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THE NEW SEC SYSTEM MUMBAI. MAY 3, 2011 The New SEC system SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION-2011

The New SEC systemnts2.ximb.ac.in/users/fac/MNT/mnt.nsf/dd5cab6801f... · 2020. 8. 10. · T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M THE NEW SEC SYSTEM The new SEC system is used to classify

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  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    MUMBAI. MAY 3, 2011

    The New SEC systemSOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION-2011

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    What is the

    new SEC system?

    How do we classify

    a householdin the new SEC system?

    What are the

    advantages/ drawbacksof the new SEC system?

    How was the new SEC system

    created?

    What are the

    other systemsthat we considered?

    What is

    the performanceof the new SEC system?

    Conclusion

    01

    02

    03

    04

    05

    06

    07

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    What is the new

    SEC system?

    01

    3

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

    The new SEC system is used to classify households in India.

    It’s based on two variables:

    • Education of chief earner

    • Number of “consumer durables” ( from a predefined

    list)- owned by the family. The list has 11 items,

    ranging from ‘electricity connection’ and ‘agricultural

    land’- to cars and air conditioners

    We have 12 grades in the new SEC system, ranging from A1

    to E3

    4

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS

    India ( urban + rural )

    0.41.8

    3.24.3

    5.3

    7.5 7.9

    11.4

    14.7

    18.4

    15.4

    9.7

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    New SEC System

    This round of analysis has been conducted using data from IRS 2008 (round 20)*.

    We have drawn a sub-sample of 39,441

    *Figures in percentage

    5

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS

    Urban

    1.1

    5.1

    7.68.6

    10.2

    12.911.6

    13.212.6

    9.8

    4.7

    2.6

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    2.8

    6.67.9 8

    20.5

    24

    11.9

    18.2

    A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2

    The current urban SEC system has 8 grades,

    and is based on occupation and education of

    chief earner

    New SEC System

    Current Urban SEC system

    6

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS

    Rural

    7

    0.04 0.41.3

    2.33.2

    5.16.2

    10.7

    15.6

    22.220.1

    12.8

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    4.3

    12.3

    40.343

    R1 R2 R3 R4

    The current rural SEC system has 4 grades,

    and is based on education of chief earner and

    material used in construction of dwelling

    New SEC System

    Current Rural SEC system

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    02

    How do we classify

    a householdin the new SEC system?

    8

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    SHOW CARD/READ OUT

    Q1a Please take a look at this list and tell me which of these items do you have at home? (It could be owned by you, your family, or provided by the employer or it could be available in the house you live in; but it should be for the use of just you or your family)

    EXPLAIN, IF NECESSARY:

    We have a standard list of items that we use in all kinds of cities and villages. So don’t worry if an item appears irrelevant for you, or too ordinary- just go ahead and tell me which items you do have. We need this information just for survey purpose only.

    Do you have a…(ITEM) in your home (which is in working condition)?

    CIRCLE ITEMS OWNED/HAVE AT HOME. TICK THE ITEM IF OWNED. ADD THE NO. OF TICKS IN THE BOX.

    Q1b Does your family own any agricultural land, by agricultural land I mean land that is currently under cultivation or plantation?

    SHOW CARD/READ OUT

    Q2 Could you tell me something about the person who makes the biggest contribution to the running of the household. To what level has he studied?RECORD IN GRID. USE GRID TO DETERMINE NEW SEC.

