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The new politics of pastoralism: identity, justice and global activism
Caroline Upton
University of Leicester, [email protected]
Outline
• Environmental justice: scale & scope
• Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’ – Definitions– Events & spaces
• Dimensions of justice: contesting development– Identity politics– Injustice– Accountability & representation
• Conclusions
Environmental justice: scale & scope
• Scale:– creation of transnational spaces
– vertical extensions of justice struggles, ‘globalising vertically’ (Walker 2009:370)
– interlinked spatialities & accountabilities
– state & identity
Environmental justice: scale & scope
• Scope:– distributive justice
– (mis)recognition
– trivalence (Schlosberg, 2004)
– identity (formation) & legitimacy
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’
• Definitions:– Pastoralism as ‘an adaptive production strategy assuring
the economic survival of hundreds of millions of people as well as a way of life contributing to the sustainable management of natural resources and the conservation of nature’ (Segovia Declaration, 2007)
– ‘pastoralism [should be understood as]... a mode of perception as well as a mode of production (Markakis, 2004:14).
– Mobility and indigeneity
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’
Events and spaces (1):
Turmi, Ethiopia, 2005:
‘almost for the first time...put pastoral voices ahead of others in the debate about pastoral futures...’ (Scott-Villiers, 2005)
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’
Events and spaces (2):
Segovia Global Pastoralists’ Gathering, Spain 2007:
Segovia Declaration:– Cognitive & procedural justice– Adaptive capacity &
conservation– Contesting development
(Source: IUCN, WISP)
Pastoralism & the ‘global pastoralists’ movement’
Events and spaces (3):
World Alliance of Mobile Indigenous Peoples (WAMIP)
Dimensions of justice: contesting development
• Identity politics:– Indigenous and pastoralist identities
• Mongolia• Kenya
• Injustice– marginalisation– land issues – misrecognition
Dimensions of justice: contesting development
e.g. Endorois case, Kenya:
– conservation /indigeneity framings
– explicit recognition of ‘right to development’
– ‘Kenya’s new indigenes’ (Lynch, 2011)(Source: ditshwanelo.org.bw)
(Source: galdu.org)Source:justconservation.org
Dimensions of justice: contesting development
• Accountability & representation:
– Politics of representatione.g. Segovia, UNPFII
– Trade-offs & efficacy: achieving tripartite environmental justice
Conclusions
• Global environmental justice: contesting development?
• Role of identity politics
• Efficacy & limitations
• Future prospects
