gathered to celebrate the lynching of Leo Frank.

Racial ViolenceRacial Violence

From Reconstruction to the 1850s, From Reconstruction to the 1850s, mobs would take a Black man mobs would take a Black man accused of a crime from jail and accused of a crime from jail and lynch him.lynch him.

Racial ViolenceRacial Violence

From the 1880s to the 1950s, almost From the 1880s to the 1950s, almost 5,000 people were lynched in the 5,000 people were lynched in the United States.United States.

Documents

The New South, Social Changes (Social Segregation) 1877 - 1918