    Just two questionsTHAT NEED TO BE ASKED

    9

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 10

    Items owned / have access at home Circle Tick

    1a

    Electricity Connection 01

    Ceiling Fan 02

    LPG Stove 03

    Two Wheeler 04

    Colour TV 05

    Refrigerator 06

    Washing Machine 07

    Personal Computer/ Laptop 08

    Car/Jeep/Van 09

    Air Conditioner 10

    1b Agricultural Land 11

    NUMBER OF STANDARD 11 OWNED

    RECORDING

    The grid

    01

    8

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 11

    Chief Earner: Education (Q2)

    No. of Durables

    (TRANSFER FROM Q1)

    Illiterate

    Literate but no formal schooling/ School-Upto 4 years

    School- 5 to 9 years

    SSC/ HSC

    Some College (incl a Diploma) but not Grad

    Graduate/ Post Graduate: General

    Graduate/ Post Graduate: Professional

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    None E3 E2 E2 E2 E2 E1 D2

    1 E2 E1 E1 E1 D2 D2 D2

    2 E1 E1 D2 D2 D1 D1 D1

    3 D2 D2 D1 D1 C2 C2 C2

    4 D1 C2 C2 C1 C1 B2 B2

    5 C2 C1 C1 B2 B1 B1 B1

    6 C1 B2 B2 B1 A3 A3 A3

    7 C1 B1 B1 A3 A3 A2 A2

    8 B1 A3 A3 A3 A2 A2 A2

    9 + B1 A3 A3 A2 A2 A1 A1

    02

    RECORDING

    The grid

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    03

    What are

    the advantagesof the new SEC system?

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    AdvantagesOF THE NEW SEC SYSTEM

    More discrimination as compared with current systems

    A single system for urban and and rural India

    Less subjectivity- as we no longer use occupation

    It’s simple - easy to answer, not very time consuming, easy

    to classify

    13

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    03

    Are there any

    drawbacksto the new SEC system?

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    We need to be better prepared to handle minor changes to the system, because “consumer durables” penetration will change faster than education or occupation

    The questioning can appear intrusive to people who are unaccustomed to market research. It’s not a problem elsewhere

    15

    There are no serious problems. But…

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    04

    How did we go about

    creating the new system?

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 17

    Extensive analysis based on data drawn from the IRS, made available by the MRUC- various rounds, from 2005 to 2008

    Have also drawn on data from MarketPulse, IMRB’s Household panel, supplemented by a special survey

    How we created the new system

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    ‘Demographic’ variables: e.g. occupation of chief earner, education of chief earner, education of housewife, claimed monthly household income

    Dwelling type and amenities: e.g. construction material, tap, bathroom, number of rooms

    Ownership of consumer durables

    18

    The building blocks that were available to us

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 19

    ‘A scoring system called LIFE; which takes into account whether a household owns or uses a wide-ranging products ranging from material of wall, roof, mode of transportation, use of toilet soap, use of ghee, biscuits, etc.

    In all we used 34 items: giving weights in inverse proportion to usage/ownership

    How we arrange the blocks

    The LIFE score is used to

    decide the order of groups

    defined by two or more

    variables

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    We used the Lorenz curve, and the associated Gini coefficient,

    as a basis for measuring discrimination or inequality

    We assume that the system that throws up more inequality is more

    discriminating.

    In other words, the system that shows a bigger difference in

    ownership/consumption between the top half and the bottom half is the

    better one

    20

    The basis of measuring the discrimination

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    05

    What were the

    other systems that we considered?

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 22

    Point based system using education of highest educated

    individual, press exposure of housewife, and ownership of durables plus other aspects

    A system based on occupation and education of chief earner and the number

    of consumer durables owned

    A system based on and education of chief earner

    and the “best type” of consumer durables owned

    We’ve evaluated many options

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    06

    Performanceof the new SEC system

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 24

    54

    13

    52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    Have internet access at home

    19

    94 2 1 0 0 0

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2

    Have internet access at home

    96

    82

    68

    54

    38

    23

    15 125 2 3 1

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    Household subscribe any Newspaper

    84

    71

    56

    43

    30

    13 103

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2

    Household subscribe any Newspaper

    PENETRATION

    New vs Current system (urban)

    New SEC system Current urban SEC system

    MRUC/Hansa Research –IRS 2008 (round 20)

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 25

    9892 90

    85 83 8074

    49

    35

    16

    51

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    Receive Cable & Satellite

    86 84 8076

    69

    5849

    33

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    90

    100

    A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2

    Receive Cable & Satellite

    72

    53

    37

    2319

    139 7 5 5 2 3

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 E3

    Purchased in Past 6 Months - Ketchup / Sauces

    55

    40

    28

    19 16

    9 7 5

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    60

    70

    80

    A1 A2 B1 B2 C D E1 E2

    Purchased in Past 6 Months - Ketchup / Sauces

    PENETRATION

    New vs Current system (urban) (CONTD.)

    MRUC/Hansa Research –IRS 2008 (round 20)

    New SEC system Current urban SEC system

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    New System

    Benchmark System (MHI)

    Gini Values

    Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)

    Own Microwave oven

    Own Internet access at home - Through PC / TV

    Own PC at home

    Own Camera (still/ digital)

    Housewife have read a magazine in the last 7 days

    Own DVD player

    Own Kitchen Sink

    Own - Mobile / Cellular Phone

    Own Telephone

    Receive Cable & Satellite

    Own Pressure cooker

    0.4

    0.7

    1.6

    3.5

    5.8

    6.8

    8.2

    12.4

    12.6

    Penetration

    31.2

    37.0

    Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark

    PERFORMANCE ON DISCRIMINATION

    India ( u + r )

    26

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    *Purchased in the last 6 months except soft drinks, skin creams and chocolates

    Gini Values

    Jam

    Ketchup / Sauces

    Chocolates

    Instant Noodles

    Floor Cleaners

    Toilet Cleaners

    Soft drinks/Fruit Juices

    Skin Creams/Lotions

    Utensil cleaners

    Fabric whiteners / blues

    Toothpaste

    Shampoo

    Bathing Soaps / Liquid Soaps

    3.3

    5.3

    6.6

    6.7

    11.6

    14.1

    15.8

    21.4

    29.7

    49.8

    57.7

    Penetration

    75.1

    95.8

    Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)

    27

    Benchmark System (MHI)

    Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark

    New System

    PERFORMANCE ON DISCRIMINATION

    India ( u + r ) (CONTD.)

    27

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    1.0

    1.9

    4.5

    8.5

    12.7

    15.7

    20.9

    23.8

    25.9

    60.0

    69.6

    Penetration

    Own Microwave oven

    Own Internet access at home - Through PC / TV

    Own PC at home

    Own Camera (still/ digital)

    Housewife have read a magazine in the last 7 days

    Own DVD player

    Own Kitchen Sink

    Own Telephone

    Own - Mobile / Cellular Phone

    Receive Cable & Satellite

    Own Pressure cooker

    New System

    Current System

    Gini Values

    Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)

    28

    Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark

    GINI CO-EFFICIENTS

    Urban

    28

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    New System

    Current System

    Gini Values

    Processed Cheese/Cheese Products

    Jam

    Ketchup / Sauces

    Chocolates

    Instant Noodles

    Soft drinks/Fruit Juices

    Floor Cleaners

    Skin Creams/Lotions

    Toilet Cleaners

    Utensil cleaners

    Fabric whiteners / blues

    Toothpaste

    Shampoo

    4.1

    8.9

    15.2

    15.4

    17.4

    28.3

    30.2

    30.6

    32.0

    59.9

    60.1

    Penetration

    80.8

    84.9

    Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)

    29

    Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark

    GINI CO-EFFICIENTS

    Urban (CONTD.)

    29

    *Purchased in the last 6 months except soft drinks, skin creams and chocolates

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    New System

    Current System

    Gini Values

    Own Microwave oven

    Own Internet access at home - Through PC / TV

    Own PC at home

    Own Camera (still/ digital)

    Own Kitchen Sink

    Housewife have read a magazine in the last 7 days

    Own DVD player

    Own - Mobile / Cellular Phone

    Own Telephone

    Rural Assets - Table Fan

    Receive Cable & Satellite

    Own Pressure cooker

    Rural Assets - In-house toilet

    0.1

    0.1

    0.3

    1.3

    2.7

    2.8

    2.8

    6.6

    7.6

    13.4

    18.6

    Penetration

    22.8

    30.9

    Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)

    30

    Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark

    GINI CO-EFFICIENTS

    Rural

    30

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    2.1

    2.8

    3.5

    6.2

    10.4

    16.5

    17.4

    45.3

    47.6

    70.8

    73.2

    Penetration

    Instant Noodles

    Chocolates

    Floor Cleaners

    Toilet Cleaners

    Soft drinks/Fruit Juices

    Utensil cleaners

    Skin Creams/Lotions

    Fabric whiteners / blues

    Toothpaste

    Shampoo

    Biscuits

    New System

    Current System

    Gini Values

    Data Source: MRUC/ Hansa Research - IRS 2008 (Round 20)

    Gini coefficients for New SEC system compared with benchmark

    GINI CO-EFFICIENTS

    Rural (CONTD.)

    31

    *Purchased in the last 6 months except soft drinks, skin creams and chocolates

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 32

    The new SEC system is better than the current

    urban system , and much better than the current

    rural system

    PERFORMANCE ON DISCRIMINATION

    Conclusion

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    LevelDistribution of

    Households %Median LIFE

    Inter Quartile

    Range (IQR)

    A1 0.4 804 116

    A2 1.8 687 150

    A3 3.2 590 173

    B1 4.3 494 172

    B2 5.3 430 164

    C1 7.5 369 142

    C2 7.9 319 124

    D1 11.4 270 117

    D2 14.7 222 106

    E1 18.4 164 90

    E2 15.4 117 75

    E3 9.7 80 65

    MHI System New SEC System

    LevelDistribution of

    Households %Median LIFE

    Inter Quartile

    Range (IQR)

    1 0.5 702 186

    2 1.5 618 236

    3 4.2 514 243

    4 3.5 455 236

    5 4.7 391 227

    6 7.1 347 207

    7 11.7 289 178

    8 19.3 232 155

    9 19.2 181 139

    10 13.5 136 110

    11 12.9 125 111

    12 2.1 95 101

    Median LIFE (Urban + Rural): 220

    PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM

    Homogeneity within the grade : India (u + r)

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 34

    Current SEC System New SEC System

    LevelDistribution of

    Households %Median LIFE

    Inter Quartile

    Range (IQR)

    A1 1.1 807 106

    A2 5.1 704 132

    A3 7.6 610 147

    B1 8.6 532 158

    B2 10.2 463 158

    C1 12.9 399 136

    C2 11.6 347 118

    D1 13.2 300 113

    D2 12.6 251 100

    E1 9.8 194 92

    E2 4.7 148 93

    E3 2.6 112 80

    LevelDistribution of

    Households %Median LIFE

    Inter Quartile

    Range (IQR)

    SEC A1 2.8 702 189

    SEC A2 6.6 616 225

    SEC B1 7.9 539 215

    SEC B2 8.0 467 221

    SEC C 20.5 408 210

    SEC D 24.0 320 167

    SEC E1 11.9 280 155

    SEC E2 18.2 212 137

    Median LIFE (Urban India): 354

    PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM

    Homogeneity within the grade : Urban India

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 35

    The new SEC system is able to reduce

    heterogeneity within social grade- and stretch

    the differences by grade

    PERFORMANCE ON HOMOGENEITY

    Conclusion

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M

    07

    Conclusion

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 37

    We have a system that is simple, easy to administer. It

    gives us good discrimination; the social grades created

    are more homogenous

    But we do need to revisit the system at least once every two

    years; and make sure that when a change is needed, this is

    a smooth process

    It’s easy to begin using the new system. For those who

    need to keep track of the old SEC for reasons of

    comparability, the new system means just one more

    question- which can be tagged on right at the end.

    In Conclusion

  • T H E N E W S E C S Y S T E M 38

    Thank You